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Extraction of rare earth oxides from discarded compact fluorescent lamps
摘要： Discarded CFL samples are evaluated as a potential source of REEs (Y, Eu, Ce, Tb). The phosphors powder obtained from mechanical separation contains 31% rare earth values. The quantitative XRD analysis of phosphor sample yielded 39.9% red (YOX: Y1.90Eu0.10O3), 14.6% green (CAT: Al11Ce0.67MgO19Tb0.33), and 21.4% blue (BAM: Al10.09Ba0.96Mg0.91O17: Eu2+) phosphor along with 14.1% silica. Planetary ball milling was found promising in the liberation of REEs from given phosphor sample. A short milling of 20–30 min and 3–4 M acid concentration was found adequate for optimal recovery (> 90%) of REEs. Calcination of the precipitates resulted in the formation of REO with Y-Eu purity of > 98% and > 90% recovery rate. Eu, Y phase dissolution behavior was found completely different than Ce, Tb phase due to inert nature of Al11Ce0.67MgO19Tb0.33 till 120 min milling and 6 M acid concentration in leaching. Excessive milling promotes overall dissolution along with impurities dissolution and which further restrict the precipitation process. Based on the complete material balance 13 g of a mixed oxide of Y and Eu can be obtained from 100 units of CFLs.
关键词： Discarded CFL,Phosphor,Rare earth elements,Leaching,Mechanical milling
更新于2025-11-21 11:18:25
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[IEEE 2019 4th International Conference on Information Technology, Information Systems and Electrical Engineering (ICITISEE) - Yogyakarta, Indonesia (2019.11.20-2019.11.21)] 2019 4th International Conference on Information Technology, Information Systems and Electrical Engineering (ICITISEE) - The Mapping of Lighting Intensity from the Light Distribution on LED and CFL Lamps
摘要： Electricity is an essential need for humans, specifically for the lighting function. Lighting is needed to aid humans visually perceive objects in areas that require lighting, both at night and during the day. At this day, there are two type of lamps that are extensively employed, paticularly the type of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) and Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL). The adoption of lights in an area takes a lot of energy, so it is particularly crucial to choose the appropriate type of lamp that is adequate to perform effectively and efficiently. To determine the light distribution of the two types of lights, it is crucial to investigate the distribution of light. The investigation was carried out by the direct measurement technique on 6 and 8 watt LED lamps, as well as on CFL lamps 11 and 14 watt using luxmeter in an area projecting 3x4 meters. The analysis range is varied in several horizontal and vertical points. From the assessment results it was noticed that the LED and CFL lamps the value of the light intensity reduces if the horizontal and vertical distance of the measurement point are far from the lamp. The ends of the light distribution mapping discovered that the light distribution on the LED lights is better indeed and brighter at each point. This is because all the electrons recombine with holes. Whereas in the CFL lamp there has been a filament heating and ionization between the electrons with argon gas and mercury vapor which generates another energy which is relatively large heat energy.
关键词： CFL,Light Distribution,Lighting Intensity,Mapping,LED
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Artificial Light at Night of Different Spectral Compositions Differentially Affects Tumor Growth in Mice: Interaction With Melatonin and Epigenetic Pathways
摘要： Lighting technology is rapidly advancing toward shorter wavelength illuminations that offer energy-efficient properties. Along with this advantage, the increased use of such illuminations also poses some health challenges, particularly breast cancer progression. Here, we evaluated the effects of artificial light at night (ALAN) of 4 different spectral compositions (500-595 nm) at 350 Lux on melatonin suppression by measuring its urine metabolite 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, global DNA methylation, tumor growth, metastases formation, and urinary corticosterone levels in 4T1 breast cancer cell-inoculated female BALB/c mice. The results revealed an inverse dose-dependent relationship between wavelength and melatonin suppression. Short wavelength increased tumor growth, promoted lung metastases formation, and advanced DNA hypomethylation, while long wavelength lessened these effects. Melatonin treatment counteracted these effects and resulted in reduced cancer burden. The wavelength suppression threshold for melatonin-induced tumor growth was 500 nm. These results suggest that short wavelength increases cancer burden by inducing aberrant DNA methylation mediated by the suppression of melatonin. Additionally, melatonin suppression and global DNA methylation are suggested as promising biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer. Finally, ALAN may manifest other physiological responses such as stress responses that may challenge the survival fitness of the animal under natural environments.
关键词： body mass,EE-halogen,corticosterone,yellow-LED,light at night,carbon,6-SMT,GDM-levels,cosinor analysis,CFL
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 2nd International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI) - Tirunelveli, India (2018.5.11-2018.5.12)] 2018 2nd International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI) - Power Quality Analysis & Characterization of Different Types of Lamp Used for Domestic and Industrial Purpose
摘要： In past, the incandescent lamp (IL) which is resistive load is used. Its power factor is unity & current is harmonic free but it consumes more power & generate heat. Last few decades compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) is widely used as it has an advantage of less power consumption & longer life. Nowadays Light Emitting Diode (LED) is used and have less energy consumption as compared to others lamp. But it has very less power factor, even if CFL & LED have a less energy consumption. It has various disadvantages such as it produces harmonic current due to use of semiconductor based devices. As harmonic current passes through impedance, it causes voltage distortion & hence degrading the overall power quality. In this paper the focus is given to the measurement of various power quality parameters such as Total Power Consumption and Total Harmonic Distortion for Current (ITHD) and Voltage (VTHD), Power Factor, Harmonics. The fluke 435 Series II Power Quality Analyzer is used for analysing different lamps used for residential, commercial, industrial purpose. This distorted current is improved as well as harmonics can be reduced by using harmonic filter. But it involves additional cost & expenses. Power Quality can be improved by adding harmonic filter with circuitry in lamp. This can lead to the improvement in Power Quality of overall power system.
关键词： Power Quality,LED,IL,harmonic distortion,CFL,power factor,Power Quality Analyzer
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14