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Ambient air-processed mesoscopic solar cells based on methylammonium and phenethylammonium quasi-2D/3D perovskites
摘要： The instability of perovskite solar cells under ambient conditions leads many scientific groups to produce their solar cell devices under controllable, yet, expensive conditions. In this work, a mesoscopic solar cell device produced under ambient air/temperature conditions and relatively high humidity is presented. The active material is based on methylamine, phenethylamine, lead(II) iodide and lead(II) chloride. Furthermore, a bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium (Li-TFSI) salt layer was used as a dopant onto mesoscopic TiO2, while the hole-transport material used was the popular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) polymer. All layers were deposited by simple spin coating technique, while the whole process took place under 40–60% relative humidity–ambient conditions. The sequential deposited perovskite layer was built by a 3D mixed halide (CH3NH3)3PbI3Cl2 layer on top of a mixed 3D/Quasi-2D perovskite (CH3NH3)3PbI3Cl2–(C8H9NH3)2(CH3NH3)2Pb3I10 layer. These specific perovskites were used to take advantage of the well-known power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the mixed halide perovskite based on methylamine, and the proven reproducibility and stability of the phenethylamine-based perovskites, especially under non-controllable conditions. The champion mesoscopic device presented a PCE of 13.22%, with short circuit current density (JSC) of 23.67 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage (VOC) of 1034 mV and fill factor (FF) 0.54.
关键词： Mesoscopic structure,Methylamine–phenethylamine mixed cations,Hybrid organic–inorganic semiconductors,Ambient conditions,Perovskites,Mesoporous solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Fabrication of perovskite solar cells in ambient conditions
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are currently a centre of attraction for their excellent photovoltaic properties and low fabrication cost. The ef?ciency of PSCs has reached up to 25% which is comparable to silicon-based solar cells, making them the fastest improving photovoltaic technology. All state-of-the-art PSCs are usually fabricated in inert environment conditions such as in nitrogen-?lled glovebox. In this study, we have fabricated well known conventional n-i-p and inverted p-i-n structures of PSCs having methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) as a perovskite photoactive layer in ambient conditions and provided a comparative study on their photovoltaic properties. The highest power conversion ef?ciency (PCE) for n-i-p and p-i-n structures were found to be 16.79% and 8.06% respectively under AM 1.5 G one-sun illumination conditions (100 mW-cm?2). In addition, to investigate the device stability, the variation of short-circuit current density (JSC) under continuous illumination on both structures has been investigated.
关键词： Ambient conditions,MAPbI3,N-i-p,P-i-n,Perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Dealing with Climate Parameters in the Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells under Ambient Conditions
摘要： Although perovskite solar cells have demonstrated impressive efficiencies in research laboratories (above 25%), there is a need for experimental procedures to fabricate solar cells under ambient conditions to substantially decrease manufacturing costs. Nevertheless, to achieve efficient and highly stable devices in these conditions, the moisture level in the atmosphere must be monitored. The relative humidity (RH) has classically been the parameter of choice; however, in this work we show that the parameter of relevance is the absolute content of water measured in the form of partial water vapour pressure (WVP). To highlight the importance of this parameter, we demonstrate that small changes in ambient temperature at the same RH result in huge changes in solar cell performance. This is due to the non-linear dependence of the WVP on temperature (according to the Clausius-Clapeyron equation), and explains the dispersion of results found in the literature for devices nominally made at the same ambient RH levels. To illustrate this critical effect, we have deposited MAPbI3 perovskite films at different WVP values, which were derived from the climate parameters, RH and laboratory temperature, present during fabrication (not controlled). Hence, we adapt the fabrication method to the ambient conditions by monitoring the WVP, which allows for the fabrication of MAPbI3 based devices with efficiencies of up to 18.2% outside the glove box. In fact, we have extended the procedure to accomplish high-efficiency FA0.83MA0.17PbI3 devices under ambient conditions by adjusting the DMSO proportion in the perovskite precursor solution to the WVP.
关键词： Water Vapor Pressure,High Efficiency,Perovskite solar cells,Clausius-Clapeyron equation,Ambient Conditions
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Carbon-based, novel triple cation mesoscopic perovskite solar cell fabricated entirely under ambient air conditions
摘要： In the past, various reports on Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) have presented significant results. However, due to stability issues, scale-up drawbacks and high fabrication costs, scientists turned their focus on PSCs with a simpler structure, based on carbon electrodes. In this work, we report a carbon-based PSC, embedding a novel, triple cation perovskite, created after combining Methylammonium Iodide (MAI), 5-Aminovaleric Acid Iodide (5-AVAI) and Lead(II) Iodide (PbI2) along with Phenethylammonium Iodide (PEAI) salt. In our Hole Transport Layer (HTL) free device, the perovskite was infiltrated through the conductive porous carbon cathode layer, which is deposited on top of compact/mesoporous TiO2 (c-TiO2/mp-TiO2) and mesoporous insulating ZrO2 (mp-ZrO2) layers, with all processes being carried out under ambient conditions and high relative humidity (40-60%). Finally, the perovskite films (5-AVA)x(MA)1-xPbI3 and (5-AVA)x(PEA)x(MA)1-xPbI3+x are optically/structurally characterized and the electrical performance of the corresponding devices is examined.
关键词： Triple Cation,Mesoscopic Solar Cell,Carbon Electrode,Perovskites,Ambient Conditions
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Adhesion of Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Thin Films with Different Materials
摘要： Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) possess extraordinary physical and chemical properties. Thin films of randomly oriented SWCNTs have great potential in many opto-electro-mechanical applications. However, good adhesion of SWCNT films with a substrate material is pivotal for their practical use. Here, for the first time we systematically investigate the adhesion properties of SWCNT thin films with commonly used substrates such as glass (SiO2), indium tin oxide (ITO), crystalline silicon (C-Si), amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), platinum (Pt), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and SWCNTs for self-adhesion using atomic force microscopy. By comparing the results obtained in air and inert Ar atmospheres we observed a great contribution of the surface state of the materials on their adhesion properties. We found that the SWCNT thin films have higher adhesion in an inert atmosphere. The adhesion in the air can be greatly improved by a fluorination process. Experimental and theoretical analyses suggest that adhesion depends on the atmospheric conditions and surface functionalization.
关键词： adhesion energy,inert atmosphere,Single-walled carbon nanotubes,fluorination,ambient conditions,thin films
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Performance of WO <sub/>3</sub> -Incorporated Carbon Electrodes for Ambient Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： The stability of perovskite solar cells (PSC) is often compromised by the organic hole transport materials (HTMs). We report here the effect of WO3 as an inorganic HTM for carbon electrodes for improved stability in PSCs, which are made under ambient conditions. Sequential fabrication of the PSC was performed under ambient conditions with mesoporous TiO2/Al2O3/CH3NH3PbI3 layers, and, on the top of these layers, the WO3 nanoparticle-embedded carbon electrode was used. Different concentrations of WO3 nanoparticles as HTM incorporated in carbon counter electrodes were tested, which varied the stability of the cell under ambient conditions. The addition of 7.5% WO3 (by volume) led to a maximum power conversion efficiency of 10.5%, whereas the stability of the cells under ambient condition was ～350 h, maintaining ～80% of the initial efficiency under light illumination. At the same time, the higher WO3 concentration exhibited an efficiency of 9.5%, which was stable up to ～500 h with a loss of only ～15% of the initial efficiency under normal atmospheric conditions and light illumination. This work demonstrates an effective way to improve the stability of carbon-based perovskite solar cells without affecting the efficiency for future applications.
关键词： inorganic hole transport materials,stability,perovskite solar cells,carbon electrodes,WO3,ambient conditions
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Enabling the electrocatalytic fixation of N <sub/>2</sub> to NH <sub/>3</sub> by C-doped TiO <sub/>2</sub> nanoparticles under ambient conditions
摘要： The conventional Haber–Bosch process for industrial NH3 production from N2 and H2 is highly energy-intensive with a large amount of CO2 emissions and finding a more suitable method for NH3 synthesis under mild conditions is a very attractive topic. The electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (NRR) offers us an environmentally benign and sustainable route. In this communication, we report that C-doped TiO2 nanoparticles act as an efficient electrocatalyst for the NRR with excellent selectivity. In 0.1 M Na2SO4, it achieves an NH3 yield of 16.22 mg h?1 mgcat.?1 and a faradaic efficiency of 1.84% at ?0.7 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode. Furthermore, this catalyst also shows good stability during electrolysis and recycling tests.
关键词： ambient conditions,C-doped TiO2 nanoparticles,NH3 synthesis,electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14