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Simultaneous quantitative analysis of indomethacin and benzoic acid in gel using ultra-violet-visible spectrophotometry and chemometrics
摘要： BACKGROUND: In order to manufacture pharmaceutical products, real-time monitoring in the manufacturing process is necessary, but large equipment cost is required to achieve it. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research is to use ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy along with chemometrics procedure to simultaneously quantitative analysis of indomethacin (IMC) and benzoic acid (BA) in the gel during pharmaceutical manufacturing process. METHODS: The gel preparations were contained of 0.1–1.5% IMC, 0.015–0.225% BA, 2% carbopol? 941 and 95% ethanol solution. The calibration models were constructed using the partial least square regression (PLS). RESULTS: The relationships of the measured and predicted concentrations for both IMC and BA had linear plots. The developed PLS calibration models were used to monitor the IMC and BA concentrations during mixing of the gels by the planetary centrifugal and conventional mixers, respectively. IMC and BA were gradually dispersed, dissolved and completely homogeneous within 30 min by the centrifugal mixer. In contrast, IMC and BA were slowly dispersed, dissolved and completely homogeneous at more than 60 min by the conventional mixer. CONCLUSIONS: The ultra-violet-visible spectrophotometric method couples with multivariate chemometric techniques for quantitative data analysis were successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of major component IMC and trace component BA in the gel.
关键词： benzoic acid,indomethacin,partial least square regression,Ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy,process analysis technology,process monitoring
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Enhanced hole transport in benzoic acid doped spiro-OMeTAD composite layer with intergrowing benzoate phase for perovskite solar cells
摘要： Spiro-OMeTAD is one of the widely used hole-transfer materials for designing high-performance perovskite solar cells. It is reported that acid doping is an efficient and facile method to increase the conductivity of spiro-OMeTAD and accelerate its oxidation process. Besides, investigating the morphologic controlling mechanism of spiro-OMeTAD films would give a novel insight in designing the hole-transport layer (HTL) and further clarify the mechanism of acid additives. In this work, the effect of benzoic acid on the spiro-OMeTAD oxidation is studied, where the formation of the lithium benzoate phase can decrease the size of hollows in the spiro-OMeTAD film. By doping benzoic acid, the HTL exhibits faster oxidation process and better hole transfer ability. Meanwhile, the hysteresis of the perovskite solar device based on the HTL is effectively reduced via optimizing the doping content, with an improved power conversion efficiency reaching up to 16.26% under standard AM 1.5G illumination.
关键词： Benzoic acid,Perovskite solar cells,Hole-transport layer,Oxidation of spiro-OMeTAD
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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SERS detection of sodium thiocyanate and benzoic acid preservatives in liquid milk using cysteamine functionalized core-shelled nanoparticles
摘要： A cysteamine functionalized core shelled nanoparticles (Au@Ag-CysNPs) was presented for simultaneous and rapid detection of sodium thiocyanate (STC) and benzoic acid (BA) preservatives in liquid milk using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique. A spectrum covering 350-2350 cm-1 region was selected to detect STC with concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 10 mg/L and BA with concentrations ranging from 15 to 240 mg/L in milk samples. Characterization of nanoparticles using high-resolution TEM confirmed that the successful synthesis of Au@AgNPs with core (gold) size of 28 nm and shell (silver) thickness of about 5 nm was grafted with 120 μL of 0.1 nM cysteamine hydrochloride. Results showed that Au@Ag-CysNPs could be used to detect STC up to 0.03 mg/L with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.039 mg/L and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9833 in the milk sample. For detecting BA, it could be screened up to 9.8 mg/L with LOQ of 10.2 mg/L and R2 of 0.9903. The proposed substrate was also highly sensitive and the employed method involved only minor sample pretreatment steps. It is thus hoped that the new substrate could be used in the screening of prohibited chemicals in complex food matrices in future studies.
关键词： SERS,milk adulteration,sodium thiocyanate,nanoparticles,benzoic acid
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Interfacial Engineering through Chloride-Functionalized Self-Assembled Monolayers for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： The family of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHPs) materials is one of the most promising for very high efficiency photovoltaic solar cells application. In the present work, the effect of a series of self-assembled monolayers placed at the TiO2-perovskite junction, on the functioning of triple cation perovskite solar cells has been investigated. We show that employing 4-chlorobenzoic acid leads to the marked boosting of the solar cells performances. The starting pristine cell had a 20.3% power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the chemical engineering permitted to reach a PCE up to 21.35%. Our experimental study completed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and modelling show that this improvement is due to the reduction of interfacial states, to the improvement of the quality of the OIHP material and to the structural continuity between TiO2 and the OIHP. Especially, we demonstrate that the interfacial chemical interactions are important to consider in the design of highly efficient devices.
关键词： Perovskite solar cells,Self-assembled monolayers,Hydrides,Benzoic acid derivatives,High efficiency,Density functional theory
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Ultrasensitive Fluorescence Detection of Peroxymonosulfate Based on a Sulfate Radical-Mediated Aromatic Hydroxylation
摘要： Recently, peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes have exhibited broad application prospects in the field of environment. Accordingly, a simple, rapid and ultrasensitive method is highly desired for the specific recognition and accurate quantification of PMS in various aqueous solutions. In this work, SO4??-induced aromatic hydroxylation was explored, and based on that, for the first time, a novel fluorescence method was developed for the PMS determination using Co2+ as a PMS activator and benzoic acid (BA) as a chemical probe. Through a suite of spectral, chromatographic, and mass spectrometric analyses, SO4?? was proven to be the dominant radical species, and salicylic acid was identified as the fluorescent molecule. As a result, a whole radical chain reaction mechanism for the generation of salicylic acid in the BA/PMS/Co2+ system was proposed. This ?uorescence method possessed a rapid reaction equilibrium (< 1 min), an ultrahigh sensitivity (detection limit = 10 nM; quantification limit = 33 nM), an excellent specificity and a wide detection range (0–100 μM). Moreover, it performed well in the presence of possible interfering substances, including two other peroxides (i.e., peroxydisulfate and hydrogen peroxide), some common ions and organics. The detection results for real water samples further validated the practical utility of the developed fluorescence method. This work provides a new method for the specific recognition and sensitive determination of PMS in complex aqueous solutions.
关键词： benzoic acid,aromatic hydroxylation,fluorescence detection,sulfate radical,salicylic acid,peroxymonosulfate
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Gas Adsorption and Fluorescent Sensing Properties of Two Porous Lanthanide Metal-Organic Frameworks Based on 3,5-Bis(2-carboxy-phenoxy)-Benzoic Acid
摘要： Two porous isomorphic 3D Eu(Ⅲ)/Nd(Ⅲ) lanthanide metal?organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs), formulated as {[Eu(BCPB)(H2O)(DMF)]·H2O·1.5CH3OH}n (1) and {[Nd(BCPB)(H2O)(DMF)]·2H2O}n (2), have been designed and synthesized by using the tripodal ligand of 3,5-bis(2-carboxy-phenoxy)-benzoic acid (H3BCPB) under solvothermal condition. Complexes 1 and 2 display 3D (3,6)-c net with the point symbol of {4.62}2{42.610.83}. Furthermore, fluorescent measurements showed 1 has highly selective detection for Fe3+ and CrO4 2- ions in aqueous solution, which shows that it acts as a chemical sensor for detecting Fe3+/CrO4 2- in aqueous solution. Meanwhile, gas adsorption properties of 1 and 2 have also been studied at different temperatures for N2, CH4 and CO2.
关键词： Fluorescent Properties,Adsorption Properties,Lanthanide Metal?Organic Frameworks,3,5-Bis(2-Carboxy-Phenoxy)-Benzoic Acid
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Syntheses, structures, photoluminescence, and magnetism of a series of 3,5-di(3,4-dicarboxylphenyloxy)benzoate-based complexes tuned by N-donor co-ligands and transition metal ions
摘要： Six transition metal–organic complexes based on 3,5-di(3,4-dicarboxylphenyloxy)benzoic acid (H5L) and different N-donor co-ligands, namely, Cu(H3L)(2,20-bpy)(cid:2)H2O (1), Zn2(HL)(2,20-bpy)2 (2), Cd2(HL)(2,20-bpy)2(H2O) (3), Cd2(HL)(phen)4(cid:2)5H2O (4), Cu(H3L)(phen) (5), and Cu(H3L)(4,40-bpy)(cid:2)H2O (6) (2,20-bpy = 2,20-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, 4,40-bpy = 4,40-bipyridine), were successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by elemental analyses, IR, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Complexes 1 and 5 possess discrete zero-dimensional (0D) structures which are further assembled into three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular frameworks by hydrogen-bonding interactions and p–p stacking interactions. Complexes 2 and 3 display similar 3D frameworks with different topologies. Complex 4 shows a one-dimensional (1D) chain which is further connected into a two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular layer via p–p stacking interactions. Complex 6 exhibits a 1D chain which is further extended into a 3D supramolecular network through hydrogen-bonding interactions. The H5L ligand is partially deprotonated in 1–6. The N-donor co-ligands and transition metal ions have important effects on the architectures of 1–6. The photoluminescent properties of 2–4 and the magnetic properties of 1 and 6 were also studied.
关键词： 3,5-Di(3,4-dicarboxylphenyloxy)benzoic acid,Magnetic property,N-donor co-ligand,Photoluminescent property,Transition metal
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14