1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study used a combination of spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, calibrated digital imaging, and behavioral experiments with honeybees to evaluate the role of structural colors. Methods were designed to simulate honeybee vision and natural pollination scenarios.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Flowers from 6 insect-pollinated plant species (Alyogyne huegelii, Solanum laciniatum, Lycianthes rantonnetii, Tropaeolum majus, Hibiscus heterophyllus, Pelargonium rodneyanum) were collected from a botanical garden. Spectral and spatial data were gathered from multiple viewpoints.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included an Ocean Optics USB2000+ Spectrometer, PX-2 pulsed xenon light source, Philips XL30 Scanning Electron Microscope, Canon EOS 40D digital camera with 100-mm macro lens, Broncolor Pulso F2 flash lamp, Broncolor Graffit A2 power pack, and a custom mechano-optical device. Materials included dental impression material, transparent nail polish, gold coating for SEM, and various software for image processing and analysis.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Procedures involved measuring reflectance spectra, creating petal surface replicas for SEM, recording images from 37 viewpoints per flower, linearizing images to model bee vision, applying spectral and spatial thresholds, and conducting behavioral tests with free-flying honeybees using absolute conditioning and various stimulus sets.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data were analyzed using statistical methods including Mardia's rank correlation coefficient for linear-circular association, generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) for behavioral data, and various image processing techniques to quantify color and spatial parameters.