- 标题
- 摘要
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- 实验方案
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Development of low cost packaged fibre optic sensors for use in reinforced concrete structures
摘要： There is an ongoing need to measure strains in reinforced concrete structures more reliably and under a range of circumstances e.g. long term durability (such as effects of cracking and reinforcement corrosion), response to normal working loads and response under abnormal load conditions. Fibre optic sensors have considerable potential for this purpose and have the additional advantages, including of immunity to electromagnetic interference and light weight (Grattan et al, 2000). This is important in railway scenarios and particularly so when the lines are electrified. Their small size allows for easy installation. However, their use as commercial ‘packaged’ devices (traditionally seen as necessary to achieve adequate robustness) is limited by their high cost relative to other sensor devices such as encapsulated electric resistance strain gauges. This paper describes preliminary work to produce a cost-effective and easy-to-use technique for encapsulating fibre optic sensors in resin using 3D printing techniques to produce a robust, inexpensive ‘packaged’ sensor system suitable for use with concrete structures. The work done to date has shown this to be a convenient and economical way of producing multiple sensors which were suitable for both surface mounting and embedment in reinforced concrete structures. The proof-of-concept testing to which the trial packages were subjected is described in the paper and the results indicate that 3D printed packages have considerable potential for further development and use in a variety of civil engineering applications, competing well with more conventional sensor systems.
关键词： encapsulation,reinforced concrete,3D printing,Fibre optic sensor,strain measurement
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Design of a 3D printed compact interferometric system and required phone application for small angular measurements
摘要： A 3D printed smartphone based interferometric system is proposed, and its usability has been demonstrated by measuring small angular rotations. All necessary fringe processing and data analysis have been performed within the phone itself using custom designed application developed in an android platform. The main objective of the proposed work is to demonstrate the usability of modern smartphone and 3D printing technology for optical interferometric applications. The smartphone camera has been used to record the interference fringes which has been formed due to the change in the optical path difference (OPD) between light rays re?ected from the top and bottom surface of a microscopic glass slide. The angular variation of the slide causes a detectable change in the OPD between the interfering beams which subsequently would cause a variation in the fringe pattern. By evaluating necessary interferometric parameters, small angular rotation can be computed within the smartphone application. With the designed smartphone based interferometric system, angular rotation as small as 0.02? can be measured accurately and reliably having a dynamic range of ?3.68? to 3.68?. Due to the involvement of the smartphone as a platform for recording as well as onboard fringe processing, the designed interferometric system can be visualized as a truly ?eld portable tool for different optical metrological applications.
关键词： smartphone,optical metrology,interferometry,angular measurement,3D printing
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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All 3D Printed Flexible ZnO UV Photodetector on Ultraflat Substrate
摘要： An all 3D printed flexible ZnO ultraviolet (UV) photodetector is demonstrated, where the 3D printing method is used not only for the electrode and photosensitive material but also for creating a substrate. An ultra-flat and flexible substrate capable of serving as the backbone layer is developed using a water-dissolvable polymer layer for surface planarization. A two layered printing followed by surface treatment is demonstrated for the substrate preparation. As a mechanical support but flexible, a thick and sparse thermoplastic polyurethane layer is printed. On its surface, a thin and dense polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is then printed. A precise control of PVA reflow using micro-water droplet results in a flexible and extremely uniform substrate. A Cu-Ag nanowire network is directly 3D-printed on the flexible substrate for the conducting layer, followed by ZnO for photosensitive material. Unlike the planar two-dimensional printing that provides thin films, 3D printing allows the electrode to have a step height, which can be made like a dam to accommodate a thick film of ZnO. Photosentivity as a function of various ZnO thickness values was investigated to establish an optimal thickness for UV response. The device was also tested in natural sunlight along with stability and reliability.
关键词： ultraviolet radiation,UV detector,UV sensor,Printed electronics,3D printing,additive manufacturing
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Design of color tunable thin film polymer solar cells for photovoltaics printing
摘要： Color tunable thin film polymer solar cells have demonstrated the potentials of a wide applications in photovoltaics printing, which is significant for ink pollution reduction and energy saving. This work presents a new effective approach to realize color-tuning photovoltaic cells with optical microcavity structures. Aluminum-doped zinc oxide is utilized as electron transport layer material. With its high electrical conductivity, the thickness tuning range can be quite large, which means the cavity length has a wide variation range. It thus provides sufficient space for optical thin film design to obtain multi colors. By the transfer matrix method, device reflection and absorption spectra are numerically investigated. Based on that, the optical principles for color tunability are explored. In further step, the relationship between device photovoltaics performance and reflective colors are also discussed. Finally, the color coordinates and luminosities are calculated. As results, the colors of the devices designed are capable to cover a relatively large region in Commission Internationale de l′Eclairage (CIE) 1931 x, y chromaticity diagram, which is available to be integrated into the advertisement poster boards, building wall printing and other display applications.
关键词： optical microcavity,thin film polymer solar cells,aluminum-doped zinc oxide,photovoltaics printing,color tunable
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Photoelectrochemical-assisted batch injection analysis (PEC-BIA) of glucose exploiting visible LED light as an excitation source
摘要： This work describes the development of a novel method for glucose determination exploiting a photoelectrochemical-assisted batch injection analysis cell designed and constructed with the aid of 3D printer technology. The PEC-BIA cell was coupled to a LED lamp in order to control the incidence of light on the Cu2O/Ni(OH)2/FTO photoelectroactive platform. The electrochemical characteristics of Cu2O/Ni(OH)2/FTO photoelectroactive platform were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, amperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The PEC-BIA cell presented linear response range, limit of detection based on a signal-to-noise ratio of three, and sensitivity of 1 – 1000 μmol L-1, 0.76 μmol L-1 and 0.578 μA L μmol-1, respectively. The PEC-BIA method presented a mean value of the recovery values of 97.0 % to 102.0 % when it was applied to glucose determination in artificial blood plasma samples which indicates the promising performance of the proposed system to determine glucose.
关键词： Photoelectrochemistry,Visible LED light,Glucose,Batch injection analysis,3D-Printing,Cu2O/Ni(OH)2
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Dynamic Healable Polyurethane for Selective Laser Sintering
摘要： Selective laser sintering (SLS) is one of the mainstream 3D printing technologies. A major challenge for SLS technology is the lack of novel polymer powder materials with improved Z-direction strength. Herein, a dynamic polymer was utilized to solve the challenge of SLS. To verify this concept, novel cross-linked poly(chlorophenol-urethane) (PCP-PU) and poly(bromophenol-urethane) (PBP-PU) containing dynamic halogenated bisphenol carbamate bond were examined. The obtained dynamic polyurethane exhibited excellent mechanical strength and self-healing efficiency, in addition to SLS processing ability. A small molecule model study confirmed the dynamic reversible characteristics of the chlorinated bisphenol carbamate, which dissociates into isocyanate and hydroxyl at 120 °C and reforms at 80 °C, as confirmed by NMR and FT-IR. SLS 3D printing using the self-made healable PBP-PU powders was successfully realized. The interface interaction between the adjacent SLS layers can be significantly improved via dynamic chemical bond linking instead of traditional physical entanglement, which leads to an improved Z-direction mechanical strength. The SLS processed PBP-PU sample exhibits an X-axis tensile strengths of ~23 MPa and an elongation at break of ~600%. The Z-axis tensile strength is ~88% of X-axis’s, much higher than that of control TPU sample (~56%).
关键词： 3D printing,self-healing,SLS,polyurethane
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Fully doctor-bladed efficient organic solar cells processed under ambient condition
摘要： The low-cost and high-throughout printing techniques are potentially used to process large-area organic solar cells (OSCs). However, high-performance OSCs fabricated via fully printing process have lots of challenges. Herein, OSCs are fabricated via fully doctor blading using subsequently printed electron transport layer (ETL) zinc oxide (ZnO), printed bulk heterojunction (BHJ) active layer composed of poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexy)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1’,3’-di-2-thienyl-5’,7’-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1’,2’-c:4’5’-c’]dithiophene-4,8-dione))] (PBDB-T) and 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyano-methylene)-5-methylindanone)-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2’,3’-d’]-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b’]-dithiophene (IT-M), and printed hole transport layer (HTL) molybdenum oxide (MoO3). Through the optimization of inks and printing parameters， as well as humidity control, OSCs fabricated via printed ETL ZnO in ambient condition and spin-coated BHJ PBDB-T:IT-M in glovebox produce a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.73 %, which is similar to fully spin-coated device. While OSCs fabricated via printed ETL ZnO and BHJ PBDB-T:IT-M in ambient condition can produce a PCE of 10.15 %. Furthermore, the PCE up to 9.34 % can be achieved for fully printed OSCs with doctor-bladed ETL ZnO, BHJ PBDB-T:IT-M and HTL MoO3 in ambient condition. These results suggest that high-performance OSCs can be fabricated using printing techniques in ambient condition instead of spin-coating and inert atmosphere, exhibiting great potential to accelerate the commercialization of OSCs.
关键词： ambient condition,fully printing,organic solar cells,doctor blading
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Determining Line-Crossing Sequences Between Laser Printing and Writing Pen Using Coaxial Light
摘要： Determining the application sequence of hand-written pen ink and printer toner lines has attracted significant interest in questioned document examination. This study uses coaxial light to determine line-crossing sequences, with intersections observed under a VSC600 forensic document workstation and a Leica M205A Stereo-microscope. Results show that reflected light at intersections and color contrast between intersections and nonintersections was observed when a hand-written ink line passes over a toner line, while a toner line passing over a written line appeared dull, with no color contrast. The procedure was tested under a range of conditions, such as types of writing pens and laser printers, the writer, and writing pressure, with the latter playing an important role in the evaluation. To validate the results, a 90% detection rate and 98% accuracy rate were achieved from 50 samples of blind testing, which is more effective than optical microscopy.
关键词： laser printing,coaxial light,reflected light,questioned document examination,writing pen,sequence of intersecting lines
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Process optimization of complex geometries using feed forward control for laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
摘要： Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the fabrication of complex designs that are di?cult to create by other means. Metal parts manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) can incorporate intricate design features and demonstrate desirable mechanical properties. However, printing a part that is quali?ed for its intended application often involves reprinting and discarding many parts to eliminate defects, improve dimensional accuracy, and increase repeatibility. The process of iteratively converging on the appropriate build parameters increases the time and cost of creating functional LPBF manufactured parts. This paper describes a fast, scalable method for part-scale process optimization of arbitrary geometries. The computational approach uses feature extraction to identify scan vectors in need of parameter adaptation and applies results from simulation-based feed forward control models. This method provides a framework to quickly optimize complex parts through the targeted application of models with a range of ?delity and by automating the transfer of optimization strategies to new part designs. The computational approach and algorithmic framework are described, a software package is implemented, the method is applied to parts with complex features, and parts are printed on a customized open architecture LPBF machine.
关键词： control,DMLS,DMLM,optimization,3D printing,additive manufacturing,powder bed fusion
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Inkjet Printing Matrix Perovskite Quantum Dot Lighta??Emitting Devices
摘要： Perovskite light emitting devices have been expected to be utilized in the field of displays. In this work, a stable FA0.3Cs0.7PbBr3 perovskite quantum dot ink with optimized octane:dodecane cosolvent is obtained by introducing a trace amount of long-chain ligand of oleylamine (OAm) during the quantum dot purification process. A green electroluminescent matrix device with 120 pixels per inch (PPI) is realized from the ink by using an inkjet printing technique, exhibiting a luminance of 1233 cd m?2, a peak current efficiency of 10.3 cd A?1, and an external quantum efficiency of 2.8%. The results may suggest a possibility of making perovskite quantum dot displays by using the inkjet printing technique.
关键词： perovskite quantum dots,inkjet printing,light-emitting diodes
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01