研究目的
To investigate the changes in drug solubility by forming inclusion complexes with different derivatives of hydroxypropyl (HP)-cyclodextrins (CD) for curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), and to evaluate their physicochemical properties, cellular permeability, and anti-oxidant activity for ocular delivery applications.
研究成果
The encapsulation of curcumin and THC into HP-CDs significantly improved their aqueous solubility, stability, and cellular permeability. THC/CD formulations showed enhanced anti-oxidant activity and oxidative protection in ocular epithelial cells and rabbit corneas without causing tissue colorization, making them promising candidates for ophthalmic applications to treat oxidative stress-related ocular diseases.
研究不足
The study primarily used in vitro and ex vivo models (cell cultures and rabbit corneas), which may not fully replicate in vivo human ocular conditions. The oxidative stress model relied on H2O2, which might not cover all aspects of oxidative stress in ocular diseases. Long-term stability and in vivo efficacy were not extensively evaluated.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved preparing inclusion complexes of curcumin and THC with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-βCD) and hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HP-γCD) using a spray drying technique. Physicochemical characterization included FT-IR, DSC, XRD, DLS, TEM, and drug release studies. Cellular permeability was assessed using human corneal epithelial (HCE) and retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells in Transwell inserts. Anti-oxidant efficacy was evaluated via qRT-PCR for SOD1, CAT1, and HMOX1 genes, and oxidative protection was tested in rabbit corneas using H2O2-induced stress.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Curcumin and THC were used as drug compounds. HCE cells were obtained from CellnTec, and RPE cells from ATCC. Rabbit corneas were excised from New Zealand white rabbits.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
HPLC system (Waters Alliance), FT-IR spectrometer (JASCO FT-IR 6300), DSC (TA Instruments Q20), XRD (Rigaku Ultima IV), DLS (NanoBrook 90Plus), TEM (JEOL JEM 2100F), Transwell inserts (Corning), cell culture media (Invitrogen, CellnTech), qRT-PCR kits (Qiagen, QuantiTect, Enzynomics), and histological staining materials.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Drug complexes were prepared by dissolving HP-CDs in water, adding drug solutions in acetone, stirring overnight, centrifuging, and freeze-drying. Characterization involved FT-IR, DSC, XRD, DLS, TEM, and drug release studies. Cellular transport assays used HCE and RPE cells on Transwell inserts with TEER measurements. Cytotoxicity was assessed via WST-1 assay. Anti-oxidant gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR after H2O2 treatment. Rabbit corneas were treated with drug formulations and H2O2 in a diffusion apparatus, followed by H&E staining.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 5.03 with unpaired Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA (Tukey's post hoc test). Gene expression data were analyzed using the 2-ΔΔCt method.
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FT-IR spectrometer
FT-IR 6300
JASCO
Analysis of molecular vibrations and interactions in drug complexes
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XRD
Ultima IV
Rigaku
Analysis of crystalline states of drug complexes
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TEM
JEM 2100F
JEOL
Imaging of particle morphology and size
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Transwell insert
CLS3470, CLS3495
Corning
Cell culture for permeability studies
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Microscope
Axio Observer Z1
Carl Zeiss
Light contrast microscopy for cell and tissue examination
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Microtome
RM2145
Leica Microsystems
Slicing of tissue sections for histological evaluation
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Spectrophotometer
NanoDrop 2000
Thermo Scientific
Quantification of RNA concentration
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HPLC system
Waters Alliance
Waters
Quantitative analysis of drug concentrations
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DSC
Q20
TA Instruments
Thermal analysis of drug complexes
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DLS
NanoBrook 90Plus
Brookhaven Instruments
Measurement of particle size and zeta potential
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qRT-PCR kit
TOPreal qPCR 2x PreMIX
Enzynomics
Quantitative real-time PCR for gene expression analysis
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Dialysis bag
MWCO 8–10 kDa
Spectrum Laboratories
Drug release studies
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TEER measurement system
Millicell ERS
Millipore
Measurement of transepithelial electrical resistance
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WST-1 assay kit
Cell viability assessment
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RNeasy Mini Kit
Qiagen
RNA extraction from cells
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Reverse Transcription Kit
QuantiTect
Qiagen
Generation of cDNA from RNA
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Diffusion apparatus
Logan Instruments
Ex vivo drug transport and oxidative protection studies on rabbit corneas
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