- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
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In-Parallel Polar Monitoring of Chemiluminescence Emission Anisotropy at the Solida??Liquid Interface by an Optical Fiber Radial Array
摘要： Chemiluminescence (CL) detection is widely employed in biosensors and miniaturized analytical devices since it offers high detectability and flexible device design (there are no geometry requirements for the measurement cell, except the ability to collect the largest fraction of emitted photons). Although the emission anisotropy phenomenon for an emitting dipole bound to the interface between two media with different refractive index is well known for fluorescence, it is still poorly investigated for CL reactions, in which the excited-state reaction products can diffuse in solution before the photon emission event. In this paper, we propose a simple method for the real-time evaluation of the CL emission anisotropy based on a radial array of optical fibers, embedded in a poly(methyl methacrylate) semicylinder and coupled with a Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) camera through a suitable interface. The polar-time evolutions of the CL emission have been studied for catalyzing enzymes immobilized onto a solid surface (heterogeneous configuration) or free in solution (homogeneous configuration). Evidence of the anisotropy phenomenon is observed, indicating that the lifetime of the excited-state products of the enzyme-catalyzed reactions is shorter than the time required for their diffusion in solution at a distance at which the CL can be considered isotropic. These results open new perspectives in the development of CL-based miniaturized analytical devices.
关键词： CCD camera detector,chemiluminescence,emission anisotropy,multimode optical fiber
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Introducing an Application of a Charged Coupled Device (CCD) in an Optical Tomography System
摘要： A tomographic system is a method used for capturing an image of an internal object section. Optical tomography is one method which widely used in medical and industrial fields. This paper reviews several applications of Charged Coupled Devices (CCD) and introduces an application of a CCD in an optical tomography system. Most of the previous research used this component for displacement measurement and as a video camera. This paper discusses its basic principle of operation, basic construction, its criteria, application, and its advantages compared to other optoelectronic sensors available in today’s market. The applications of this sensor in fields such as astronomy and medical has proved the ability and the good performance of CCD in capturing images. This sensor should widen its usage in optical tomography fields because it can give high performance in image reconstruction.
关键词： Tomography,applications,Charged Coupled Device (CCD),optical tomography
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Using a CCD Camera Based Imaging Lidar to Profile Boundary Layer Aerosols and Determine Cloud Thickness
摘要： Aerosols play a key role in climate change by affecting earth’s radiation budget, and by influencing cloud properties and precipitation patterns in the atmosphere. Additionally, local and regional air quality is affected by natural and anthropogenic aerosols. Lidar systems are capable of measuring altitude dependent aerosol properties over continuous time spans, and thus are widely used optical remote sensing tools for atmospheric monitoring. In this study, we have utilized a CCD camera-based bistatic imaging Lidar (CLidar) to monitor spatial and temporal distributions of boundary layer aerosols in Nassau, Bahamas.
关键词： CCD camera,boundary layer,cloud thickness,aerosols,Lidar,climate change
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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An Amateur's Guide to Observing and Imaging the Heavens || Imaging with Cooled CCD Cameras
摘要： The latest DSLR cameras can do a very good job of astro-imaging and can, of course, be used for general photography as well, so why go to the expense of buying a cooled CCD camera? The main reason lies in the word ‘cooled’. All imaging chips produce dark current noise which increases with exposure time and is also highly dependent on its temperature, that of a typical chip dropping by half for each drop of 6 degrees Celsius in temperature. So, if the chip is cooled by 30 degrees below ambient temperature, the dark current noise will have dropped by about 5 times, so allowing longer exposures to be taken before dark current noise becomes a problem. Given dark skies that do not suffer from light pollution, this can allow images to reveal faint nebulosity that would otherwise be lost in the noise. When significant light pollution is present, the exposure times, and hence the dark current contribution, have to be less, before the skylight becomes obtrusive, and so cooling does not confer as great an advantage. The latest chips have very low dark currents, and it is rarely worth cooling them down below about –20 C. This temperature can normally be reached with the single-stage Peltier cooling employed in CCD cameras aimed at the amateur market.
关键词： Peltier cooling,light pollution,cooled CCD cameras,dark current noise,astro-imaging
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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A Novel Multi-Points Laser Monitoring of Building Settlement and Its Risk Evaluation
摘要： Aiming at the defects of routine settlement measurement methods, such as complicated procedures, time-consuming and labor-intensive, high cost and low measurement accuracy, based on the analysis of existing engineering measurement technical requirements and specifications, a multi-point high precision and high efficiency based on laser reference is proposed. The automatic building settlement real-time monitoring system program gives the principle and system model of single-point settlement observation. The model of multi-point scanning settlement monitoring system and the model of multi-point network settlement monitoring system are designed, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. We focus on the networked multi-point settlement monitoring system for network cumulative error analysis, and propose related evaluation and correction methods. The hardware schematic and software block diagram of the laser reference measurement and measurement system of the single point settlement acquisition system are given. Finally, the risk of subsidence state is quantitatively evaluated based on multi-point settlement monitoring data. The measurement error of this method is less than 300 μm, which can realize the monitoring and evaluation of the overall settlement.
关键词： measurement technology,linear array Charge-Coupled Device (CCD),settlement chain,laser reference
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Coarse-to-Fine Extraction of Small-Scale Lunar Impact Craters From the CCD Images of the Chang'E Lunar Orbiters
摘要： Lunar impact craters form the basis for lunar geological stratigraphy, and small-scale craters further enrich the basic statistical data for the estimation of local geological ages. Thus, the extraction of lunar impact craters is an important branch of modern planetary studies. However, few studies have reported on the extraction of small-scale craters. Therefore, this paper proposes a coarse-to-fine resolution method to automatically extract small-scale impact craters from charge-coupled device (CCD) images using histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) features and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. First, large-scale craters are extracted as samples from the Chang'E-1 images with spatial resolutions of 120 m. The SVM classifier is then employed to establish the criteria for classifying craters and noncraters from the HOG features of the extracted samples. The criteria are then used to extract small-scale craters from higher resolution Chang'E-2 CCD images with spatial resolutions of 1.4, 7, and 50 m. The sample database is updated with the newly extracted small-scale craters for the purpose of the progressive optimization of the extraction. The proposed method is tested on both simulated images and multiple resolutions of real CCD images acquired by the Chang'E orbiters and provides high accuracy results in the extraction of the small-scale impact craters, the smallest of which is 20 m.
关键词： small-scale impact craters,Chang'E satellites,charge-coupled device (CCD) images,support vector machine (SVM) classifier,histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) feature
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Dynamic proportional-fuzzy grip control for?robot arm by two-dimensional vision sensing method
摘要： In this study, a four-degree of freedom (4-DOF) robot arm uses an innovative two-dimensional vision sensing method to grip a moving target on a moving platform. This study utilizes forward and inverse kinematics to establish a dynamic model of the 4-DOF robot arm. A computer as a controller and a single charge-coupled device (CCD) calculates the two-dimensional vision sensing method and sends commands to an Arduino Uno microcontroller to drive the robot arm. According to simulation results of transient and steady states in MATLAB SimMechanics, the response of the dynamic proportional-fuzzy controller is better than the response of proportional–integral–derivative controller. To demonstrate a precise control of the point-contact grip, this study utilizes a ping pong ball as a target on a moving platform. Using the dynamic proportional-fuzzy controller based on the two-dimensional vision sensing method, the 4-DOF robot arm can position, grip, and carry a moving ping pong ball to a designated place in three-dimensional space, which breaks through the previous two-dimensional limitation using a single CCD. This breakthrough can reduce the weight and cost of the robot arm. Therefore, this study aims to utilize the technology to grip moving targets on a moving platform for manpower cost reduction in the industry or agriculture domain in the future.
关键词： dynamic proportional-fuzzy controller,two-dimension limitation using a single CCD,Four-degree of freedom robot arm,forward and inverse kinematics,two-dimensional vision sensing method
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Central Composite Design (CCD) Optimized Synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2@AgCl/Ag/Ag2S as a Novel Magnetic Nano-Photocatalyst for Catalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants
摘要： In this study, we formulated and synthesized an efficient visible light-active magnetic nano-photocatalyst, Fe3O4@SiO2@AgCl/Ag/Ag2S, to decompose methyl orange (MO) as a model organic pollutant. XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, DRS, and VSM analyses were used to characterize the developed magnetic nano-photocatalyst. Moreover, central composite design (CCD) modeling, which is based on response surface methodology (RSM) modeling, is utilized to optimize the synthetic and operating conditions to maximize the photocataytic performance. The CCD-optimized values for molar ratio of AgCl to Fe3O4, molar ratio of Ag2S to Fe3O4, and the photocatalyst dosage are found to be 0.8, 0.27, and 1.27 g/L, respectively. The developed Fe3O4@SiO2@AgCl/Ag/Ag2S nano-photocatalyst shows a superior photocatalytic activity in decomposition of MO, degrading around 90% and 99% of MO in 30 min and one hour, respectively, under visible light illumination, at which the predicted values are in a good agreement with the experimental values (R2=0.971 and Adj-R2=0.945). Meanwhile, the morphological, physicochemical, and magnetic properties of the developed nano-photocatalyst are largely retained over ten successive cycles of photocatalytic reactions, and no significant decline in the photocatalytic activity is observed.
关键词： Magnetic Nano-Photocatalyst,Central Composite Design (CCD),Organic Pollutant,AgCl/Ag/Ag2S,Water Treatment
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Accurate Height Change Estimation Method Using Phase Interferometry of Multiple Band-Divided SAR Images
摘要： Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an indispensable tool for low visibility ground surface measurement owing to its robustness against optically harsh environments such as adverse weather or darkness. As a leading-edge approach for SAR image processing, the coherent change detection (CCD) technique has been recently established; it detects a temporal change in the same region according to the phase interferometry of two complex SAR images. However, in the case of general damage assessment following an earthquake or mudslide, the technique requires not only the detection of surface change but also an assessment for height change quantity, such as occurs with a building collapse or road subsidence. While the interferometric SAR (InSAR) approach is suitable for height assessment, it is basically unable to detect change if only a single observation is made. To address this issue, we previously proposed a method of estimating height change according to phase interferometry of the coherence function obtained by dual band-divided SAR images. However, the accuracy of this method significantly degrades in noisy situations owing to the use of the phase difference. To resolve this problem, this paper proposes a novel height estimation method by exploiting the frequency characteristic of coherence phases obtained by each SAR image multiply band-divided. The results obtained from numerical simulations and experimental data demonstrate that our proposed method offers accurate height change estimation while avoiding degradation in the spatial resolution.
关键词： multiply band-divided SAR images,synthetic aperture radar (SAR),height change estimation,coherent change detection (CCD)
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Evolution of Ultra-high-speed Image Sensors; 超高速度イメージセンサ;
摘要： 2009 年のノーベル賞を受賞した Boyle と Smith が撮像に CCD が使えそうだと示唆したのは 48 年前である1)．その後のイメージセンサの進化は目覚しく，空間解像度や感度は限界に近付きつつある．最先端のイメージセンサの画素サイズは(cid:9873)μm 近くに，量子効率（発生電子数／入射光子数）は 0.8 以上に，ノイズレベルは 1 photon 以下にまで小さくなった．今やイメージセンサを使わない可視化技術はないと言って良い．細密な空間分解能を要求されるホログラフィにおいてもデジタルホログラフィという呼び名でイメージセンサによる撮像が行われることが一般的になった．現在の技術であれば，フィルム用の銀塩粒子のサイズはナノメータ程度にまで小さくできるが，可視光の波長は 0.4μm?0.7μm であるからあまり小さくしても意味がない．一方，イメージセンサにおいても，シリコン結晶への緑色光の侵入深さは約(cid:9873)μm であり，赤色光に至っては(cid:9875)μm に達するから，画素サイズを(cid:9873)μm 以下にしても画素間のクロストークが過大になり，カラーイメージセンサでは色再現が困難になるだけである．一方，高速化についてはまだまだ進化の余地がある．本稿では高速度イメージセンサやビデオカメラについて進化の過程を俯瞰する．
关键词： CMOS,3D接合型イメージセンサ,バーストイメージセンサ,超高速度イメージセンサ,CCD
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46