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Core-Shell ZnO@SnO2 Nanoparticles for Efficient Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： The ideal charge transport materials should exhibit a proper energy level, high carrier mobility, sufficient conductivity, and excellent charge extraction ability. Here, a novel electron transport material was designed and synthesized via using a simple and facile solvothermal method, which is composed by the core-shell ZnO@SnO2 nanoparticles. Thanks to the good match between energy level of SnO2 shell and high electron mobility of core ZnO nanoparticles, the PCE of inorganic perovskite solar cells has reached 14.35% (JSC: 16.45 mA cm-2, VOC: 1.11 V, FF: 79%), acting core-shell ZnO@SnO2 nanoparticles as the electron transfer layer. The core-shell ZnO@SnO2 nanoparticles size is 8.1 nm with the SnO2 shell thickness of 3.4 nm, and the electron mobility is seven times more than SnO2 nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the uniform core-shell ZnO@SnO2 nanoparticles is extremely favorable to the growth of inorganic perovskite films. These preliminary results strongly suggest the great potential of this novel electron transfer material in high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.
关键词： inorganic perovskite solar cells,electron transport material,solvothermal method,core-shell ZnO@SnO2 nanoparticles,high electron mobility
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Spray-coated SnO2 electron transport layer with high uniformity for planar perovskite solar cells
摘要： SnO2 has been proven to be an effective electron transport layer (ETL) material for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) owing to its excellent electrical and optical properties. Here, we introduce a viable spray coating method for the preparation of SnO2 films. Then, we employ a SnO2 film prepared using the spray coating method as an ETL for PSCs. The PSC based on the spray-coated SnO2 ETL achieves a power conversion efficiency of 17.78%, which is comparable to that of PSCs based on conventional spin-coated SnO2 films. The large-area SnO2 films prepared by spray coating exhibit good repeatability for device performance. This study shows that SnO2 films prepared by spray coating can be applied as ETLs for stable and high-efficiency PSCs. Because the proposed method involves low material consumption, it enables the low-cost and large-scale production of PSCs.
关键词： SnO2 film,PSCs,ETL,spray coating
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Multifunctional inorganic nanomaterial aerogel assembled into fSWNT hydrogel platform for ultraselective NO2 sensing
摘要： Facile fabrication of multifunctional porous inorganic aerogels remains an outstanding challenge despite the considerable demand for extensive applications. Here, we present the production of a multifunctional porous inorganic nanomaterial aerogel by controllable surface chemistry of a functionalized SWNT (fSWNT) hydrogel platform for the first time. The versatile functional inorganic nanoparticles can be incorporated uniformly on the porous 3D fSWNT hydrogel platform through a facile dip coating method at ambient conditions. The morphology of the multifunctional inorganic aerogel is manipulated by designing the fSWNT hydrogel platform for different requirements of applications. In particular, Pt-SnO2@fSWNT aerogels exhibit high porosity and uniformly distributed ultrafine Pt and SnO2 on the fSWNT platform with controllable particle size (1.5–3.5 nm), which result in significantly high surface area (393 m2 g-1). The ultrafine Pt-SnO2@fSWNT aerogels exhibit highly sensitive (14.77% at 5 ppm) and selective NO2 sensing performance even at room temperature due to the increased active surface area and controllable porous structure of the ultrafine aerogel, which can provide fast transport and penetration of a target gas into the sensing layers. The newly designed multifunctional inorganic aerogel with ultrahigh surface area and high open porosity is a prospective materials platform of high performance gas sensors, which could be also broadly expanded to widespread applications including catalysis and energy storages.
关键词： fSWNT hydrogel platform,room temperature sensor,ultraselective NO2 gas sensing,Pt-SnO2@fSWNT aerogel,Multifunctional ultrafine inorganic aerogel
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A facile strategy for enhanced performance of inverted organic solar cells based on low-temperature solution-processed SnO2 electron transport layer
摘要： High-efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs) based on low-temperature (LT) processed SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) are promising for their commercial use. However, high density of traps and large contact barrier for carriers at the interface between LT SnO2 and the active layer has been reported. To solve the problem, various interface modifying layer materials, such as PFN, has been introduced. Currently, the fabrication process of such interface modifying layer materials is complex and expensive. Herein, a facile strategy involved a polar solvent ethanolamine (EA) is introduced to modify LT SnO2 surface. By soaking the SnO2 film into EA solution in 2-Methoxyethanol (2-ME), EA can easily anchor into SnO2 film surface and forms a continuous monomolecular layer via dehydration reaction. The whole process is green and highly compatible with a roll-to-roll process. Further study suggests that the deep trap centers on SnO2 surface are substantially reduced and the built-in potential in OSCs is reinforced. Finally, OSCs based on EA-modified SnO2 demonstrated an enhanced power conversion efficiency from 10.71% to 12.45% which was comparable to those based on ZnO (12.26%) under the same experiment parameters. Our work boosts the development of the inverted OSCs with easy fabrication and compatibility with roll-to-roll process.
关键词： SnO2,Ethanolamine,organic solar cells,Electron transport layer
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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The transparent Schottky junction of reduced graphene oxide/SnO <sub/>2</sub> nanoarrays towards enhanced broadband photoresponse
摘要： The rGO/SnO2 nanoarrays (rGO/SnO2 NAs) Schottky junction is synthesized by a series of RF magnetron sputtering, hydrothermal and electrochemical deposition. The unique transparent junction exhibits the broadband photoelectric responses from the ultraviolet to visible light. As shown, the proper rGO/SnO2 NAs display highly transparency of about ~60% and dramatically enhance photoelectric conversion of about ~100 times than that of the initial Schottky junction. Finally, the mechanism of the Schottky junction is investigated.
关键词： reduced graphene oxide,broadband photoresponse,transparent Schottky junction,SnO2 nanoarrays
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[Laser Institute of America ICALEO? 2015: 34th International Congress on Laser Materials Processing, Laser Microprocessing and Nanomanufacturing - Atlanta, Georgia, USA (October 18–22, 2015)] International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics - Comparative study of laser scribing of Sno2:F thin films using Gaussian and top-hat beams
摘要： Laser scribing is a common method used for manufacturing large-scale solar cells to increase cell efficiency by subdividing large cells into small mini-modules connected in series, decreasing the current produced and therefore reducing the ohmic losses. Introducing large temperature gradients causes thermal expansion and subsequently induced stresses, and these stresses can be used to cause mechanical fracture and material removal. Gaussian beams, which are commonly used in existing scribing practice, have high energy intensity in the center of the beam resulting in unwanted substrate damage as well as excess energy toward the edge of the beam spot. This contributes to the formation of a heat affected zone and partial melting also resulting in large sidewall taper and residual material. The top-hat distribution, having a much more rapid decrease in intensity at the spot edges and more uniform intensity throughout, greatly reduces the likelihood of melting or partial removal on the spot edges, as well as the risk of damage to the glass substrate. However, little work has been done to quantify the differences in the resulting scribe quality of these laser beam intensity distributions. In this study, experiments were carried out on 400 nm thick SnO2:F TCO layer irradiated from the glass side using a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser with both Gaussian and top-hat intensity distributions. Samples were processed using pulse energies ranging from 5μJ to 30μJ. Pulse repetition rates of 10 kHz were used. Scribe geometry was observed using AFM scans and SEM images. Possible negative effects such as delamination and crack formation resulting from abrupt intensity changes are investigated. A coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model is used to analyze the spatial temperature and stress distributions within the film during the scribing process. Our results find that the top-hat beam profile improves the uniformity and depths of the scribes, but increased thermal effects along the walls are experienced.
关键词： Gaussian beams,thermal ablation,mechanical fracture,SnO2:F thin films,laser scribing,top-hat beams
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Effect of tantalum doping on SnO <sub/>2</sub> electron transport layer via low temperature process for perovskite solar cells
摘要： The electron transport layer (ETL) plays an important role in determining the device performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Recently, SnO2 has been used extensively as an ETL due to its many outstanding optoelectronic properties. Herein, we develop Ta doped SnO2 (Ta-SnO2) as an ETL grown by chemical bath deposition, allowing the fabrication of low-temperature PSCs. In contrast to pristine SnO2, the I-V curve and transmittance spectra show a signi?cant conductivity improvement of Ta-SnO2 without declining the light transmittance property. Meanwhile, Ta-doping could accelerate the electron transfer and decrease the recombination probability at the SnO2/perovskite interface, as well as passivate the electron traps, leading to the improvement in the PSC performance. Through a series of optimization methods, the champion device shows a power conversion ef?ciency of 20.80%, with an open-circuit voltage of 1.161 V, a short-circuit current density of 22.79 mA/cm2, and a ?ll factor of 0.786. SnO2 with a suitable Ta content is a promising candidate as an ETL for fabricating high-ef?ciency PSCs via the low-temperature process.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,Ta doping,SnO2,electron transport layer,low-temperature process
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Theoretical Study on Structural Properties of Silicon-doped Benzothiazole/SnO2 (100): A Novel Molecular Design for Solar Cells
摘要： Conjugated polymers have recently drawn interest owing to their high-power conversion efficiency in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Based on 4-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-7-(5-((4-nonyl-5-ethynylthiophen-2-yl) ethynyl)-thiophen-2-yl) benzothiadiazole (A4B7BT), organic polymer monomers for solar cells are designed, aided by silicon-doping, using density functional theory (DFT) at the GGA/PW91/DNP level. Comparison and screening of stable configuration, stable energy, and frontier orbital energy gap indicate that, A4B7BT-3Si is the best configuration when the positions of 1, 3, and 5 carbon atoms on the BT unit of A4B7BT are replaced by 3 Si atoms simultaneously. To further explore the photovoltaic (PV) properties of silicon-doped A4B7BT, DFT and the periodic plane slab model are combined to investigate A4B7BT-xSi (x=1–6) adsorbed on the SnO2 (100) surface. The stable structures, Mulliken charges, frontier orbitals, energy band structures, and density of states are discussed in detail. The results reveal that the energy gap (1.17 eV) in SnO2 (100)-A4B7BT-3Si is close to that of single-crystal Si. This study potentially guides the strategic development of future PV materials.
关键词： density functional theory,silicon-doped,4-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-7-(5-((4-nonyl-5-ethynylthiophen-2-yl)ethynyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzothiadiazole,SnO2 (100) surface
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Highly textured spray-deposited SnO2:F films with high haze for solar cells
摘要： Highly textured F-doped SnO2 (FTO) films with appropriate haze, high transparency and low resistance have been deposited on quartz glass substrates by spray pyrolysis technique at different substrate temperatures from 380 °C to 630 °C. The results show that all FTO films with pyramidal-shape grains are polycrystalline with cassiterite tetragonal structure and exhibit an obviously (200) preferred orientation. When the substrate temperature is 530 °C, the dislocation density of FTO films reaches a minimum value of 1.90 × 1015 line/m2, while the film thickness and root-mean-square roughness reach the maximum values of 613 nm and 32.3 nm, respectively. Highly textured FTO films sprayed at 530 °C exhibit the lowest turn on voltage of 1.95 eV and the optimal comprehensive optoelectrical performance with the high transmittance of 83.78%, low sheet resistance of 8.4 Ω/□ and high haze of 12.69%, which are the promising candidates as the transparent conductive oxide front electrode for film solar cells.
关键词： Haze,Substrate temperature,Textured,Spray pyrolysis,F-doped SnO2 films
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Yolk-shell SnO2@TiO2 nanospheres as electron transport layer in mesoscopic perovskite solar cell
摘要： SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and modified by TiO2 shell through sol–gel method. Band gap energy and photoluminescence properties of SnO2 nanoparticles and yolk-shell SnO2@TiO2 nanospheres were investigated by UV–Vis absorption spectra and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The nanoparticles were used as electron transport layers (ETLs) for fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and PSC based on yolk-shell SnO2@TiO2 ETL showed higher photon conversion efficiency (PCE = 11.28%) and lower hysteresis index (37%) compared with the PSC made of SnO2 ETL (PCE = 8.55% and hysteresis index = 52%). The increase in the short-circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), and subsequently PCE for the PSC based on yolk-shell SnO2@TiO2 ETL is attributed to the smoothness and uniformity of perovskite film, improvement of surface defects at the ETL/perovskite interface, and suitable energy band alignment for effective injection of electron from perovskite to the conduction band of TiO2 as well as from TiO2 to the SnO2. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to determine the charge transport resistance at the ETL/perovskite interface and confirmed the results obtained by the characteristic curve of the current density–voltage. The stability test of the devices displayed that long-term stability of PSC made of yolk-shell SnO2@TiO2 ETL is almost the same as the SnO2 ETL-based PSC because of the high resistance of SnO2 against the moisture and oxygen in the environment.
关键词： Yolk-shell SnO2@TiO2 nanospheres,Long-term stability,Perovskite solar cell,Photon conversion efficiency,Electron transport layer
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52