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Modelling of a Multipurpose Photovoltaic Generator Block Using ATP-EMTP
摘要： One of the major references to deal with electromagnetic transients is the ATP-EMTP program whose associated tools, ATPDraw (a graphical interface) and MODELS (a programmable language), have pushed its use to other electrical system analysis. In this context, this article aims to show the development of a computational block to represent the photovoltaic generator in ATP, with its respective mask and configuration in ATPDraw. Starting from the classical mathematical foundation, a photovoltaic module is developed from data available in manufacturers’ manuals. The ideality equations are then modified to attend different purposes: applying new values of temperature and irradiation, choosing series and/or parallel association of modules, including different values of series and parallel resistances. The final multipurpose photovoltaic generator is validated by comparison of its results with those found in the related technical literature.
关键词： Photovoltaic module,MODELS,Modelling,ATPDraw,ATP-EMTP
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Shipborne Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing Experimental Verifications Towards Satellite-to-Sea Laser Communication
摘要： Acquisition, tracking, and pointing (ATP) is a key technology in free space laser communication that has a characteristically high precision. In this paper, we report the acquisition and tracking of low-Earth-orbit satellites using shipborne ATP and verify the feasibility of establishing optical links between laser communication satellites and ships in the future. In particular, we developed a shipborne ATP system for satellite-to-sea applications in laser communications. We also designed an acquisition strategy for satellite-to-sea laser communication. In addition, a method was proposed for improving shipborne ATP pointing error. We tracked some stars at sea, achieving a pointing accuracy of less than 180μrad.We then acquired and tracked some low-Earth-orbit satellites at sea, achieving a tracking accuracy of about 20μrad. The results achieved in this work experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of ATP in satellite-to-sea laser communications.
关键词： shipborne ATP,pointing error model,acquisition, tracking and pointing,satellite-to-sea laser communication
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Intravitreal AAV-Delivery of Genetically Encoded Sensors Enabling Simultaneous Two-Photon Imaging and Electrophysiology of Optic Nerve Axons
摘要： Myelination of axons by oligodendrocytes is a key feature of the remarkably fast operating CNS. Oligodendrocytes not only tune axonal conduction speed but are also suggested to maintain long-term axonal integrity by providing metabolic support to the axons they ensheath. However, how myelinating oligodendrocytes impact axonal energy homeostasis remains poorly understood and difficult to investigate. Here, we provide a method of how to study electrically active myelinated axons expressing genetically encoded sensors by combining electrophysiology and two-photon imaging of acutely isolated optic nerves. We show that intravitreal adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector delivery is an efficient tool to achieve functional sensor expression in optic nerve axons, which is demonstrated by measuring axonal ATP dynamics following AAV-mediated sensor expression. This novel approach allows for fast expression of any optical sensor of interest to be studied in optic nerve axons without the need to go through the laborious process of producing new transgenic mouse lines. Viral-mediated biosensor expression in myelinated axons and the subsequent combination of nerve recordings and sensor imaging outlines a powerful method to investigate oligodendroglial support functions and to further interrogate cellular mechanisms governing axonal energy homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions.
关键词： genetically encoded sensors,myelinated axons,intravitreal AAV injection,ATP-sensor ATeam1.03YEMK,optic nerve recording,two-photon imaging
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Aptamers Improving Fluorescence Anisotropy and Fluorescence Polarization Assays for Small Molecules
摘要： Nucleic acid affinity probes, such as aptamers, have been combined with fluorescence anisotropy (FA) / fluorescence polarization (FP) technology for the development of a diverse range of assays. Formation of a complex between a small fluorescent molecule and its binding partner usually increases the overall size of the fluorescent molecule and decreases its rate of rotation, resulting in increases in fluorescence anisotropy/polarization. Structure-switching of the fluorescently labeled aptamers arising from target binding can also affect molecular volume, local rotation of the fluorophore, and/or fluorescence lifetime, causing changes in anisotropy/polarization. Incorporation of the unique adsorptive properties of single-stranded nucleic acid aptamers on nanomaterials, hybridization of aptamers with complementary sequences, and the amplifiable ability of nucleic acid aptamers have broadened the applications of fluorescence anisotropy assays and enhanced their sensitivity. This review focuses on aptamer-based fluorescence anisotropy assays for the detection of small molecules, such as therapeutic drugs, environmental contaminants, natural toxins, and metabolites.
关键词： aptamer,adenosine triphosphate (ATP),nanomaterials,anisotropy,cocaine,nucleic acids,toxins,DNAzyme,polarization,aflatoxin B1,ochratoxin A (OTA),tyrosinamide
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A novel SERS-based lateral flow assay for differential diagnosis of wild-type pseudorabies virus and gE-deleted vaccine
摘要： Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a pathogen that causes an acute infectious disease in pigs, which could lead to huge losses to the farming industry. The Bartha-K61 strain of PRV, commonly used as a gE-deleted vaccine, does not always protect against the wild-type virus infection effectively. Therefore, the prompt detection of viral infection in gE-deleted vaccine vaccinated pigs is crucial for in-time measures to prevent the spread of diseases. In this study, we developed a Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS) based lateral flow assay based on antigen-antibody reaction to meet the demand. Our method was rapid (15 min), sensitive (LOD: 5 ng mL?1), selective for wild-type PRV detection, and quantitatively or semi-quantitatively (DLR: 41-650 ng mL-1) compatible. The detection results from this method were consistent with results from the gE-specific PCR, indicating that this SERS-based lateral flow assay could be used as a new tool to differentially diagnose wild-type PRV and gE-deleted vaccine.
关键词： differential diagnosis,AuAg4-ATP@AgNPs,wild-type pseudorabies virus,gE-deleted vaccine,lateral flow assay,Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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CeO2 Nanowire-BODIPY-Adenosine Triphosphate Fluorescent Sensing Platform for Highly Specific and Sensitive Detection of Arsenate
摘要： Effective and sensitive monitoring of arsenate in drinking water is significant for risk management of public health. Here, we demonstrated that CeO2 nanowire acted as an efficient quencher for small fluorescent molecules with phosphate group, BODIPY-adenosine triphosphate (BODIPY-ATP) and riboflavin-5'-phosphate (Rf-P), and developed CeO2 nanowire-BODIPY-ATP platform for highly selective and sensitive detection of arsenate. The response strategy was based on the competitive coordination chemistry of CeO2 nanowire between arsenate and phosphate group of BODIPY-ATP. Arsenate displaced adsorbed BODIPY-ATP to enhance fluorescence, allowing detection of arsenate down to 7.8 nM, which is lower than the WHO defined limit 130 nM. Excellent linear range of 20-150 nM and 150-1000 nM was obtained. Importantly, this system was simple in design and convenient in operation. And the platform exhibited excellent selectivity for arsenate without the interference of phosphate ions. Finally, the proposed method had been successfully employed for determination of arsenate in real water samples.
关键词： competitive coordination,BODIPY-ATP,CeO2 nanowire,arsenate,fluorescent sensing
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Remote Ischemia Influences the Responsiveness of the Retina: Observations in the Rat
摘要： Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP) has been found to be protective of heart and brain against ischemic injury. We have tested the effects of RIP on retinal function using the electroretinogram. METHODS. Ischemia remote from the retina was induced in one hindlimb, using a pressure cuff applied for between 5 and 10 minutes. A temperature probe on the footpad con?rmed blockage of the circulation. To test the impact of RIP on retinal function, we recorded the dark-adapted ?ash electroretinogram (ERG) in four groups (n ? 5 per group) of Sprague-Dawley rats (sham, 5-minute, 10-minute, and 2 3 5-minute ischemia). Heart rate, breath rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation were monitored using infrared pulse oximetry. RESULTS. RIP increased both the a- and b-waves by up to 14%, more markedly after the longer periods (10 minutes or 2 3 5 minutes) of ischemia. The effect was tested up to 30 minutes after ischemia and retested at 1 week and 1 month. RIP did not appear to accelerate the initial stages of recovery from photopigment bleach. Systemic oxygen saturation, heart rate, and respiration did not vary consistently during or after remote ischemia. CONCLUSIONS. The effect of RIP on the ERG is a novel ?nding. Possible mechanisms of this effect are discussed and related to the idea of neuroprotection and to fundamentals of the electroretinogram.
关键词： remote ischemic preconditioning,ATP-sensitive potassium channel,dark adaptation,adenosine,electroretinogram,retina
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46