1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study employs Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent DFT (TD-DFT) for computational predictions, and chemical oxidative polymerization for experimental synthesis. Morphological and optical characterizations are performed using various techniques.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Samples include nanostructures of TiO2, V2O5, and ZnO, and their complexes with PTh. Data sources are computational models and synthesized materials.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment includes FT-IR spectrometer (iS50-FTIR, Model AUP1200343), XRD diffractometer (Panalytical X’Pert Pro), HR-TEM (FEI Tecnai G2 F20), FE-SEM (Hitachi-SU8010), EDS, TGA analyzer (Perkin-Elmer STA 6000), UV-visible spectrophotometer (JASCO-V750). Materials include zinc nitrate hexahydrate, sodium hydroxide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, anhydrous ferric chloride, methanol, chloroform, ethanol, glacial acetic acid, vanadium pentoxide, thiophene, titanium isopropoxide.

4：0). Materials include zinc nitrate hexahydrate, sodium hydroxide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, anhydrous ferric chloride, methanol, chloroform, ethanol, glacial acetic acid, vanadium pentoxide, thiophene, titanium isopropoxide. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Synthesis of TMO nanostructures via specific methods (e.g., alkaline solution for ZnO, sol-gel for TiO2, hydrothermal for V2O5). Fabrication of PTh-TMO complexes using chemical oxidative polymerization with thiophene and FeCl3. Characterization involves FT-IR, XRD, HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDS, TGA, and UV-visible spectroscopy.

5：5). Fabrication of PTh-TMO complexes using chemical oxidative polymerization with thiophene and FeClCharacterization involves FT-IR, XRD, HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDS, TGA, and UV-visible spectroscopy. Data Analysis Methods:

5. Data Analysis Methods: Data analyzed using Gaussian09 for computational studies, Tauc’s plot for band gap calculation, and various software for instrument data processing.