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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting - Atlanta, GA, USA (2019.7.7-2019.7.12)] 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting - Grounded Coplanar Waveguide-Fed Millimeter Wave Volumetric Pyramidal Horn on LTCC
摘要： There is a strong interest to implement antenna-in-package (AiP) systems for a variety of applications such as imaging, beamforming, integrated transceivers, and radars. Substrate integrated horn antennas are valuable AiP candidates due to their small form factor, ease of integration, and high gain. Alternatively, a volumetric packaging approach can significantly reduce the antenna’s form factor and enhance the gain. For the first time, in this paper, we present a 94 GHz low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) integrated volumetric pyramidal horn antenna. Using a vertical LTCC approach, a GCPW-fed single horn antenna was designed. Results show that the antenna operates from 91.6 GHz to 95.6 GHz for S11 <10 dB, with a realized gain of 8.7 dBi.
关键词： Antenna in Package,Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC),Volumetric Horn Antenna,94 GHz
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 15th European Radar Conference (EuRAD) - Madrid, Spain (2018.9.26-2018.9.28)] 2018 15th European Radar Conference (EuRAD) - Differential Multi-Layer Compact Grid Antenna Array for 79 GHz Automotive Radar Applications
摘要： A novel wide band compact grid antenna array is developed for 79 GHz MIMO radar applications. The key issue is the stable radiation pattern with flat gain characteristic along the whole frequency bandwidth, which is very advantageous for the targeted radar applications. The antenna is taped out with the new high resolution multi-layer PCB technology, called “Any-Layer PCB”. This technology provides the possibility to stack micro-vias in PCB boards and reduce the fabrication cost compared to other multi-layer technologies in mm-wave bands. With this feature, the width of the array has been compacted with 17.2%, which leads to a higher side lobe suppression and an enhancement of the field of view in radar applications. A combined impedance and 3-dB gain band width of 9.6% is achieved. The gain and SLL are 13.52 dB and -14 dB at 79 GHz, respectively.
关键词： radar applications,multi-layer PCB technology,79 GHz radar,grid antenna array,millimeter wave
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A compact omnidirectional dual-circinal rectenna for 2.45?GHz wireless power transfer
摘要： A compact dual-circinal rectenna with omnidirectional characteristic is designed for microwave wireless power transmission at 2.45 GHz. A novel dual-circinal receiving antenna with the reflection coefficient of ?32.5 dB is proposed which is formed by expanding folded curves. By designing an impedance matching network with a 60 (cid:1) radial stub and a single stub, a rectifier is presented with the maximum efficiency of 55.6 % and the output dc voltage of 1.19 V under the input power of 0 dBm. Simulation and measurements have been carried out for the antenna and the rectifier. The measured results agree well with the simulated value. The results of rectenna experiment show that the maximum conversion efficiency is 51% at 2.45 GHz when the input power is 0 dBm. The proposed rectenna has the characteristics of compact size and omnidirectional harvesting which are advantageous in RF energy harvesting applications.
关键词： 2.45 GHz,wireless power transfer,dual-circinal rectenna,omnidirectional,compact
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Growth of pure and BFO doped KCl crystals by Czochralski technique and fabrication of microstrip patch antenna for GHz applications
摘要： Large sized pure and 0.1 mol% BiFeO3 (BFO) doped KCl single crystals were grown by Czochralski technique. Structural parameters were confirmed by powder XRD and single crystal XRD. EDX analysis was used to determine the elemental composition of BFO and KCl crystal. Photoluminescence confirmed that BFO acts as defect quenching agent for KCl single crystal which improved its optical transparency. Doping of BFO in KCl single crystal increased its hardness as measured by a Vicker’s microhardness test. The effect of BFO on dielectric constant and dielectric loss of KCl crystal, at various temperature and frequencies was studied. The low dielectric constant viz. 4.5 and 5.8 for pure and BFO doped KCl was helpful in designing and fabricating patch antenna in GHz frequency. As a result of BFO doping, the resonant frequency of microstrip patch antenna can be tuned at 5.40 GHz from 6.01 GHz for the KCl single crystal.
关键词： Czochralski technique,GHz applications,microstrip patch antenna,BiFeO3 (BFO),KCl single crystal
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Full W-Band GaN Power Amplifier MMICs Using a Novel Type of Broadband Radial Stub
摘要： In this paper, we describe the design of the first reported full W-band (75–110 GHz) power amplifier (PA) monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) based on gallium nitride technology. The discussed MMICs come in two versions. Over a bandwidth (BW) of 70–110 GHz, the three-stage PA can deliver, on average, 25.6 dBm with a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 6.5%, while the four-stage PA is able to generate 27 dBm with a PAE of 6.1%. A peak output power of 28.6 dBm is achieved at 80 GHz with a PAE of 8.6%, which corresponds to a power density of 2.6 W/mm. The significant BW was achieved partially by incorporating a novel type of broadband radial stub into the design, which can provide nearly a twofold rejection-BW improvement over the conventional version. To the best of our knowledge, no other solid-state circuit can deliver such power levels over the complete W-band.
关键词： monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC),Broadband,power amplifier (PA),high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT),W-band (75–110 GHz),radial stub,gallium nitride,millimeter-waves (mm-waves)
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE 2018 15th European Radar Conference (EuRAD) - Madrid, Spain (2018.9.26-2018.9.28)] 2018 15th European Radar Conference (EuRAD) - Image-Based Pedestrian Classification for 79 GHz Automotive Radar
摘要： Radar sensors have become an integral part of advanced driver assistance systems. Merely detecting targets will not, however, advance their contribution. Rather, an object classification capability is required to distinguish vulnerable road users from other objects, such as vehicles. In this paper, we present a novel pedestrian classification procedure, which uses image features from the range-Doppler-Matrix created by a 79 GHz chirp sequence radar. Experiments show single measurement success rates of 88% for a bandwidth of 1.6 GHz. Moreover, the robustness of the classification process is consolidated with a tracking algorithm. Implemented in vehicles, this can be a major contribution to protect vulnerable road users.
关键词： machine learning,79 GHz,chirp sequence,automotive radar,pedestrian classification,SURF
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Design, Development & Functional Validation of Magnets system in support of 42 GHz Gyrotron in India
摘要： A multi institutional initiative is underway towards the development of 42 GHz, 200 kW gyrotron system in India under the frame work of Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. Indigenous realization comprising of design, fabrication, prototypes and functional validations of an appropriate Magnet System is one of the primary technological objective of these initiatives. The 42 GHz gyrotron magnet system comprises of a warm gun magnet, a NbTi/Cu based high homogenous superconducting cavity magnet and three warm collector magnets. The superconducting cavity magnet has been housed inside a low loss cryostat. The magnet system has been designed in accordance with gyrotron physics and engineering considerations respecting highly homogenous spatial field profile as well as maintaining steep gradient as per the compression and velocity ratios between the emission and resonator regions. The designed magnet system further ensures the co-linearity of the magnetic axis with that of the beam axis with custom winding techniques apart from a smooth collection of beam with the collector magnet profiles. The designed magnets have been wound after several R & D validations. The superconducting magnet has been housed inside a low loss designed cryostat with in-built radial and axial alignment flexibilities to certain extent. The cryostat further houses liquid helium port, liquid nitrogen ports, current communication ports, ports for monitoring helium level and other instrumentations apart from over-pressure safety intensive burst disks etc. The entire magnet system comprising of warm and superconducting magnets has been installed and integrated in the Gyrotron test set-up. The magnet system has been aligned in both warm and when the superconducting cavity magnet is cold. The integrated geometric axes have been experimentally ensured as well as the field profiles have been measured with the magnets being charged. Under experimental conditions, all magnets including the superconducting magnet have been charged to their nominal values with appropriate protection measures against the quench. This is the first time in India that a gyrotron specific magnet system with superconducting magnet has been realized.
关键词： India,Superconducting Magnet,42 GHz Gyrotron,Gyrotron Test Set-up,Magnet System
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Miniaturized Wideband Coupler for 60-GHz Band in 65-nm CMOS Technology
摘要： A compact and wideband coupler for the 60-GHz frequency band applications using 65-nm CMOS technology is presented. By meandering the coupled line, a miniaturized coupler can be obtained. The proposed coupler achieves a measured insertion loss between the input port and the through port (S21) of 6.3 dB and between the input port and the coupled port (S31) of 5.6 dB at 60 GHz. The measured amplitude imbalance and phase difference are 0.75 dB and 92°, respectively, at 60 GHz. Overall, the proposed coupler can achieve a measured amplitude imbalance of <1 dB, phase imbalance of <4°, return loss, and isolation better than 13 and 20 dB, respectively, from 50 to 67 GHz. In addition, the proposed coupler occupies a core area of only 156 μm × 157 μm (0.024 mm2).
关键词： millimeter wave,60 GHz,coupler
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Comparison of on-wafer TRL calibration to ISS SOLT calibration with open-short de-embedding up to 500 GHz
摘要： Sub-mm circuit design requires accurate on-wafer characterization of passive and active devices. In industry, characterization of these devices is often performed with off-wafer SOLT calibration. In this work, validity of this characterization procedure above 110 GHz is investigated by an exhaustive study of on-wafer and alumina off-wafer calibration using measurement and electromagnetic (EM) simulation up to 500 GHz. The EM simulation is performed at two different levels, first at the intrinsic level of the devices under test for reference and afterward up to the probe level to simulate different standards used in the off-wafer calibration or in the on-wafer calibration in presence of the probe. Further, EM simulation data is calibrated with the same procedures and tools that is used in the measurement; therefore, it includes the probe-to-substrate coupling. In addition, precise EM model of a commercial impedance standard substrate (ISS) is developed and used to perform the SOLT calibration. A good agreement is observed between measurement and EM modelling for the off-wafer calibration as well as for the on-wafer calibration. Results clearly highlights a limitation of alumina off-wafer methodology above 200 GHz for characterization of Silicon based technologies. Finally a discussion is given on the pros and cons of the off-wafer and on-wafer methodologies.
关键词： probe station,calibration,S-parameter measurement,TRL,THz,SiGe HBT,on-wafer,500 GHz,SOLT
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 48th European Microwave Conference (EuMC) - Madrid, Spain (2018.9.23-2018.9.27)] 2018 48th European Microwave Conference (EuMC) - A Scalable Dual-Polarized 256-Element Ku-Band SATCOM Phased-Array Transmitter with 36.5 dBW EIRP Per Polarization
摘要： This paper presents a Ku-band dual-polarized transmit phased-array with 256-elements spaced λ/2 apart at 14 GHz in the x and y directions. The design is based on 64 silicon quad-core transmit chips with 8 channels, and these chips are used to feed a 2x2 quad antennas with dual polarizations. The output P1dB per channel is 12 dBm at 14 GHz. The silicon core-chips are flipped directly on a 12-layer low-cost printed circuit board (PCB) with stacked patch antennas and Wilkinson dividers. The 256-element phased-array results in a measured EIRP of 64.5 dBm and 66.5 dBm at P1dB and Psat, respectively, at normal incidence, per polarization. Measured patterns show a scan region of ±60° in E- and H-planes with low sidelobes and near-ideal patterns. The design achieves a cross polarization level < -27 dB up to ±45° and < -23 dB at ±60° scan angle, in both planes. The array is scalable to allow the construction of large-scale phased-arrays (1024 elements or more). To our knowledge, this represents state-of-the-art in Ku-band transmit phased-arrays in terms of integration level making it suitable for a low-cost mobile Ku-band SATCOM terminal.
关键词： silicon,phased arrays,transmit,SATCOM,antenna,beamforming,Ku-Band,PCB,14 GHz,SiGe,flip-chip
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14