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Tin halide perovskite films made of highly oriented 2D crystals enable more efficient and stable lead-free perovskite solar cells
摘要： Low toxicity and an ideal energy bandgap make 2D Ruddlesden-Popper tin-based halide perovskites a promising photovoltaic material. However, the disordered crystal orientation and the oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ still need to be addressed. Here, we demonstrate that the annealing of FASnI3 assisted by phenyl ethyl ammonium chloride enables the formation of more ordered 2D tin-based perovskite crystals oriented vertically. We use in-situ synchrotron-based grazing incident X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) to correlate the higher crystal orientation to the better device performance. We measured a maximum power conversion efficiency of >9%. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the phenyl ethyl ammonium chloride acts as a barrier layer at the surface of the crystals protecting the tin from the oxidation. Hence, this work paves the way for more efficient and stable lead-free perovskite solar cells.
关键词： phenyl ethyl ammonium chloride,photovoltaic material,crystal orientation,lead-free perovskite solar cells,oxidation of Sn2+,2D Ruddlesden-Popper tin-based halide perovskites,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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AIP Conference Proceedings [AIP Publishing 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONDENSED MATTER AND APPLIED PHYSICS (ICC-2019) - Bikaner, India (14a??15 October 2019)] 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONDENSED MATTER AND APPLIED PHYSICS (ICC-2019) - Computational study on 8-quinolinolato-alkali, an electron transporting material for OLED devices
摘要： Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) materials have occupied significance in device applications due to their lightweight, thin, quick switching speed, flexible, easy to fabricate and low-cost features. The 8-quinolinolato-lithium (Liq) is commonly used as an electron injector in the layer of OLEDs. Herein, we study 8-quinolinolato-sodium (Naq) and 8-quinolinolato-potassium (Kq) and compare them with Liq using density functional theory approach. We analyze the molecular structure of 8-quinolinolate-alkali (Mq) for M = Li, Na and K and notice that the structure of Mq remains planar for all the three substitutions. The increased dipole moments of Mq with the change of substitution (M) suggest that its enhanced solubility in polar solvents, which tends to reduce the electron injection barrier. Furthermore, the higher polarizability of Naq and Kq indicates that the molecule is chemically more reactive than Liq and therefore, is expected to respond quickly when the field is applied. Moreover, the electron affinities of Mq increase with the substitution of Na and K, which is also desirable for improved electron transport behavior. However, the reorganization energy of Naq and Kq is slightly higher than that of Liq, which is not desirable for the transport of charge carriers in OLED devices. Therefore, the findings of this study demand further assessment for the application of Naq and Kq instead of Liq in OLED devices.
关键词： electron transporting material,8-quinolinolato-alkali,density functional theory,OLED
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Study on the improvement of p-type multi-crystalline silicon material for solar cells by the hydrogenation with electron injection
摘要： In this paper, we have found that the ef?ciency of p-type mono-crystalline silicon (mono-Si) passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) solar cells can be increased by 0.12%abs. with the process of hydrogenation with electron injection (HEI). However, the same scheme was not suitable for p-type multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cells. To promote power conversion ef?ciency (PCE) for the mc-Si solar cells, we have explored a developed HEI process for the mc-Si solar cells to improve the device performance. Meanwhile, we also analysed the mechanization inside the solar cells after applying the HEI process. Through the design of experiment (DOE), the correlation among injection current, temperature, injection time and ef?ciency improvement was analysed in detail. It was proved that mc-Si solar cells require higher current injection and temperature to passivate the complex impurities in the bulk, when compared to mono-Si solar cells. With the optimal scheme explored by this paper, the open circuit voltage (Uoc), short circuit current density (Jsc) and ?ll factor (FF) of p-type mc-Si solar cells, respectively, increased by 1.2 mV, 0.11 mA cm?2 and 0.05%abs., respectively. The ef?ciency was improved about 0.11 ± 0.005%abs.. These results will provide a certain method and basis for further improving the ef?ciency of mc-Si PERC cells and overcoming the light-elevated temperature-induced degradation by HEI process.
关键词： Hydrogenation,ef?ciency improvement,p-type mc-Si material,solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Development of metal matrix composites by laser-assisted additive manufacturing technologies: a review
摘要： Metal matrix composites (MMCs) generally possess superior properties than the monotonic matrix alloys, and thus, they have become excellent candidate materials in various applications. Also, the ability of property tailoring at an affordable cost is of particular importance to industries. Among the many manufacturing techniques for MMCs, laser-assisted additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have emerged and drawn increasing attention in the past decade. In the literature, a wealth of studies have been carried out on the synthesis of MMCs via laser-assisted AM techniques, as well as the property evaluation of the obtained MMCs. In this paper, we review and analyze the relevant literature and summarize the material preparation, optimization of process parameters, resultant improvements, and corresponding strengthening mechanisms for each major category of MMCs. Moreover, the limitations and challenges related to MMC synthesis using the laser-assisted AM techniques are discussed, and the future research directions are suggested to address those issues.
关键词： Laser-assisted additive manufacturing,Process parameters,Material preparation,Strengthening mechanisms,Metal matrix composites
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Phenylhydrazinium Iodide for Surface Passivation and Defects Suppression in Perovskite Solar Cell
摘要： In recent years, hybrid perovskite solar cells (HPSCs) have received considerable research attention due to their impressive photovoltaic performance and low-temperature solution processing capability. However, there remain challenges related to defect passivation and enhancing the charge carrier dynamics of the perovskites, to further increase the power conversion efficiency of HPSCs. In this work, the use of a novel material, phenylhydrazinium iodide (PHAI), as an additive in MAPbI3 perovskite for defect minimization and enhancement of the charge carrier dynamics of inverted HPSCs is reported. Incorporation of the PHAI in perovskite precursor solution facilitates controlled crystallization, higher carrier lifetime, as well as less recombination. In addition, PHAI additive treated HPSCs exhibit lower density of filled trap states (1010 cm?2) in perovskite grain boundaries, higher charge carrier mobility (≈11 × 10?4 cm2 V?1 s), and enhanced power conversion efficiency (≈18%) that corresponds to a ≈20% improvement in comparison to the pristine devices.
关键词： surface passivation,defect suppression,additive material,perovskite,solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A phase-change thin film-tuned photonic crystal device
摘要： This paper reports a tunable photonic device that incorporates a thin layer of phase-change material, Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), in a photonic crystal (PC) structure. The PC structure is based on a one-dimensional grating waveguide with a metal cladding. The metal-cladded PC structure supports a guided-mode resonance (GMR) that selectively absorbs light at a particular wavelength. Inserting the GST material into the gating waveguide makes it possible to control the GMR mode. Here, the GST-PC device was numerically designed and optimized to obtain significant tuning of the GMR mode around 1550 nm. The tuning phenomena were experimentally demonstrated by the heat-induced phase change between crystalline and amorphous phases of the GST thin film. A spectral shift of the resonant wavelength from 1440 nm to 1610 nm was achieved via the crystallization process. The phase tuning of GST exhibits good repeatability as demonstrated by switching between amorphous and crystalline phases of GST for multiple cycles. The GST-PC device represents a new approach for tuning optical resonances with potential applications including but not limited to integrated photonic circuits, optical communications, and high-performance optical filters.
关键词： tunable filter,Photonic crystal,phase-change material
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Nanocatalosomes as Plasmonic Bilayer Shells with Interlayer Catalytic Nanospaces for Solara??Lighta??Induced Reactions
摘要： Paramount interest and challenges remain in designing and synthesizing catalysts with nature-like complexities at few-nm scale to harness unprecedented functionalities by using sustainable solar light. We introduce “nanocatalosomes”— bio-inspired bilayer-vesicular design of nanoreactor with metallic bilayer hollow shell-in-shell structure, having numerous controllable confined cavities within few-nm interlayer space, customizable with different noble metals. The intershell-confined plasmonically-coupled hot-nanospaces within the few-nm cavities play pivotal role in harnessing synergistic catalytic effects for various transformations, as demonstrated by ‘acceptorless dehydrogenation’, ‘Suzuki-Miayura cross-coupling’ and ‘alkynyl-annulation’ affording clean conversions and TOF at least one order of magnitude higher than state-of-the-art Au-nanorod-based plasmonic-catalysts. This work paves the way towards next-generation nanoreactors, craftable at few-nm scale to maximize their functionality and customizable to carry out diverse chemical transformations efficiently with green solar energy.
关键词： hollow nanostructure,nanocatalyst,bilayer structure,plasmonic-catalytic material,nano-space confinement
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Nanocatalosomes as Plasmonic Bilayer Shells with Interlayer Catalytic Nanospaces for Solara??Lighta??Induced Reactions
摘要： Paramount interest and challenges remain in designing and synthesizing catalysts with nature-like complexities at few-nm scale to harness unprecedented functionalities by using sustainable solar light. We introduce “nanocatalosomes”— bio-inspired bilayer-vesicular design of nanoreactor with metallic bilayer hollow shell-in-shell structure, having numerous controllable confined cavities within few-nm interlayer space, customizable with different noble metals. The intershell-confined plasmonically-coupled hot-nanospaces within the few-nm cavities play pivotal role in harnessing synergistic catalytic effects for various transformations, as demonstrated by ‘acceptorless dehydrogenation’, ‘Suzuki-Miayura cross-coupling’ and ‘alkynyl-annulation’ affording clean conversions and TOF at least one order of magnitude higher than state-of-the-art Au-nanorod-based plasmonic-catalysts. This work paves the way towards next-generation nanoreactors, craftable at few-nm scale to maximize their functionality and customizable to carry out diverse chemical transformations efficiently with green solar energy.
关键词： hollow nanostructure,nanocatalyst,bilayer structure,plasmonic-catalytic material,nano-space confinement
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Performance enhancement of copper indium diselenide photovoltaic module using inorganic phase change material
摘要： The work presents the method to increase the electrical efficiency and power output of photovoltaic (PV) panel with the use of phase change material (PCM). CaCl2.6H2O–Fe3Cl2.6H2O eutectic has a suitable melting point and high latent heat for temperature regulation of PV panel. The work has been focused on the experimental setup and simulation heat extraction from the PV panel with the use of ANSYS software. A modification of copper indium diselenide (CIS) PV module from Solar Frontier (SF170-S) was made with a eutectic mixture (70:30) of calcium chloride hexahydrate (70%) and iron (III) chloride hexahydrate phase change material. The cell temperature of the PV panel with and without PCM was measured and compared for two typical days. The simulation of the PV-PCM systems comprising both PV panels was performed using ANSYS (fluent) software, followed by the comparison of the results actual experimental data. The experimental results show that the maximum temperature difference on the surface of PV panel without PCM was 9°C higher than that on the panel with PCM in a period of 1 day. Referring to experimental results, the calculation of the maximum and average increase of power gain was made for PV-PCM panel. Final results show that the electricity production of PV-PCM panel was higher for 96.55 Whr in a particular day of experimentation.
关键词： phase change material,ANSYS,electrical efficiency,power gain,photovoltaic module
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Single-step process of microstructural functionally graded Ti6Al4V by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
摘要： The objectives of this study are: (1) to verify whether using linear heat input alone is sufficient to predict the resulting microstructure of Ti6Al4V and (2) to demonstrate the potential of single-step process of functionally graded material using powder bed fusion. In laser powder bed fusion, linear heat input is defined as the ratio of laser power to scan speed. It is a key process variable that describes the unit energy input. Therefore, linear heat input has been extensively linked with the resulting microstructure. However, review of existing studies shows that when similar linear heat input was used, a marked difference in mechanical properties exists. Using proportionally changed laser power and scan speed in five zones, functionally graded specimens were fabricated in this study. All other parameters remain the same for these zones. Variation of microstructure and hardness across the five zones were obtained. This implies that linear heat input is not sufficient to determine the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties. The amplitude of laser power and scan speed has an effect on the resulting microstructure, so they need to be separately considered in future studies.
关键词： Linear heat input,Functionally graded material,Ti6Al4V,Microstructure,Powder bed fusion
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01