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Obtainment of Stabilized Zirconium Dioxide via the High-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of a Metallic Target
摘要： The influence of the yttrium concentration on the structure of coatings prepared via the high-frequency magnetron sputtering of a metal target is investigated. The results of coating deposition in pure argon and a mixed (Ar + O2), reactive medium are discussed. It is demonstrated that a nonequilibrium body-centered-cubic solid solution based on zirconium with an extended homogeneous region (up to 16 at % Y) is formed under the condition that a target is sputtered in pure argon. During reactive-coating deposition, the formation of cubic or tetragonal zirconium dioxide is generated depending on the yttrium concentration. The tetragonal structure is created if the yttrium concentration is 8 at %. It is found that the obtained tetragonal zirconium dioxide is thermally stable both in terms of structure and in morphology upon heat treatment in air at 1100°C for 11 h.
关键词： zirconium dioxide,magnetron sputtering,nanostructured film,composite,coating
更新于2025-11-14 15:13:28
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Effect of front TCO on the performance of rear-junction silicon heterojunction solar cells: Insights from simulations and experiments
摘要： In this study we make a detailed comparison between indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) and hydrogenated indium oxide (IO:H) when applied on the illuminated side of rear-junction silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. ITO being the state of the art material for this application, ZnO:Al being an attractive substitute due to its cost effectiveness and IO:H being a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) with high-mobility and excellent optical properties. Through numerical simulations, the optically optimal thicknesses for a double layer anti-reflective coating system, consisting of the respective TCO and amorphous silicon oxide (a-SiO2) capping layers are defined. Through two-dimensional electrical simulations, we present a comparison between front-junction and rear-junction devices to show the behavior of series resistance (Rs) in dependence of the TCO sheet resistance (Rsh) and the device effective lifetime (τeff). The study indicates that there is a τeff dependent critical TCO Rsh value, above which, the rear-junction device will become advantageous over the front-junction design in terms of Rs. Solar cells with the respective layers are analyzed. We show that a thinner TCO optimized layer will result in a benefit in cell performance when implementing a double layer anti-reflective coating. We conclude that for a highest efficiency solar cell performance, a high mobility TCO, like IO:H, is required as the device simulations show. However, the rear-junction solar cell design permits the implementation of a lower conductive TCO in the example of the cost-effective ZnO:Al with comparable performance to the ITO, opening the possibility for substitution in mass production.
关键词： Transparent conductive oxide,Sheet resistance,Series resistance,Rear-junction,Silicon heterojunction,Anti-reflective coating
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTOELECTRONIC AND NANO MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY (icONMAT 2019) - Kerala, India (3–5 January 2019)] - Effect of substrate temperature on spray coated PEDOT:PSS thin film morphology for organic solar cell
摘要： The effect of substrate temperature on the spray coated poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT: PSS) hole transport layer (HTL) is explored in terms of morphological, electrical and photovoltaic characterization. The substrate temperature is varied in three steps 100, 150 and 200°C during the spray deposition of PEDOT: PSS thin film layer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy images reveal that for the substrate temperatures of 100°C and 150°C, the morphology of PEDOT: PSS layer is improved and further increasing the temperature to 200°C, voids and cracks are formed in the films. These voids and cracks influence the conductivity of PEDOT: PSS layer which reduces from 4.7 for 150°C to 3.9 S/cm for 200°C. Organic solar cells (OSCs) using PTB7:PC71BM absorber layer on the spray coated PEDOT:PSS HTL show an efficiency increase from 2.34 for 100°C to 2.88% for 150°C and then decrease to 1.88% for 200°C.
关键词： substrate temperature,spray coating,PEDOT:PSS,morphology,organic solar cells
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Influence of chemical composition on phase transformation and optoelectronic properties of Cu–Cr–O thin films by reactive magnetron sputtering
摘要： Cu–Cr–O films were co-sputtered from Cu and Cr targets on fused silica substrates. Then, these films were annealed at 700 °C for 2 h under controlled Ar atmosphere. [Cu]/[Cr] ratio was increased from 0.59 to 2.02 by increasing the Cu-target power from 10 W to 52 W. When the film was prepared at Cu-target power of 10 W, a pure spinel CuCr2O4 phase was formed in the film. As the Cu-target power increased to 22 W, the phase transformed gradually from spinel CuCr2O4 to delafossite CuCrO2. Further increase of Cu-target power resulted in the appearance of an additional monoclinic CuO phase. The [Cu]/[Cr] ratio was approximately 1 at Cu-target power of 22 W, which caused the film to exhibit pure delafossite CuCrO2 phase and high crystallinity. Accordingly, optimum electrical conductivity and visible transparency were achieved for the pure CuCrO2 film prepared at Cu-target power of 22 W with a figure of merit of 1.51 × 10?8 Ω?1. The formation of the CuO and CuCr2O4 phase was confirmed to deteriorated optoelectronic properties of films.
关键词： Phase change,Ceramic coating,Sputtering,Coating process
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Amplification of the Zeroth Order Mode in Ultra-thin Layers
摘要： The ultra-thin limit regime is characterized by a structure which at least in one dimension is signi?cantly smaller than the incoming light wavelength. The absorption in this regime is characterized either by very weak absorption or by a broad peak attributed to the zeroth order Fabry-Perot mode. We show that this mode provides a 14.5% ultimate ef?ciency in a 25 nm GaAs slab on a gold substrate. GaAs in air achieves only a 5% for a 10 nm slab. Such an ampli?cation of the resonance absorption is attributed to the high losses of the substrate. For very high losses, the zeroth order mode transits from an over-damped regime to an under-damped one.
关键词： absorption,Solar cells,optical coating,quasinormal modes,optics
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Effects of the Electrode Modification Conditions on the Performance of Three-state Electrochromic Devices via Spin- coating
摘要： Electrodeposition-based electrochromic devices capture numerous attentions due to their simple sandwich-type structure, facile and low-cost fabrication, and promising application. Herein, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were modified onto fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode via spin-coating technique with different rotation speed and precursor solution concentration, followed by sandwiching a suitable amount of gel electrolyte between the modified FTO electrode and a flat FTO electrode to fabricate the electrodeposition-based electrochromic device with reversible three-state optical transformation (transparent, mirror and black). A systematic study of correlation between electrode modification condition and morphological features of TiO2 thin films, as well as the performance of electrochromic devices, i.e. optical contrast, switching time, and cycling stability, were investigated. Optimized performances of three-stated electrochromic device could be obtained by properly manipulating the electrode modification conditions. The results in this study will provide valuable guidance for rational design of electrochromic device with satisfactory performance.
关键词： Morphological Features,Rotation Speed,Electrochromic Properties,Precursor Solution Concentration,Spin-coating,Electrochromic
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Crack Restraining Methods and their Effects on the Microstructures and Properties of Laser Cladded WC/Fe Coatings
摘要： Laser cladded WC/Fe coatings have the advantages of low cost and high abrasion wear resistance. However, cracks always appear in WC/Fe coatings, which limits their industrial application. In this paper, the co-effects of the re-melting process, heat treatments, and amount of Co element on the cracking susceptibility, microstructures, and mechanical properties of WC/Fe laser cladding coatings were studied. Experimental results show that re-melting process is helpful to improve the surface quality of the coating and to reduce the cracking susceptibility. The hardness of the coating decreases slightly but distributes more uniformly. Cracks in the coating can be inhibited effectively by preheating the substrate to 250 ?C and maintaining the temperature during the laser cladding process, as well as applying an annealing treatment at 300 ?C for 1 h. Heat treatment also results in a slight decrease in the hardness. Crack initiation cannot be restrained completely by applying the above two methods when laser cladding a big area of coating. On the basis of the above two methods, addition of Co element to the coating can further improve its toughness and decrease the crack susceptibility. Crack-free WC/Fe coating can be manufactured when 8% Co is added, and its wear resistance is much better than that of the hardened medium steel, especially when the wear time is long.
关键词： Laser Cladding,mechanical properties,microstructures,WC/Fe coating,crack restraining methods
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Elaboration of a Conductive Textile by Coating for Clothes Equipped with Fourth-Generation Photovoltaic Cells
摘要： Conducting polymer coated in textiles possess a wide range of electrical properties. The surface resistivity is influenced by concentrations of the reactants, thickness of the coating, nature of the substrate surface, extent of penetration of the polymer into the textile structure and the strength of the binding of the coating to the textile surface. Low resistivity in fabric results from highly doped thicker coatings that penetrate well into the textile structure thus enabling good electrical contact between fibers. In this study, we had chosen copper as conductor polymer for coating. The electrical conductivity is influenced by the thickness of coating paste, the nature of the substrate surface. The thickness of the paste and the concentration of the copper were studied in this paper. Furthermore, the electrical surface resistance decreased from 68 MΩ to 8 MΩ with decreasing in coating thickness. However, the thickness of coated fabric is very important factor to determine conductivity and application of textile. In addition, we had noticed that the airflow is affected by the coating thickness which the penetration of the airflow differs from the lower thickness to the higher one. This study confirm that we can use coating woven fabric to develop a textile substrate responding to characteristics such as electrical resistance, drapability, air permeability and tensile strength, which are particularly important to be used as a support for flexible photovoltaic cells in clothes.
关键词： Conductor textile,Technical textile,Coating,Electrical resistance
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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CsxWO3 nanosheet-coated cotton fabric with multiple functions: UV/NIR shielding and full-spectrum-responsive self-cleaning
摘要： Utilizing fewer functional materials to achieve multifunctional fabrics via facile approaches have been confronting worldwide scientists with an enormous challenge. In this study, a novel multifunctional cotton fabric, combining UV/NIR shielding and full-spectrum-responsive self-cleaning, has been fabricated via self-assembly of CsxWO3 nanosheets based on electrostatic interaction assisted by Poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) in aqueous solution. The microstructure of CsxWO3 nanosheets and their self-assembly coating on cotton fabric were characterized and investigated. The functional properties of the CsxWO3-coated cotton fabric, including UV/NIR shielding and photocatalytic self-cleaning were evaluated. The results indicate that the CsxWO3-coated cotton fabric exhibits superb UV/NIR and heat shielding performance with 15.8 °C and 5.9 °C lower than no coverage and coverage by none-treated cotton fabric, respectively. Moreover, the well-coated cotton fabric demonstrates photocatalytic self-cleaning property responsive to the light ranging from UV, Vis to NIR, especially exhibits highly efficient self-cleaning under the respective irritation of full-spectrum, UV and Vis light (color faded completely within 10 h). In summary, the CsxWO3-coated fabrics can achieve multi-functions of UV shielding, heat insulation and self-cleaning by means of a single functional nanomaterial and promise of huge applications in functional textiles.
关键词： full-spectrum self-cleaning,self-assembly coating,UV/NIR shielding,CsxWO3 nanosheets,functional cotton fabric
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Transparent hard self-cleaning nano-hybrid coating on polymeric substrate
摘要： In this research, GPTMS-silica nano-hybrid coatings were immobilized on polycarbonate (PC) substrates by a sol-gel method. Perfluorooctyl-trichlorosilane (PFTS) was utilized to modify the prepared nano-hybrid coating surface. The modified nano-hybrid coatings were characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), UV–vis-NIR spectrophotometer, and water contact angle analyzer methods. In addition, the self-cleaning properties of the nano-hybrid coatings were investigated. The results indicated that the formation of the nano-hybrid film improved the hardness and transmittance of the PC substrate. FE-SEM image indicated the formation of the crack free coating on the PC substrate. In addition, the modified nano-hybrid coating displays hydrophobicity (CA, 110°) and is very efficient at removing dust through water droplets.
关键词： Polycarbonate,Coating,Transparent,Hydrophobic,Self-cleaning,Nano-hybrid
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52