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Semi-Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells with a Cross-Linked Hole Transport Layer
摘要： Semi-transparent perovskite solar cells (ST-PeSCs) have received great attention because of their excellent performance and promising application in areas such as tandem devices and building integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs). Critical across all these applications is achieving both high efficiency and stable photovoltaic performance of such devices. Realizing both of these properties simultaneously has not been possible using device architectures featuring the archetypal doped Spiro-OMeTAD as a hole transport layer (HTL). As such, in this work we explore the use of a solution-processed cross-linked HTL formed from N4,N4′-di(naphthalen-1-yl)-N4,N4′-bis(4-vinylphenyl)biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (VNPB) molecules as an alternative to the conventional Spiro-OMeTAD within an FTO/SnO2/C60-SAM/Perovskite/HTL/MoOx/ultra-thin gold/MoOx ST-PeSC device architecture. Through an optimized multi-step thermal treatment process that maximizes charge extraction and reduces recombination from these devices, we can achieve ST-PeSCs that exhibit record power conversion efficiencies for Spiro-OMeTAD-free devices with average visible transmittance values between 10 and 30%. These devices exhibit comparable efficiencies to their Spiro-OMeTAD counterparts, with the additional benefit that the use of the poly-VNPB as the HTL material provides significant improvements in long-term device stability under both continuous illumination and high humidity conditions.
关键词： stability,perovskite solar cells,cross-linked layer,semi-transparent,hole transport layer,building integrated photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Tunable Substrate Integrated Waveguide Phase Shifter Using High Dielectric Constant Slab
摘要： This paper deals with precise insertion processing (peg-in-hole task) for speeding up and increasing flexibility of assembly process in factory automation. When a gap between a peg and a hole is narrower than positioning accuracy of robotic manipulator, it is impossible to succeed the peg-in-hole task by conventional position control methods. Moreover, in the case that a robotic hand holds a deformable thin ring and put it around a shaft, the insertion process becomes increasingly difficult because the gripping force deforms the ring and the narrow gap is crushed. We propose a novel mating technique based on passive alignment principle (PAP) in order to solve the twin problems of accuracy and deformation. The PAP mechanism can correct the ring position in nanoorder and remove the ring deformation. We derived the limitations of the PAP, which are remaining position errors after the PAP applied, based on Hertz stress. We also analyzed accuracy requirements of industrial robotic manipulator for applying the PAP and calculated allowance diagrams. We conducted 280 mating and insertion experiments with four kinds of materials of rings and shafts with three different insertion directions. The success rate 97.8% validates our proposed PAP-based mating algorithm.
关键词： peg-in-hole,Close tolerances fit,robotic assembly,Hertz contact stress
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Modification of NiO <sub/>x</sub> hole transport layer for acceleration of charge extraction in inverted perovskite solar cells
摘要： The modification of the inorganic hole transport layer has been an efficient method for optimizing the performance of inverted perovskite solar cells. In this work, we propose a facile modification of a compact NiOx film with NiOx nanoparticles and explore the effects on the charge carrier dynamic behaviors and photovoltaic performance of inverted perovskite devices. The modification of the NiOx hole transport layer can not only enlarge the surface area and infiltration ability, but also adjust the valence band maximum to well match that of perovskite. The photoluminescence results confirm the acceleration of the charge separation and transport at the NiOx/perovskite interface. The corresponding device possesses better photovoltaic parameters than the device based on control NiOx films. Moreover, the charge carrier transport/recombination dynamics are further systematically investigated by the measurements of time-resolved photoluminescence, transient photovoltage and transient photocurrent. Consequently, the results demonstrate that proper modification of NiOx can significantly enlarge interface area and improve the hole extraction capacity, thus efficiently promoting charge separation and inhibiting charge recombination, which leads to the enhancement of the device performances.
关键词： charge extraction,hole transport layer,NiOx,perovskite solar cells,photovoltaic performance
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Lead (II) Propionate Additive and A Dopant-Free Polymer HTM for CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： All-inorganic perovskites (CsPbI3 and CsPbI2Br), owing to their greater thermal stability compared to organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, are becoming popular in perovskite photovoltaics but the problem that remains with CsPbI2Br (or CsPbI3) is the humidity-assisted phase transformation. Herein, we report about the formation of CsPbI2Br α-phase and improvement of its phase stability under ambient atmosphere (20-30 % relative humidity) by Pb (II) propionate additive in the CsPbI2Br precursor. Solar cells employing CsPbI2Br film with an optimum concentration of the additive (1 mol %), and a donor-acceptor type polymer (synthesized by us) as dopant-free hole transport material that has a better energy level matching with CsPbI2Br (compared to other polymers like P3HT, PTAA, asy-PBTBDT) work with a champion power conversion cell efficiency of 14.58 %. A continuous increase in the open-circuit voltage, reaching 1.36 V for 5 mol % of Pb (II) propionate manifests a remarkable defects-passivation effect by the additive.
关键词： Pb (II) propionate,All-inorganic perovskites,dopant-free hole transport material,solar cells,CsPbI2Br
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Performance optimization of CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3 based perovskite solar cells by comparing different ETL materials through conduction band offset engineering
摘要： Numerical simulations can provide the physical insights into the carrier transport mechanism in the solar cells, and the factors influencing their performance. In this paper, perovskite solar cell (PSC) based on the mixed perovskite (CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3 has been numerically simulated using the SCAPS simulator. A comparative analysis of different electron transport layers (ETLs) based on their conduction band offsets (CBO) has been performed, while Spiro-OMeTAD was used as a hole transport layer (HTL). Among the proposed ETLs, CdZnS performed better and demonstrated the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.20%. Also, the PCE of the PSC has been optimized by adjusting the doping concentrations in the ETL, Spiro-OMeTAD layer, and the thickness of the perovskite light absorber layer. It was found that the doping concentration of 1021 cm?3 for the CdZnS based ETL and 1020 cm?3 for Spiro-OMeTAD are the optimum concentrations values for demonstrating enhanced efficiency. A 600 nm thick perovskite layer has found to be appropriate for the efficient PSC design. For the initial guessing and numerical model validation, the photovoltaic data of a very stable (over one year with PCE ~13%) n-i-p structured (ITO/TiO2/CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au) PSCs was used. These numerically simulated results signify the optimum performance of the photovoltaic device that can be further implemented to develop the highly efficient PSCs.
关键词： The power conversion efficiency,Hole transport layer,Electron transport layer,Conduction band offset engineering,SCAPS,Perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Pyridine Bridging Diphenylamine-Carbazole with Linking Topology as Rational Hole Transporter for Perovskite Solar Cells Fabrication
摘要： Developing cost-effective and rational hole transporting materials is critical for fabricating high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and to promote their commercial endeavor. We have designed and developed pyridine (core) bridging diphenylamine-substituted carbazole (arm) small molecules, named as 2,6PyDANCBZ and 3,5PyDANCBZ. The linking topology of core and arm on their photophysical, thermal, semiconducting and photovoltaic properties were probed systematically. We found that the 2,6PyDANCBZ shows higher mobility and conductivity along with uniform film-forming ability as compared to 3,5PyDANCBZ. The PSCs fabricated with 2,6PyDANCBZ supersede the performance delivered by Spiro-OMeTAD, and importantly also gave improved long-term stability. Our findings put forward small molecules based on core-arm linking topology for cost-effective hole selective layers designing.
关键词： hole transport materials,charge transport,electro-optical properties,perovskite solar cells,Carbazole
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A facile route of preparing nickel(II) oxide thin films for high-performance inverted perovskite solar cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been very popular in the field of photovoltaics. In the inverted PSC structure, the hole transport layer deposited before perovskite photoactive layer plays a crucial role in power conversion efficiencies (PCE) and ambient stability of device. Here, we developed a facile method of preparing NiO hole transport layers aided by polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) for inverted perovskite solar cells. Compared with reported fabrication methods, this route has the advantages of simple, low temperature, and low-cost processing. The corresponding devices exhibited a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.78% and good stability. Various characterizations, XRD, Raman, AFM, SEM, PL etc were carried out to confirm the superior effect of the NiO film prepared by new method. We believe that this facile route will be a significant contribution for preparing high performance inverted perovskite solar cells.
关键词： NiO hole transport layers,Perovskite solar cells,low-temperature processing,PMMA,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Photoactivity improvement of TiO2 electrodes by thin hole transport layers of reduced graphene oxide
摘要： Nanostructured TiO2 and graphene-based materials constitute components of actual interest in devices related to solar energy conversion and storage. In this work, we show that a thin layer of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ECrGO), covering nanostructured TiO2 photoelectrodes, can significantly improve the photoactivity. In order to understand the working principle, ECrGO/TiO2 photoelectrodes with different ECrGO thicknesses were prepared and studied by a set of photoelectrochemical measurements. Methanol in alkaline conditions was employed as effective hole acceptor probe to elucidate the electronic phenomena in the electrode layers and interfaces. These studies underline the hole accepting properties of ECrGO and reveal the formation of a p-n junction at the interface between ECrGO and TiO2. It is shown for the first time that the resulting space charge region of about 10 nm defines the operational functionality of the ECrGO layer. Films thinner than the space charge region act as hole transport layer (HTL), which efficiently transfers holes to the liquid interface thus leading to enhanced photoactivity. Thicker films however act as hole blocking layer (HBL), resulting in a systematic decrease of the photoactivity. The finding of a thickness dependent threshold value for the operation of ECrGO as HTL and HBL is of general interest for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices with improved performance.
关键词： reduced graphene oxide,photoelectrodes,titanium dioxide,photoelectrochemistry,hole-transport layer
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Hierarchical biomimetic BiVO4 for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater in visible-light photocatalytic ozonation
摘要： Photocatalytic ozonation is an attractive advanced oxidation process for wastewater treatment, but highly active catalysts with strong response to visible light are urgently needed to push forward its practical application. In this study, a hierarchical biomimetic monoclinic bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) with leaves morphology was synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and employed as catalyst for oxalic acid and penicillin degradation in photocatalytic ozonation. The results show that the organics degradation was more efficient using leaves shaped BiVO4 as catalyst than the bulk shaped one in photocatalytic ozonation and the synergy index is ranged from 2.8 to 3.3, indicating a superior positive synergistic effect between photocatalysis and ozonation. The higher activity of the leaves shaped BiVO4 was probably attributed to the distinctive biomimetic morphology and preferable band structure with more negative CB potential. Mechanism studies suggested that the main reactive species were h+ and ?OH for the degradation of persistent oxalic acid in photocatalytic ozonation. In addition, the effect of ozone concentration and inorganic ions and reusability of the material were also intensively investigated.
关键词： BiVO4,biomimetic morphology,photocatalytic ozonation,synergies,photogenerated hole
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Braiding kinetics and spectroscopy in photo-catalysis: the spectro-kinetic approach
摘要： The combination of kinetic and spectroscopic tools has become a key scientific methodology for the understanding of catalytic behavior but its application in photocatalysis has inherent difficulties due to the nature of the energy source of the reaction. This review article provides an overview of its use by, first, presenting mechanistically derived kinetic formulations and spectroscopic data handling methods including intrinsic expressions for light and, second, highlighting representative examples of application. To do it we consider universal catalytic systems, particularly (although not exclusively) titania-based materials, and the most frequent hole and/or electron triggered reaction schemes. This review also provides a general framework to pave the way for the future progress of the spectro-kinetic approach in the photocatalysis area.
关键词： spectroscopy,titania-based materials,kinetics,hole and electron triggered reactions,photocatalysis,spectro-kinetic approach
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36