1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study combines co-solvent precipitation for synthesizing fullerene rods with electric-field directed assembly under two-dimensional confinement to control hierarchical film structures. Theoretical models include the Clausius–Mossotti factor for polarizability and orientational order parameters.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Fullerene C60 and C70 rods are synthesized with varying aspect ratios (1.7, 2, 3.7) using specific solvents and injection volumes. Samples are characterized via SEM and optical microscopy.

3：7, 2, 7) using specific solvents and injection volumes. Samples are characterized via SEM and optical microscopy. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment includes a scanning electron microscope (SEM), optical microscope (Olympus BX-51), function generator (Tektronix), power amplifier (Krohn-Hite Corp. 7602M), micropipette, magnetic stirrer, ultrasonic bath, and centrifugation setup. Materials include C60 and C70 fullerenes (Sigma-Aldrich), solvents (tetralin, 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine, mesitylene, 2-propanol from Sigma-Aldrich), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (Sigma Aldrich).

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Rods are synthesized via co-solvent precipitation, stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone, confined in a wedge-shaped cell, centrifuged to densify, and subjected to AC electric fields at varying frequencies and strengths. Assembly is imaged in situ with optical microscopy.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Image analysis using ImageJ for FFTs and Matlab for calculating radial distribution functions, orientational correlation functions, and order parameters (S2, S4, P2).