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Optical Transparent Antenna Array Integrated with Solar Cell
摘要： We present the experimental implementation of an all-optical ROADM scheme for routing of an individual subchannel within an all-optical OFDM superchannel. The different functions required of optical node were demonstrated using interferometric technique with the extraction, drop, and addition of individual subchannel in a ten subchannels optically aggregated signal. The scheme we reported enables a fully ?exible node compatible with future terabit per second superchannel transmission.
关键词： interferometer,optical communication,all-optical OFDM,All-optical node,?exible optical networks,subcarrier multiplexing
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Impact of Perovskite Composition on Film Formation Quality and Photophysical Properties for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： In recent years, ?exible perovskite solar cells have drawn tremendous attention in the ?eld of wearable devices, and optimization of perovskite composition plays an important role in improving ?lm quality and photophysical properties. At present, some researchers have only studied A-site organic cations mixing or X-site halide anions mixing in the ABX3 structure of perovskite, but there are few reports on co-mixing of A-site and X-site ions in ?exible perovskite solar cells. In this paper, we mainly try to study the e?ects of di?erent concentrations of mixed formamidine methylamine halide (FAxMA1-xBrxClyI1-x-y) precursor solutions on the quality and photophysical properties of perovskite ?lms under low temperature process. We conclude that the ?lm quality and photophysical properties reached the best results when the optimized precursor solution concentration was 60:6:6. The investigation on composition optimization in this experiment laid the foundation for the improvement of the performance of ?exible perovskite solar cells. We also use the results of this experiment to prepare ?exible perovskite solar cells based on carbon electrodes, which are expected to be applied in other ?exible optoelectronic or electro-optical devices.
关键词： photophysical properties,perovskite composition,?lm quality,?exible perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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“Paper Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell” Based on Carbon-Nanotube-Composite Papers
摘要： We propose a paper solar cell based on carbon nanotube (CNT)-composite papers. To fabricate this cell, we use dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) for generating power through the redox reaction of dyes in conjunction with CNT-composite papers, which are composite materials containing CNTs and pulp (raw paper material) that can be fabricated easily by using a method based on the Japanese washi papermaking technique. The demand for CNT applications is expected to increase due to their high conductivity and metallic or semiconducting characteristics. This CNT-composite paper can also have metallic or semiconducting characteristics based on the contained CNTs in the composite paper. We previously fabricated a DSC that generates electricity by using CNT-composite papers stacked in a typical DSC structure. However, the conversion e?ciency of this DSC was just 0.188%, which is not practical. To overcome this low power generation issue, we tried improving the DSC structure by applying electrodes to the CNT-composite papers in grid patterns for e?cient current collection and applying an optimally mixed dye for e?cient electron excitation. Results showed that the conversion e?ciency improved to 0.58%. Moreover, we demonstrated that using a mixed dye can improve the conversion e?ciency of the paper DSC. We expect these types of CNT-composite papers to be used as material for new DSCs.
关键词： dye,carbon-nanotube-composite paper,carbon nanotube,dye-sensitized solar cell,paper,?exible device
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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External Electromagnet FPCB Micromirror for Large Angle Laser Scanning
摘要： An external electromagnet plus moving PM (permanent magnet) FPCB (?exible printed circuit board) micromirror is proposed in this paper that can overcome two limitations associated with the previous FPCB micromirror with a con?guration of an external PM plus moving coil, i.e., (1) it reduces the overall width beyond the mirror plate, and (2) increases the maximum rotation angle. The micromirror has two external electromagnets underneath an FPCB structure (two torsion beams and a middle seat) with two moving PM discs attached to the back and a metal-coated mirror plate bonded to the front of the FPCB middle seat. Modeling and simulation were introduced, and the prototype was fabricated and tested to verify the design. The achieved performance was better than that of the previous design: a maximum resonant rotation angle of 62 (optical) at a driving voltage of ±3 V with a frequency of 191 Hz, the required extra width beyond the mirror plate was 6 mm, and an aperture of 8 mm × 5.5 mm with a roughness of <10 nm and a ?atness of >10 m (ROC, radius of curvature). The previous FPCB micromirror’s performance was: strain limited maximum rotation angle was 40 (optical), the extra width beyond the mirror plate was 14.7 mm, and had an aperture of 4 mm × 4 mm with a similar roughness and ?atness.
关键词： ?exible printed circuit board (FPCB) micromirror,large aperture,high ?atness,moving permanent magnet (PM),external electromagnet
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Efficacy and Complication of Flexible Ureteroscopic Holmium Laser Incision for Simple Renal Cysts: A Retrospective Study
摘要： Objective: The aim of this research was to verify the ef?cacy and complication of ?exible ureteroscopic holmium laser incision for simple renal cysts (SRCs). Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 116 patients who not only had done ?exible ureteroscopic holmium laser incision or laparoscopic decortication for SRC in our institution but also had suf?cient data: preoperative information and >1-year follow-up records. The following variables were recorded: age, gender, side, cyst size, location (upper pole, lower pole, and interpolar), blood loss, operative duration, complications during and after surgery, pathology report, and presence or absence of ?ank pain. The primary endpoint was the ef?cacy of the treatment; secondary endpoints were safety, pain, and the resolution of other complications. All patients underwent radiologic imaging of the kidneys with a repeated CT, before the operation, 3 and 12 months after surgery. If there were no cysts on the most recent imaging, we de?ned it as a radiologic success. Results: No statistically signi?cant difference in the background variable in patients of group A (64 patients, ?exible ureteroscopic holmium laser incision) and group B (52 patients, laparoscopic decortication) was found, including age, gender, cyst’s side, cyst’s location, and cyst size before the operation. There were less blood loss by surgeons’ evaluation and shorter operative duration ( p < 0.001) in group A. In group A, there were three patients who had failed in the ?rst time of operation (two patients failed to place ?exible ureteroscope through ureter because of ureteral stricture, and one patient was unable to ?nd the renal cyst in the view of ?exible ureteroscope), and no severe postoperative complication was observed. The number of postoperative radiologic failure was ?ve at 3 months and three at 12 months in group A, whereas all the procedures were completed laparoscopically, and no conversion was necessary for group B. But there was one patient who had obvious hematuresis for 1 month after the operation and then it was resolved spontaneously at 3 months. There was only one patient who had a radiologic failure in group B, with the cyst of *2 cm at 3 months, and his cyst cannot be seen in CT imaging at 12 months without further treatment. There was no statistically signi?cant difference in the rate of effective operation and complication between the two groups. Conclusion: The operation of ?exible ureteroscopic holmium laser incision for SRC had the advantages of less blood loss, short operation time, with a similar rate of operative success and radiologic success after the operation, compared with the process of laparoscopic decortication. It was a good option for urologists to deal with endogenous renal cysts.
关键词： laparoscopic decortication,simple renal cysts,?exible ureteroscopic holmium laser incision
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Coupled FPEDs using springs for broadband energy harvesting
摘要： In this paper, ?exible piezoelectric devices (FPEDs) connected by springs are discussed with the aim of improving operational bandwidth of an energy harvesting system. A theoretical method, based on beam theory, electromechanical coupling and the transfer matrix method, is presented for calculating displacement and voltage responses. Validity of the presented method is discussed by comparison with experimental results, which are obtained from coupled FPEDs excited by a shaker. The e?ects on system behaviour of attaching springs is discussed based on both the presented method and experimental results.
关键词： ?exible piezoelectric device,forced vibration,theoretical analysis method,engine vibration,Piezoelectric ?lm,renewable energy
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Bending Limit Tests for Ultra-Thin Liquid Crystal Polymer Substrate Based on Flexible Microwave Components
摘要： In this paper, bending limit tests for one ultra-thin liquid crystal polymer (LCP) substrate (Rogers 3850) based on the mechanical properties of ?exible microwave microstrip components are presented. First, a set of 50 ? microstrip lines, a band-pass ?lter, and a stepped impedance ?lter in X-band, are designed by using double clapped LCPs with 50 μm thickness of substrate and 18 μm thickness of copper, which is fabricated by conventional photolithography. Then, the limit tests of the ?exibility of the LCP microwave microstrip components are presented, and the range of the bending limit radius, from 1 mm to 0.75 mm, is demonstrated from the testing results. It is found that the cause for component failure is fracture of the copper (18 μm thickness) laminate, according to the bending limit test experiments. Finally, the analysis of the reasons for the collapse of the microwave components, under bending situations, is explored. The results from this work would be useful for further designs of the ?exible microwave devices and systems on LCP substrates, with compact sizes and good performance.
关键词： microwave components,?exible ?lters,bending limit test,bending effect,LCP substrate
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Electrochemical Effects of Depositing Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles onto Conductive Woven and Nonwoven Flexible Substrates
摘要： This Article reports methods to deposit iridium oxide nanoparticles (IrOx NPs) onto ?exible materials for charge storage and the stable charge?discharge mechanism. In this work, IrOx NPs were electrodeposited onto commercially available ?exible surfaces of both knit and nonwoven cotton and nonwoven carbon-based (carbon nanotubes and graphene) textile substrates. Carbon-coated cotton materials were fabricated by reducing graphene oxide on fabric. Flexible electrode materials were fabricated by either reducing graphene oxide on cotton fabric or binding carbon nanotubes/graphene into a free-standing platform. The IrOx NPs were then electrodeposited onto ?exible platform samples by applying a positive potential to the fabric. After deposition, the resultant speci?c capacitance of the materials increased within the range from 192% to 2747% and was stable for over 1000 charge and discharge cycles.
关键词： ?exible materials,iridium oxide nanoparticles,?exible substrates,electrodeposition
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[Institution of Engineering and Technology 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - London, UK (9-13 April 2018)] 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - Roll-to-roll Reverse Offset Printing of Millimeter-wave Transmission Lines and Antennas on Flexible Substrates
摘要： We investigate the feasibility of roll-to-roll reverse offset (R2R-RO) printing technology for the mass fabrication of millimeter-wave antennas on ?exible substrates. In this study, samples of coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines and microstrip patch antennas were manufactured and measured. The results indicate that the R2R-RO printing technique can be an excellent candidate for the production of millimeter-wave and terahertz devices, since it has the advantage of low cost and high resolution.
关键词： ?exible substrate,roll-to-roll printing,antenna,millimeter wave,measurement
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Nematic liquid crystals of bifunctional patchy spheres
摘要： Anisotropic interactions can bring about the formation, through self-assembly, of semi-?exible chains, which in turn can give rise to nematic phases for suitable temperatures and concentrations. A minimalist model constituted of hard cylinders decorated with attractive sites has been already extensively studied numerically. Simulation data shows that a theoretical approach recently proposed is able to properly capture the physical properties of these self-assembly–driven liquid crystals. Here, we investigated a simpler model constituted of bifunctional Kern-Frenkel hard spheres which does not possess steric anisotropy but which can undergo a istropic-nematic transition as a result of their self-assembly into semi-?exible chains. For this model we compare an accurate numerical estimate of isotropic-nematic phase boundaries with theoretical predictions. The theoretical treatment, originally proposed for cylinder-like particles, has been greatly simpli?ed and its predictions are in good agreement with numerical results. Finally, we also assess a crucial, and not obvious, hypothesis used in the theory, i.e. the ability of the Onsager trial function to properly model particle orientation in the presence of aggregation, that has not been properly checked yet.
关键词： nematic phases,semi-?exible chains,Kern-Frenkel hard spheres,Anisotropic interactions,self-assembly,Onsager trial function,isotropic-nematic transition
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14