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Effects of the Plastic of the Realistic GeePS-L2S-Breast Phantom
摘要： A breast phantom developed at the Supelec Institute was interrogated to study its suitability for microwave tomography measurements. A microwave measurement system based on 16 monopole antennas and a vector network analyzer was used to study how the S-parameters are influenced by insertion of the phantom. The phantom is a 3D-printed structure consisting of plastic shells that can be filled with tissue mimicking liquids. The phantom was filled with different liquids and tested with the measurement system to determine whether the plastic has any effects on the recovered images or not. Measurements of the phantom when it is filled with the same liquid as the surrounding coupling medium are of particular interest. In this case, the phantom plastic has a substantial effects on the measurements which ultimately detracts from the desired images.
关键词： phantom,tomography,microwave imaging,breast cancer
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Point: Mammography screening— sticking to the science
摘要： The concept underlying screening is that, by detecting potentially lethal cancers in a population at an earlier point than when those cancers would surface clinically, earlier and less harsh treatment can be given, reducing both mortality and morbidity. The efficacy of screening women between the ages of 40 and 69 for breast cancer has been demonstrated in individual randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, with overall mortality reductions varying between 19% and 31%. Furthermore, observational studies of screening as delivered in more than 20 organized programs has shown mammography screening to be effective, with participating populations being associated with mortality reductions of 40% or higher compared with mortality in nonparticipating populations over the age range of 40–74 years.
关键词： randomized controlled trials,breast cancer,observational studies,mortality reduction,mammography screening
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Measuring Estrogen Receptor Functionality using Progesterone Receptor PET Imaging: Rising to the (Estradiol) Challenge!
摘要： Prognosis and therapy choice for breast cancer greatly depend upon pathohistological evaluation of biopsies and surgical samples. More specifically, the Estrogen Receptor (ER) – Progesterone Receptor (PR) – human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) triad provides crucial information on which clinicians guide their intervention. Indeed, positivity for one or several of those receptors indicates that the use of hormone- or immuno-therapy against their respective targets is likely to benefit the afflicted patient.
关键词： PET Imaging,Breast Cancer,Estradiol Challenge,Progesterone Receptor,Estrogen Receptor
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) - Athens, Greece (2018.10.7-2018.10.10)] 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) - Bi-Rads Classification of Breast Cancer: A New Pre-Processing Pipeline for Deep Models Training
摘要： One of the main difficulties in the use of deep learning strategies in medical contexts is the training set size. While these methods need large annotated training sets, these datasets are costly to obtain in medical contexts and suffer from intra and inter-subject variability. In the present work, two new pre-processing techniques are introduced to improve a deep classifier performance. First, data augmentation based on co-registration is suggested. Then, multi-scale enhancement based on Difference of Gaussians is proposed. Results are accessed in a public mammogram database, the InBreast, in the context of an ordinal problem, the BI-RADS classification. Moreover, a pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network with the AlexNet architecture was used as a base classifier. The multi-class classification experiments show that the proposed pipeline with the Difference of Gaussians and the data augmentation technique outperforms using the original dataset only and using the original dataset augmented by mirroring the images.
关键词： Breast cancer,BI-RADS classification,Image pre-processing,Mammography,Deep learning
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Comparison of Upright Digital Breast Tomosynthesis–guided versus Prone Stereotactic Vacuum-assisted Breast Biopsy
摘要： To compare the performance of upright digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT)–guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) with that of prone stereotactic (PS) VABB. This retrospective review involved consecutive patients who underwent PS VABB from August 2014 to December 2015 and upright DBT-guided VABB from February 2016 to June 2017. Tissue sampling methods were the same for PS and DBT-guided biopsies. Wilcoxon and Pearson x2 tests were used to compare the groups. During the study period, 439 PS VABBs in 408 patients (mean age, 56.5 years; age range, 32–84 years) and 706 DBT-guided VABBs in 682 patients (mean age, 57.9 years; age range, 23–90 years) were recommended. Technical success was achieved for more lesions with DBT-guided VABB versus PS VABB (99.3% [695 of 700] vs 95.1% [410 of 431], respectively; P , .001). Mean procedure time was shorter with DBT-guided VABB versus PS VABB (12 vs 27 minutes, respectively; P , .001), and fewer exposures were acquired with DBT-guided VABB versus PS VABB (three vs 12, respectively; P , .001). A higher percentage of lesions for which DBT-guided VABB was performed were noncalcified lesions (eg, architectural distortion, asymmetry, and mass) than for PS VABB (29.2% [203 of 695] vs 3.4% [14 of 410], respectively; P , .001). There were no differences in the distribution of histologic results (P = .42). No major complications were observed in either group. Upright digital breast tomosynthesis–guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy has a higher rate of technical success than does prone stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy and can be performed in less than half the time and with one-fourth of the exposures. In addition, more architectural distortions and asymmetries are amenable to biopsy with digital breast tomosynthesis–guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy.
关键词： upright biopsy,prone stereotactic,digital breast tomosynthesis,breast cancer,vacuum-assisted breast biopsy
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Comparison of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) and Digital Mammography (DM) for Detection of Breast Cancer in Women in Kuwait
摘要： Objective: To investigate the sensitivity and specificity of digital mammography (DM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) for the detection of breast cancer in comparison to histopathology findings. Subjects and Methods: We included 65 breast lesions in 58 women, each detected by two diagnostic mammography techniques: DM and DBT using Senographe Essential machine (GE Healthcare, Buc, France), and subsequently confirmed by histopathology. The Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) was used for characterizing the lesions. Results: The average age of women was 48.3 years (range; 26-81 years). There were 34 malignant and 31 benign breast lesions. The sensitivity for DM and DBT, was 73.5% and 100%, respectively, while the specificity was 67.7% and 94%, respectively. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed an overall diagnostic advantage of DBT over DM, with significant a difference between DBT and DM (p < 0.001). By performing Cohen’s kappa test, we found that there was a strong level of agreement according to Altman guidelines between DBT and histopathology findings (0.97), but there was weak agreement between DM and histopathology findings (0.47). Conclusion: DBT improves the clinical accuracy of mammography by increasing both sensitivity and specificity. We believe this improvement is due to improved image visibility and quality. These results could be of interest to health care institutions as it may impact their decision on whether to upgrade to DBT not only for diagnosis but also for screening.
关键词： Digital breast tomosynthesis,Digital mammography,Histopathology,Breast cancer
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Novel Handheld Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy Probe for Breast Cancer Assessment: Clinical Study
摘要： Diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) and diffuse optical tomography (DOT) are non-invasive breast cancer assessment modalities which employ near-infrared (NIR) light to measure optical properties of biological tissue. These properties cannot be measured by other methods including X-ray mammography, ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which are main breast cancer diagnosis tools. The objective of this paper is to test and validate a recently designed and developed hand-held continuous-wave radio-frequency modulated diffuse optical spectroscopy probe in a clinical trial performed on patients who diagnosed to have breast cancer. The probe has an encapsulated light emitting diode (eLED) including four wavelengths (690 nm, 750 nm, 800 nm and 850 nm) and two photodiodes located in reflectance geometry. The direct approach method has been used to extract concentration of two main chronophers in the breast tissue including deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb) and oxy-hemoglobin (HbO2). The results of the clinical trial, which included fourteen patients, show that the RF-DOS probe can correctly classify the cancerous lesion from healthy tissue in the breast. The results prove that the absorption coefficient of the breast tumor is higher than normal tissue due to higher vascularization level in four mentioned wavelengths. Conclusively, the results show 92 percent sensitivity for the extracted absorption coefficient.
关键词： Diffuse optical spectroscopy,Optical properties of biological tissue,Breast cancer,Clinical trial
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Mammography facilities serving vulnerable women have longer follow-up times
摘要： Objective: To investigate mammography facilities’ follow- up times, population vulnerability, system- based processes, and association with cancer stage at diagnosis. Data sources: Prospectively collected from San Francisco Mammography Registry (SFMR) 2005- 2011, California Cancer Registry 2005- 2012, SFMR facility survey 2012. Study design: We examined time to biopsy for 17 750 abnormal mammogram results (BI- RADS 4/5), categorizing eight facilities as short or long follow- up based on proportion of mammograms with biopsy at 30 days. We examined facility population vulnerability (race/ethnicity, language, education), and system processes. Among women with a cancer diagnosis, we modeled odds of advanced- stage (≥IIb) cancer diagnosis by facility follow- up group. Data extraction methods: Merged SFMR, Cancer Registry and facility survey data. Principal findings: Facilities (N = 4) with short follow-up completed biopsies by 30 days for 82% of mammograms compared with 62% for facilities with long follow- up (N = 4) (P < 0.0001). All facilities serving high proportions of vulnerable women were long follow- up facilities. The long follow- up facilities had fewer radiologists, longer biopsy appointment wait times, and less communication directly with women. Having the index abnormal mammogram at a long follow- up facility was associated with higher adjusted odds of advanced- stage cancer (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.10- 1.91). Conclusions: Providing mammography facilities serving vulnerable women with appropriate resources may decrease disparities in abnormal mammogram follow- up and cancer diagnosis stage.
关键词： vulnerable populations,facility characteristics,delay,breast cancer,abnormal mammogram
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Artificial intelligence methods for the diagnosis of breast cancer by image processing: a review
摘要： Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women around the world. Despite enormous medical progress, breast cancer has still remained the second leading cause of death worldwide; thus, its early diagnosis has a significant impact on reducing mortality. However, it is often difficult to diagnose breast abnormalities. Different tools such as mammography, ultrasound, and thermography have been developed to screen breast cancer. In this way, the computer helps radiologists identify chest abnormalities more efficiently using image processing and artificial intelligence (AI) tools. This article examined various methods of AI using image processing to diagnose breast cancer. It was a review study through library and Internet searches. By searching the databases such as Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) via PubMed, Springer, IEEE, ScienceDirect, and Gray Literature (including Google Scholar, articles published in conferences, government technical reports, and other materials not controlled by scientific publishers) and searching for breast cancer keywords, AI and medical image processing techniques were extracted. The results were provided in tables to demonstrate different techniques and their results over recent years. In this study, 18,651 articles were extracted from 2007 to 2017. Among them, those that used similar techniques and reported similar results were excluded and 40 articles were finally examined. Since each of the articles used image processing, a list of features related to the image used in each article was also provided. The results showed that support vector machines had the highest accuracy percentage for different types of images (ultrasound =95.85%, mammography =93.069%, thermography =100%). Computerized diagnosis of breast cancer has greatly contributed to the development of medicine, is constantly being used by radiologists, and is clear in ethical and medical fields with regard to its effects. Computer-assisted methods increase diagnosis accuracy by reducing false positives.
关键词： medical image processing,breast cancer screening techniques,breast cancer,artificial intelligence techniques
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Autofluorescence of Breast Cancer Proteins
摘要： Background: The intensity of the blood as well as tissue autofluorescence (fluorescence of endogenous fluorophores) shows current structure of protein mixture, its current conformation (native or denatured state), concentration or activity depending on the external and internal conditions. Nicotine amide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a cofactor in redox reactions of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle in eukaryotic cells and it can be a marker of the intensity of mitochondria metabolism as well as the presence of oxygen in the cells. The concentration of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) varies during normoxia, hypoxia and hyperoxia cells. Cancer cells increase the concentration of NADH during hypoxia and anoxia. The reason of NADH cumulation is microenvironment with low or no oxygen supply which induces glycolysis as a preferential source of energy. Glycolysis is faster, does not need oxygen but is less effective than oxidative phosphorylation. Focus: The aim of this work was to measure the structure of blood plasma and mammary gland homogenates of patients at three stages of breast cancer in comparison to healthy subjects using fluorescence analysis and atomic force microscopy. The blood plasma of patients with breast cancer had a different structure of proteins in comparison to healthy subjects. The blood plasma and homogenate of patients with breast cancer showed significant increase in autofluorescence intensity, which represents mixture of various endogenous fluorophores in particular porphyrins, collagen, NAD and flavins. Prospect: The information about complex summary of fluorescence intensity of all mixtures of endogenous fluorophores may in the future serve as rapid preliminary markers of cancer. The fluorescence analysis might be a non-traditional methodology for an early rapid diagnosis of breast cancer in the next clinical practice.
关键词： breast cancer proteins,blood plasma,Nicotine amide adenine dinucleotide,breast cancer homogenate,fluorophores,autofluorescence
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14