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Assessment of solar energy potential in Gaza Strip-Palestine
摘要： Renewable energy sources and technologies have the potential to provide solutions to the energy problems. Solar energy can be an important part of the Palestinian’s strategies not only to add a new capacity but also to increase energy security, addressing the environmental concerns. In this paper, e?orts have been made to summarize the current status, availability, and future potential of solar energy options in Gaza Strip. Solar radiation data was provided by Meteoblue AG – Switzerland [www.meteoblue.com] as hourly time-series for 15 years from 2000 to 2015 for ?ve cities in Gaza Strip, which are geographically presenting the entire Gaza Strip. Jabalia, Gaza, Deir-Albalah, Khan-Yunis, and Rafah. These data are used directly to evaluate the potential of solar energy in the three selected sites by means of the System Advisor Model (SAM) from National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) software. The potential of solar energy in Palestine using Photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating (CS) solar systems have been discussed. The present study can be considered as a road-map to get out of the electricity crisis in the Gaza Strip and to end the su?ering of Gazians. In this work, two scenarios are suggested, the ?rst one is urgent, it stipulates to generate the demand load (552 GWh/year) by means of (PV) solar power systems. While the second scenario is leading to terminate the reliance on imported energy by producing all the energy needs locally via (PV) solar system. The study reached to determine the ?nancial budget, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), and the technical parameters for both scenarios. The urgent action is building up a 555 MWp of (PV) solar system on the rooftop of Gaza Strip’s buildings. This will cost about 800 million $US and the expected price of electricity will be ranged between ($US 0.07–0.11) per kWh, which is four times less than the present price ($US 0.29–0.46) per kWh. The solar energy can lay a strong foundation for an independent the Palestinian state, generate employment opportunities, alleviate poverty and provide a visionary approach to the dreams of Palestinian youths.
关键词： Palestine,Solar energy,Electricity crisis,(PV) solar system,Gaza Strip
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 International Ural Conference on Green Energy (UralCon) - Chelyabinsk (2018.10.4-2018.10.6)] 2018 International Ural Conference on Green Energy (UralCon) - Determination of the Parameters of the Solar System to Compensate for the Thermal Losses of a Single-chamber Vertical Cylindrical Reactor
摘要： The purpose of this study is to analyze the feasibility of using the solar system to partially compensate for the heat losses of the methanogenesis reactor of the bioenergy station "EcoVoltAgro" with a volume of 25 m3. In the process of research, the method of comparative analysis was used. Calculation of the available solar radiation was carried out on the basis of the information of the climatological database of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States for coordinates corresponding to the geographical location of Orenburg. Optimal parameters of the solar system are proposed to compensate for the heat losses of a single-chamber vertical cylindrical methane-genesis reactor, the required surface area and the number of solar collectors for each month of the year are determined. In order to reduce the cost of creating a solar system with a large number of solar collectors, a schematic diagram of a heating system for a methane-genesis reactor based on solar collectors and a boiler operating on biogas is proposed. The calculation of biogas savings for each month of the year is made using the proposed scheme.
关键词： bioenergetic station,solar collectors,solar system,methanogenesis reactor,alternative energy sources
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Associated particle imaging instrumentation for future planetary surface missions
摘要： We have conducted ground tests to study the applicability of the Tagged Neutrons Method/Associated Particle Imaging methodology (TNM/API) for the making precise gamma ray spectroscopic measurements onboard lander missions to the Solar system planets. Our analysis was focused on the requirement to distinguish between the spacecraft background and the subsurface signal so as to correctly evaluate the elemental composition of planetary soils. The measurements were performed in a configuration where the gamma spectrometer was surrounded by significant amounts of material that imitated a spacecraft structure. It was found that the TNM/API can substantially suppress the spacecraft background and identify the true intensities of the gamma lines attributed to major soil elements such as O, Na, Mg, Al, Si and Fe and evaluate their concentrations with an accuracy of 2–10%.
关键词： Neutron generator,Elemental abundances,Surface operations,Associated particle imaging,Solar system,Tagged neutrons method,Active gamma spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 26th International Symposium on the Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits (IPFA) - Hangzhou, China (2019.7.2-2019.7.5)] 2019 IEEE 26th International Symposium on Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits (IPFA) - Characterization of 1122nm Laser for Laser Based Fault Isolation Applications
摘要： This paper presents one of the first studies of the harmonic impact of a significantly large photovoltaic (PV) solar farm of 20 MW in a utility distribution system. This solar farm is a constituent of the 80-MW PV solar farm in Sarnia, Ontario, which is so far the largest solar farm in Canada. The utility network is modeled in detail using the commercial grade PSCAD/EMTDC software, which is validated through load flow studies conducted by CYME software and correlated with SCADA measurements. The validated network model is used for network resonance study and harmonics impact analysis of the solar farms under different network conditions. The harmonics data instrumented for several months were provided by the transmission utility at the two solar farm units and at the main feeder substation. These data were utilized for extensive harmonic impact studies with widely different short-circuit levels and network resonance conditions. This paper presents the detailed procedure adopted for performing such harmonic impact studies. It is concluded that this large solar farm may not cause any substantial voltage distortion on the distribution network during steady-state operating conditions. However, recommendations are made for utilities to perform such studies to ensure the safe operation of critical loads.
关键词： network resonance,total harmonic distortion,solar energy,harmonics,Distribution systems,total demand distortion,photovoltaic (PV) solar system,frequency scan
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Detecting Laser-Volatilized Salts with a Miniature 100-GHz Spectrometer
摘要： Rotational transitions are unique identi?ers of molecular species, including isotopologues. This article describes the rotational detections of two laser-volatilized salts, NaCl and KCl, made with a miniature Fourier transform millimeter-wave (FTmmW) cavity spectrometer that could one day be used to measure solid composition in the ?eld or in space. The two salts are relevant targets for icy moons in the outer solar system, and in principle, other molecular solids could be analyzed with the FTmmW instrument. By coupling the spectrometer to a collisionally cooling laser ablation source, (a) we demonstrate that the FTmmW instrument is sensitive enough to detect ablation products, and (b) we use the small size of the FTmmW cavity to measure ablation product signal along the carrier gas beam. We ?nd that for 532 nm nanosecond pulses, ablated molecules are widely dispersed in the carrier-gas jet. In addition to the miniature spectrometer results, we present several complementary measurements intended to characterize the laser ablation process. For pulse energies between 10 and 30 mJ, the ablation product yield increases linearly, reaching approximately 1012 salt molecules per 30 mJ pulse. Using mass spectrometry, we observe Li+, Na+, and K+ in the plumes of ablated NaCl, KCl, and LiCl, which implies dissociation of the volatilized material. We do not observe salt ions (e.g., NaCl+). However, with 800 nm femtosecond laser pulses, the triatomic ion clusters Li2Cl+, Na2Cl+, and K2Cl+ are produced. Finally, we observe incomplete volatilization with the nanosecond pulses: some of the ejecta are liquid droplets. The insights about ablation plume physics gleaned from these experiments should guide future implementations of the laser-volatilization technique.
关键词： KCl,Fourier transform millimeter-wave,FTmmW,rotational transitions,NaCl,mass spectrometry,outer solar system,icy moons,laser-volatilized salts,laser ablation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 60th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON) - Riga, Latvia (2019.10.7-2019.10.9)] 2019 IEEE 60th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON) - Photovoltaic system application for combined heat and power plant self-consumption needs
摘要： This paper analyzes possibilities to use photovoltaic systems for CHP self-consumption needs. Study was made based on installed photovoltaic system data. The algorithm for hourly analysis of PV system contribution to power plant self-consumption was developed. Economical calculations were made to point out scenarios in which use of PV system for CHP self-consumption is economically feasible.
关键词： photovoltaic panels,CHP self-consumption optimization,solar system NPV,PV
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 Workshop on Recent Advances in Photonics (WRAP) - Guwahati, India (2019.12.13-2019.12.14)] 2019 Workshop on Recent Advances in Photonics (WRAP) - Stand-off Femtosecond Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Metals, Soil, Plastics and Classification Studies
摘要： This paper presents one of the first studies of the harmonic impact of a significantly large photovoltaic (PV) solar farm of 20 MW in a utility distribution system. This solar farm is a constituent of the 80-MW PV solar farm in Sarnia, Ontario, which is so far the largest solar farm in Canada. The utility network is modeled in detail using the commercial grade PSCAD/EMTDC software, which is validated through load flow studies conducted by CYME software and correlated with SCADA measurements. The validated network model is used for network resonance study and harmonics impact analysis of the solar farms under different network conditions. The harmonics data instrumented for several months were provided by the transmission utility at the two solar farm units and at the main feeder substation. These data were utilized for extensive harmonic impact studies with widely different short-circuit levels and network resonance conditions. This paper presents the detailed procedure adopted for performing such harmonic impact studies. It is concluded that this large solar farm may not cause any substantial voltage distortion on the distribution network during steady-state operating conditions. However, recommendations are made for utilities to perform such studies to ensure the safe operation of critical loads.
关键词： network resonance,total harmonic distortion,solar energy,harmonics,Distribution systems,total demand distortion,photovoltaic (PV) solar system,frequency scan
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Investigation of Direct Contact Membrane Distillation coupling with a Concentrated Photovoltaic solar system
摘要： The scarcity of fresh water amongst a growing population is an impending global issue, which must be addressed by utilizing renewable energy sources. A Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) and Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD) hybrid system is a viable solution to address water shortage in arid and rural areas. The objective is to determine the feasibility of the combination of a DCMD and CPV system, demonstrate fresh water production utilizing the DCMD method and increase total CPV system efficiency. An experimental setup has been designed and built, and the results indicate a mass flux of 7.096 L/m2.h is achievable with a Polytetrafluoroethylene Membrane area of 0.0491 m2, salinity concentration of 1±0.1 % and a membrane temperature difference of 18.82 °C.
关键词： heat and mass transfer,concentrated photovoltaic solar system,Direct contact membrane distillation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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The Ganymede laser altimeter (GALA): key objectives, instrument design, and performance
摘要： The Ganymede Laser Altimeter (GALA) is one of the ten scientific instruments selected for the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) mission currently implemented under responsibility of the European Space Agency (ESA). JUICE is scheduled for launch in mid 2022; arrival at Jupiter will be by end of 2029 with the nominal science mission—including close flybys at Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto and a Ganymede orbit phase—ending by mid 2033. GALA’s main objective is to obtain topographic data of the icy satellites of Jupiter: Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. By measuring the diurnal tidal deformation of Ganymede, which crucially depends on the decoupling of the surface ice layer from the deep interior by a liquid water ocean, GALA will obtain evidence for (or against) a subsurface ocean in a 500 km orbit around the satellite and will provide constraints on Ganymede’s ice shell thickness. In combination with other instruments, it will characterize the morphology of surface units on Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto providing not only topography but also surface roughness and albedo (at 1064 nm) measurements. GALA is a single-beam laser altimeter operating with up to 50 Hz (nominal 30 Hz) shot frequency at a wavelength of 1064 nm and pulse lengths of 5.5 ± 2.5 ns using a Nd:YAG laser. The return pulse is detected by an Avalanche Photo Diode (APD) with 100 MHz bandwidth and is digitized at a sampling rate of 200 MHz providing range measurements with a subsample resolution of 0.1 m and surface roughness measurements from pulse-shape analysis on the scale of the footprint size of about 50 m at 500 km altitude. The instrument is developed in collaboration of institutes and industry from Germany, Japan, Switzerland, and Spain.
关键词： Satellites of Jupiter,JUICE mission,Solar System,GALA,Ganymede,Laser Altimetry
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Information , Communication, Engineering and Technology (ICICET) - Pune, India (2018.8.29-2018.8.31)] 2018 International Conference on Information , Communication, Engineering and Technology (ICICET) - New Control Technique to Improve the Grid Power by Using PV-STATCOM
摘要： This paper introduces novel control method to utilize the solar plant inverter as static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) which is also called as PV-STATCOM to improve the power transmission capacity of the grid. The solar farm is ideal for the nighttime and it produces less power in morning period and late afternoon period. Therefore these are the expensive assets which are remaining unutilized during this period of 24hrs. To overcome these problems solar plant along with maximum power point tracking [MPPT] produces active power during daytime and full capacity of solar plant inverter which is not used in night period is used with help of point of common coupling [PCC] voltage controller and damping controller to improve the power transmission capacity of line and also power factor of the grid line. The inverter capacity which is left after the real power generation is used to perform the given objective. This new control technique is used to increase the grid transfer capacity for which other alternatives are used like FACT devices.
关键词： flexible alternating current transmission system,inverter,solar system,damping controller,MPPT,STATCOM,dc voltage regulator,voltage controller
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36