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Photocatalytic degradation of yellow 2G dye using titanium dioxide/ultraviolet A light through a Box–Behnken experimental design: Optimization and kinetic study
摘要： Yellow 2G (Y2G), a type of anionic, synthetic monoazo dye that is widely used in household applications, textiles, and food industries, has been found to have cardiovascular and neurological effects on all living beings. In the present study, heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of commercial Y2G was conducted using pure titanium dioxide (TiO2) in a batch reactor system under ultraviolet A (UVA) light for 180 min. TiO2 dosage, pH, and initial Y2G concentration were the three experimental parameters selected and studied to obtain preliminary information about the photocatalytic activities within a specified range. The Box–Behnken design method (BBD) was used to determine optimal values of the results using the above parameters of Y2G photocatalysis under response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions were 0.914 g L?1 TiO2, pH 3.45, and an initial Y2G concentration of 20 mg L?1. The Y2G degradation efficiency was 96.19% using a second-order polynomial equation with R2 = 0.999. The experimental results also showed that the photocatalytic process could be successfully explained using the modified Langmuir–Hinshelwood model, where kc and KLH were 0.787 mg L?1 min and 0.010 L mg?1, respectively.
关键词： photocatalysis,Box–Behnken design (BBD),optimization,Yellow 2G (Y2G) dye,response surface methodology (RSM)
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Experimental investigation and optimization of direct metal laser sintering process for shrinkage rate using CL50WS material
摘要： In today’s competitive era, the quality of the die or mould is very significant for tooling industries which is highly influencing the final product. The dimensional inaccuracy of die due to shrinkage rate of parts lead to increase defective parts, and shrinkage can be minimizing by controlling of proper design parameter of process. Hence, the aims of this study to optimize the process parameter of DMLS process for CL50WS die material. In this study, analysis and optimization of four process parameters namely laser power, layer thickness, scan speed and hatch distance, and take shrinkage rate as response. Result shows that optimum process parameter (laser power 129.814 Watt, scan speed 554.439 mm/s, layer thickness 0.05 mm and hatch distance 0.01 mm) gives acceptable range of error (delta H, delta W and delta L are 6.42%, 8.29 % and 10.72% respectively).
关键词： BBD,Direct metal laser sintering,AM,optimization,RSM,Shrinkage rate,DMLS
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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OPTIMIZATION OF GREEN SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM CARALLUMA UMBELLATA
摘要： Objective: The current study focuses on optimization and ecologically innocuous green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using tribal plant Caralluma umbellata and to study its potential as an antibacterial and antifungal agent. Methods: The synthesis of AgNPs were confirmed by the colour change of the stem extract from yellow to dark brown and by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The optimum conditions for synthesis of AgNPs were analysed using Response surface methodology (RSM) based Box-Behnken design (BBD) using Design Expert software (7.0.0 trial version). The AgNPs synthesized were characterized by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Further, antibacterial and antifungal activity were performed using well diffusion method for both plant extract and AgNPs. Results: The UV-Visible spectrum of AgNPs revealed characteristic peak at 425.5 nm. The crystalline nature of synthesized AgNPs was confirmed by XRD with average size 26 nm. SEM confirms the spherical shape of AgNPs and by EDX the presence of elemental silver was observed. The ability of the plant to produce both reducing and capping agents were confirmed by FTIR. The optimum conditions for synthesis of AgNPs were found to be 0.55 mmol AgNO3 concentration, 45 °C temperature and 24h reaction time. Both plant sample and synthesized AgNPs exhibited good antimicrobial activity where AgNPs showed superior efficacy as an antimicrobial agent over the other. Conclusion: From the results obtained, it can be deduced that both C. umbellata stem extract and synthesized AgNPs can act as potent antimicrobial agent. But the synthesized AgNPs is more potent against bacteria and fungus.
关键词： Nanomedicine,BBD,Antimicrobial agent,Tribal plant,Silver nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14