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Significantly enhanced electron transport of nonfullerene acceptor in blend film with high hole mobility polymer of high molecular weight: thick-film nonfullerene polymer solar cells showing high fill factor
摘要： Overcoming fill factor (FF) decay in thick fullerene active layers has been demonstrated with high hole mobility (μh) polymers. However, this issue remains as a challenge for thick active layers with nonfullerene acceptors. Here we demonstrate high FF and highly efficient nonfullerene based thick active layer with high μh polymer as the donor. Its relatively balanced hole and electron transports with a μh/μe ratio of 4.42 in 320 nm thick blend film are realized by the high molecular weight polymer induced higher electron mobility (μe approaching 1×10?3 cm2/(V s)) for the blend film. Relative to the pristine IEICO-4F nonfullerene film, 8 times increased μe for the blend film corresponds to closer interdigitation of IEICO-4F lamella and higher order face-on orientation of in-plain (200) peak of IEICO-4F molecules, which are very helpful for electron transport. As a result, solar cells with 320 nm thick binary nonfullerene active layers show outstanding FF over 70% and power conversion efficiency of 13.2%, a breakthrough for a high μh polymer as the donor. Our results suggest that high μh polymer donors are promising candidates for nonfullerene based polymer solar cells.
关键词： nonfullerene acceptor,thick-film polymer solar cells,fill factor,electron transport,high hole mobility polymer
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Structural and Electrical Investigation of Cobalt-Doped NiOx/Perovskite Interface for Efficient Inverted Solar Cells
摘要： Inorganic hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for stable and cheap inverted perovskite-based solar cells are highly desired. In this context, NiOx, with low synthesis temperature, has been employed. However, the low conductivity and the large number of defects limit the boost of the e?ciency. An approach to improve the conductivity is metal doping. In this work, we have synthesized cobalt-doped NiOx nanoparticles containing 0.75, 1, 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mol% cobalt (Co) ions to be used for the inverted planar perovskite solar cells. The best e?ciency of the devices utilizing the low temperature-deposited Co-doped NiOx HTM obtained a champion photoconversion e?ciency of 16.42%, with 0.75 mol% of doping. Interestingly, we demonstrated that the improvement is not from an increase of the conductivity of the NiOx ?lm, but due to the improvement of the perovskite layer morphology. We observe that the Co-doping raises the interfacial recombination of the device but more importantly improves the perovskite morphology, enlarging grain size and reducing the density of bulk defects and the bulk recombination. In the case of 0.75 mol% of doping, the bene?cial e?ects do not just compensate for the deleterious one but increase performance further. Therefore, 0.75 mol% Co doping results in a signi?cant improvement in the performance of NiOx-based inverted planar perovskite solar cells, and represents a good compromise to synthesize, and deposit, the inorganic material at low temperature, without losing the performance, due to the strong impact on the structural properties of the perovskite. This work highlights the importance of the interface from two di?erent points of view, electrical and structural, recognizing the role of a low doping Co concentration, as a key to improve the inverted perovskite-based solar cells’ performance.
关键词： hole transport material,inverted planar perovskite solar cell,perovskite morphology,Co-doped NiOx,electrical conductivity
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Stretchable Hole Extraction Layer for Improved Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Flexibility and stretchability of solar cells are crucial factors for enhancing their real-life application for wearable devices. Although poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been conventionally employed as a hole extraction layer (HEL) in flexible organic or perovskite solar cells, the inherent stretchability of PEDOT:PSS has yet to be convinced. Here, we report a highly stretchable and mechanically stable PEDOT:PSS-based thin film and its application on flexible perovskite solar cells. We synthesized a chemically linked copolymer, P(SS-co-TFPMA), consisting of PSS and tetrafluoropropylmethacrylate (TFPMA), followed by graft-copolymerization with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) to form a P(SS-co-TFPMA)-g-PEGMA dopant for the PEDOT HEL. The PEDOT:P(SS-co-TFPMA)-g-PEGMA (PEDOT:PTP) copolymer solution has excellent homogeneity and high phase stability and its developed HEL film exhibits outstanding stretching capability. After stretching of 300%, PEDOT:PTP films sustain conductivity of over 80% of its original conductivity whereas the conventional PEDOT:PSS films completely lose their conductivity after the strain of 300 %. In addition, the PEDOT:PTP incorporated flexible perovskite solar cells exhibited improved mechanical stability compared with the unassisted cells, retaining 92% of the initial power conversion efficiency after 1500 bending cycles at a 7 mm radius.
关键词： PEDOT:PTP,Stretchable,PEDOT:PSS,Hole extraction layer,Flexible,poly(ethylene glycol)methylacrylate
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Nona??Conjugated Polymer Based on Polyethylene Backbone as Dopanta??Free Holea??Transporting Material for Efficient and Stable Inverted Quasia??2D Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Novel non-conjugated polymer based on polyethylene backbone, PVCz-OMeTPA with suitable energy levels, good hole mobility as well as excellent film-forming ability assisting the formation of high-quality perovskite films, is developed as efficient dopant-free hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for inverted quasi-2D perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Quasi-2D PSCs using ultra-thin, dopant-free PVCz-OMeTPA as HTM exhibited excellent power conversion efficiency of 17.22% and long-term environmental stability.
关键词： low-cost,quasi-2D perovskite solar cells,main-chain non-conjugated polymer,dopant-free hole-transporting materials
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology] Air-Stable Inverted Organic Light-Emitting Diodes || Carrier Injection Mechanism
摘要： Both hole and electron injection layers are commonly used in recent OLEDs to reduce the injection barrier between electrodes and organic layers. This injection barrier originates from the energy difference between the work function (WF) of the electrode and the energy level of the organic layer. For instance, the hole injection barrier is defined as the energy difference between the Fermi level of the anode and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of the organic layer on the anode, as shown in Fig. 4.1a. Thus, an ideal hole injection material is the material that can make the surface WF of the anode larger (Fig. 4.1b). On the other hand, an ideal electron injection material is the material that can make the surface WF of the cathode smaller (Fig. 4.1c).
关键词： energy level alignment,OLEDs,electron injection,hole injection,work function
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Decoupling Contributions of Chargea??Transport Interlayers to Lighta??Induced Degradation of pa??ia??n Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated impressive performance, while their operation stability still requires substantial improvements before this technology can be successfully commercialized. There is a growing evidence that stability of PSCs is strongly dependent on the interface chemistry between the absorber films and adjacent charge transport layers, while the exact mechanistic pathways remain poorly understood. Here we present a systematic approach for decoupling the degradation effects induced by the top electron transport layer (ETL) of the fullerene derivative PC61BM and various bottom hole-transport layer (HTL) materials assembled in p-i-n perovskite solar cells configurations. We show that chemical interaction of MAPbI3 absorber with PC61BM most aggressively affects the operation stability of solar cells. However, washing away the degraded fullerene derivative and depositing fresh ETL leads to restoration of the initial photovoltaic performance when bottom perovskite/HTL interface is not degraded. Following this approach and refreshing ETL after light soaking of the samples and before completing the solar cell architectures, we were able to compare the photostability of stacks with various HTLs. It has been shown that PEDOT:PSS and NiOx induce significant degradation of the adjacent perovskite layer under light exposure, while PTAA provides the most stable perovskite/HTL interface. ToF-SIMS analysis of fresh and aged samples allowed us to identify chemical origins of the interactions between MAPbI3 and HTLs. The proposed research methodology and the revealed degradation pathways should facilitate future development of efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
关键词： hole transporting materials,perovskite solar cells,TOF-SIMS,stability,interfacial degradation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Dopant-free hole transporting materials with supramolecular interactions and reverse diffusion for efficient and modular p-i-n perovskite solar cells
摘要： The rational design of dopant-free organic hole-transporting layer (HTL) materials is still a challenge for realizing high-efficient and stable p-i-n planar perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs). Here, we synthesized two π-conjugated small-molecule HTL materials through tailoring the backbone and conjugated side chain to carefully control molecular conformation. The resultant BDT-TPA-sTh containing a planar fused benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT) core and a conjugated thiophene side chain showed the planar conformation. X-ray crystallography showed a favorable stacking model in solid states under the parallel-displaced π-π and additional S-π weak-bond supramolecular interactions, thus achieving an obviously increased hole mobility without dopants. As an HTL material in p-i-n planar pero-SCs, the marginal solubility of BDT-TPA-sTh enabled inverse diffusion into the perovskite precursor solution for assisting the subsequent perovskite film growth and passivating the uncoordinated Pb2+ ion defects. As a result, the planar p-i-n pero-SCs exhibited a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.5% and enhanced moisture stability. Importantly, the BDT-TPA-sTh HTL material also showed weak thickness-photovoltaic dependence, and the pero-SCs with blade-coated BDT-TPA-sTh as a HTL achieved a 15.30% PCE for the 1-cm2 modularized device. This HTL material design strategy is expected to pave the way toward high-performance, dopant-free and printing large-area planar p-i-n pero-SCs.
关键词： hole-transporting materials,p-i-n planar perovskite solar cells,reverse diffusion,supramolecular interactions
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Efficiency enhancement of TiOx electron-transporting layer-based ultrathin p-type c-Si solar cell by reactive sputtering of backside MoOx hole-transporting contact
摘要： The importance of efficient carrier selective transport at the backside contact significantly increases with thickness reduction of c-Si solar cells. Here, MoOx backside hole-transporting layer is fabricated on TiOx electron-transporting layer-based ultrathin c-Si solar cell with a final configuration of Ag/ITO/Mg/TiOx/45 μm p-type c-Si/MoOx/Ag by reactive magnetron sputtering method at room temperature. The effects of oxygen ratio and sputtering power on the film phase, bandgap, and surface roughness are investigated. Moreover, the contact performance between Ag and p-type c-Si is systematically studied and optimized by MoOx insertion. Based on the optimized MoOx thin film, the obtained totally dopant-free cell shows an enhancement of all cell parameters with a resultant high efficiency of 12.81%, which is about 12.8% relatively higher than that of conventional backside p+-based one (11.36%). In the combination of experiment and simulation processes, better performance of MoOx-based cell can be ascribed to the improvement of both electrical and optical performances of the device. The realization of MoOx-based contact at room temperature enables the solar cell fabrication under planar state possible, which can greatly avoid the bowing effect and reduce the yield losses and energy consumption during the fabrication of ultrathin c-Si solar cells.
关键词： reactive sputtering,c-Si solar cell,hole-transporting contact,MoOx,TiOx
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals as Hole Transporting Layer for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) are synthesized through a simple metal-free, cost-effective approach. The strategized synchronization of electron-rich phenoxazine with benzimidazolium iodide (OIPC-I) and bromide (OIPC-Br) salts lead to enhanced hole mobility and conductivity of OIPCs which is suitable for an efficient alternative to conventional organic hole transporting materials (HTMs) for stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The fabricated PSCs with OIPC-I as hole transporting layer yielded a power conversion efficiency of 15.0% and 18.1% without and with additive (Li salt) respectively, which are comparable with spiro-OMeTAD based devices prepared under similar conditions. Furthermore, the PSCs with OIPCs show good stability compared to the spiro-OMeTAD with or without additives. Here, first time benzimidazolium-based OIPCs have been used as an alternative organic HTM for perovskite solar cells, which opens a window for the design of effective OIPCs for highly efficient PSCs with long-term stability.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,organic ionic plastic crystals,phenoxazine donor,hole transporting materials
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Bis(4-methylthio)phenyl)amine-based hole transport materials for highly-efficient perovskite solar cells: insight into the carrier ultrafast dynamics and interfacial transport
摘要： Hole transport layers (HTLs) play a significant role in the performance of perovskite solar cells. A new class of linear small-molecules based on bis(4-methylthio)phenyl)amine as an end group, carbon, oxygen and sulfur as the center atoms for the center unit (denoted as MT-based small-molecule), respectively, have been applied as HTL, and two of them presented the efficiency over 20% in the planar inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which demonstrated a significant improvement in comparison with the widely used HTL, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (known as PEDOT:PSS), in the planar inverted architecture. The ultrafast carrier dynamics show that the excited hot carrier cooling process of MT-based small-molecule HTL samples is faster than that of PEDOT:PSS samples. The kinetic analysis of photo-bleaching peaks of femtosecond transient absorption spectra reveals that the traps at the interface between MT-based small-molecule HTLs and MAPbI3 can be filled much quicker than that at PEDOT/MAPbI3 interfaces. Moreover, the hole injection time from MAPbI3 to MT-based small-molecule HTLs is around 10 times quicker than that to PEDOT:PSS. Such quick trap filling and hole extraction bring a significant enhancement in photovoltaic performances. These findings uncover the carrier transport mechanisms and illuminate a promising approach for the design of new HTLs for highly-efficient perovskite solar cells.
关键词： hole transport layer,perovskite solar cell,ultrafast carrier dynamics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01