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High tension electrocution death: New histopathological cardiac tools by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope
摘要： In deaths due to electrocution intraepidermal separation, vacuolation of epidermal cells, “swiss cheese” aspect of the superficial part of epidermis (swollen and with multiple vescicles), metallization, necrosis of collagenous fibers, cardiomyocytes alterations are microscopically described. No cardiac nerve damage due to electricity is actually reported in literature. In this work we tried to find new morphological signs in the hearts of deaths due to electrocution. In three cases of deaths due to electrocution, in which forensic autopsies were performed within 36 h of the death, heart specimens were taken at the level of common trunk of the left coronary artery. The myocardium histological examination at optical microscope and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) revealed fragmentation of cardiomyocytes, nerve trunks damage with hydropic swelling of the nerve fibers, interstitial and sub-nerve-sheath edema, very dishomogenous distribution of the natural fluorescence of the neurofilaments, coarctation of epicardial gangliar cells with cytoplasmic cleft and irregular fluorescence pattern. Identification of S-100 protein by immunohistochemistry can help to better observe the hydropic swelling of the nerve fibers and the central cytoplasmic clefts. These alterations could be used in future as specific signs of the passage of the electrical current through the heart. We recommend heart specimens at the level of common trunk of the left coronary artery in all the cases of suspected electrocution, to better evaluate cardiac nerve trunks damages and alterations.
关键词： Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM),Histology,Cardiac nerves,Electrocution,Fluorescence,Heart
更新于2025-11-21 11:20:42
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Combined microscopy and spectroscopy techniques to characterize a fossilized feather with minimal damage to the specimen
摘要： The study of fossil feathers has been revitalized in the last few decades and has contributed significantly to paleontological studies of dinosaurs and birds. Specific morphological and physicochemical characteristics of the microscale structures of feathers and the protein keratin are key targets when preserved during the fossilization process. Keratin is a fibrous protein that composes some hard tissues such as hair, nails and feathers. It is part of the so called intermediate filaments inside keratinocyte cells and is rich in sulfur containing amino acid cysteine. To date, different microscopy and analytical methods have been used for the analysis and detailed characterization and classification of feathers. However, in this work we showed that analytical optical and electron microscopies can be quick and precise methods with minimal effects on the sample during analysis. This association of different approaches on the same sample results in correlative data albeit in different length scales. Intracellular bodies called melanosomes originally present in melanocyte cells were identified with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and had well-defined orientation and a mean aspect ratio comparable to melanosomes extant in dark feathers. The detection of sulphur in melanosomes via Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy both in SEM and TEM shows that, along the fossilization process, sulphur from the degraded keratin matrix could have been trapped inside the melanosomes. Chemical groups that make up keratin and melanin in the fossil sample were detected via FT-IR Spectroscopy and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). The use of combined analytical microscopy techniques can contribute significantly to the study of fossils generating precise results with minimum damage to the original sample.
关键词： EDS,Crato Formation,TEM,CLSM,FT-IR Spectroscopy,SEM
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA) - Hong Kong, China (2019.8.19-2019.8.21)] 2019 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA) - Novel Micro Scanning with Integrated Atomic Force Microscope and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope
摘要： Integrated atomic force microscope (AFM) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) can quickly obtain the three-dimensional (3-D) surface of the sample in large scanning range and recover the region of interesting (ROI) in nanoscale resolution. However, the traditional cooperative algorithm for integrated microscopes occupies too much scanning time. In this work, we develop a novel cooperative algorithm for the integrated microscopes to reduce scanning time of AFM and achieve higher scanning speed. First, the calibration of the microscopes will be implemented. Next, CLSM starts a large range scan first and then define the region of interesting (ROI) by edge detection. And then, the scan regions of the AFM are arranged based on the ROI and adaptive scanning region method is proposed to reduce the scanning time. Furthermore, variable speed scanning based on the height information obtained from CLSM image is applied to increase the AFM scanning speed. Finally, the scanning images obtained from AFM and CLSM are merged together. A series of experimental results show that proposed cooperative algorithm can save approximately 69.2% of scanning time compared with that obtained by traditional cooperative algorithm.
关键词： Atomic force microscope (AFM),adaptive scanning range,confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM),regions of interest (ROI),variable speed scanning
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Anatomy of the free tantulus larva (Crustacea: Tantulocarida) studied with confocal laser scanning microscopy: An extreme case of miniatuarisation in the Arthropoda
摘要： The Tantulocarida is a small taxon of microscopic parasitic crustaceans that has a sophisticated life-cycle. The unique larval stage is called a tantulus, which is adapted to both free-swimming in sediments and attached parasitic mode of life. The anatomy of free-swimming tantulus larvae was studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for the first time. This revealed previously undocumented details of the internal organisation of the Tantulocarida. Structures known to degrade after larval settlement were observed intact for the first time. The cement glands appeared to consist of six large, spherical cells with relatively large nuclei. The body muscles, proboscis and stylet retractors and protractors were able to be described in detail, whilst the central nervous system, including the compact brain and ventral nerve cord, were observed for the first time. This study has revealed the changes that occur in the internal organisation of the larvae after settlement, and provides a new understanding of certain general aspects of tantulocarid anatomy. The morphological adaptations to parasitism and the relatively minute size of these crustaceans are elucidated. Several aspects of arthropod miniaturisation are illustrated, using tantulocarids as examples. The potential for CLSM in studies of rare, microscopic arthropods is discussed.
关键词： Morphological adaptations,Microanatomy,Miniaturization,Deep sea,CLSM,Tantulocarida,Parasitic crustaceans
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52