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Zinc Rhodium Oxide and Its Possibility as a Constituent Photocatalyst for Carbon Dioxide Reduction using Water as an Electron Source
摘要： We evaluated the potential of zinc rhodium oxide (ZnRh2O4) as a carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction photocatalyst with the aid of triethanolamine (TEOA) as an electron donor and demonstrated that ZnRh2O4 was able to reduce CO2 to carbon monoxide (CO) under infrared light. Gold (Au) loading onto ZnRh2O4 greatly enhanced the CO2 reduction activity. Also, CO2 reduction was examined over a composite of ZnRh2O4 and bismuth vanadium oxide (Bi4V2O11) with inserted Au (ZnRh2O4/Au/Bi4V2O11) using H2O as the electron source, which led to the successful evolution of CO.
关键词： Carbon monoxide,Methane,Triethanolamine,Gold,Carbon dioxide reduction,Zinc rhodium oxide
更新于2025-11-19 16:51:07
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Removal of Ethylene and By-Products using Packed Bed Dielectric Barrier Discharge with Ag Nanoparticle-Loaded Zeolite
摘要： Ethylene gas was decomposed using packed-bed type dielectric barrier discharge (PBDBD) plasma reactor to keep freshness of fruits. The ethylene gas was diluted with gas mixture of nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide as simulated gas in the transportation container. The PBDBD plasma was generated by a pulse switching power supply which consisted of MOS-FET switching devices, capacitors and pulse transformers. The Ag nanoparticle-loaded zeolite as catalyst has high activity and good performance for reduction of ozone and oxidizing carbon monoxide at room temperature. The Ag nanoparticle-loaded zeolite pellets enhanced ethylene removal efficiency and reduced ozone and carbon monoxide produced by the plasma treatment. It was confirmed that the carbon monoxide in the gas simulated dry air composition was oxidized using Ag nanoparticle-loaded zeolite with plasma treatment.
关键词： plasma,catalyst,ethylene,PBDBD,carbon monoxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Preconditioning with carbon monoxide inhalation promotes retinal ganglion cell survival against optic nerve crush via inhibition of the apoptotic pathway
摘要： Optic neurodegeneration, in addition to central nervous trauma, initiates impairments to neurons resulting in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage. Carbon monoxide (CO) has been observed to elicit neuroprotection in various experimental models. The present study investigated the potential retinal neuroprotection of preconditioning with CO inhalation in a rat model of optic nerve crush (ONC). Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were preconditioned with inhaled CO (250 ppm) or air for 1 h prior to ONC. Animals were euthanized at 1 or 2 weeks following surgery. RGC densities were quantified by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and FluoroGold labeling. Visual function was measured via flash visual evoked potentials (FVEP). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and caspase-9 and caspase-3 activity in the retinas, were assessed at 2 weeks post-ONC. The RGC density of CO + crush rats was significantly increased compared with that of the corresponding crush-only rats at 2 weeks (survival rate, 66.2 vs. 48.2% as demonstrated by H&E staining, P<0.01; and 67.6 vs. 37.6% as demonstrated by FluoroGold labeling, P<0.05). FVEP measures indicated a significantly better-preserved latency and amplitude of the P1 wave in the CO + crush rats compared with the crush-only rats. The TUNEL assays demonstrated fewer apoptotic cells in the CO + crush group compared with the crush-only group, accompanied by the suppression of caspase-9 and caspase-3 activity. The results of the present study suggested that inhaled CO preconditioning may be neuroprotective against ONC insult via inhibition of neuronal apoptosis.
关键词： neuroprotection,optic nerve crush,carbon monoxide,preconditioning,retinal ganglion cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Multifunctional nanoplatforms for photoacoustic imaging-guided combined therapy enhanced by CO induced ferroptosis
摘要： A multifunctional CO/thermo/chemotherapy nanoplatform is here reported, which is composed of mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (MCN) as near-infrared (NIR)-responsive drug carrier, doxorubicin (DOX) as chemotherapeutic drug and triiron dodecacarbonyl (FeCO) as thermosensitive CO prodrug. The nanoplatform could absorb near-infrared (NIR) light and convert it into ample heat to trigger CO release and could also release DOX in the acidic tumor microenvironment. More importantly, the generated CO molecules successfully increase cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutics by the ferroptosis pathway. Subsequently, under the guidance of photoacoustic imaging, the FeCO-DOX@MCN nanoplatform demonstrates high treatment efficacies in vitro and in vivo by combination of chemotherapy, photothermal therapy and gas therapy. This multifunctional platform with excellent antitumor efficacy has great potential in precision cancer therapy.
关键词： Mesoporous materials,Ferroptosis,Controlled release,Photothermal therapy,Carbon monoxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Importance of carbon-monoxide-induced reaction in microwave heating synthesis of β-SiC from silicon powder in air
摘要： Microwave heating is known to provide extremely rapid synthesis of silicon carbide (SiC) from mixtures of silicon and carbon powders. The formation mechanism has long been considered to be a solid-state reaction among the powders in the mixture. Here, we present a new reaction mechanism via a gas-phase route. We have confirmed successful synthesis of ￠-SiC powder by microwave-heating of a small amount of Si powder that was entered into a quartz tube and then embedded in graphite powder, although no direct contact between the Si and graphite powders was allowed. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that the ￠-SiC powder was formed by direct carbonization of the Si powder. Since the atmosphere during the reaction comprises a vast majority of carbon monoxide (CO) gas according to the Boudouard equilibrium, the carbonization appears to have taken place via the CO gas. The contribution of such a gas-phase reaction could account in part for the rapidity of the microwave-heating reactions reported so far, which can hardly be explained solely by solid-state reactions among the mixed powders.
关键词： Carbon monoxide,Gas-phase reaction,Microwave heating,Silicon carbide,Air atmosphere,Silicon
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Vibrational fingerprint of localized excitons in a two-dimensional metal-organic crystal
摘要： Long-lived excitons formed upon visible light absorption play an essential role in photovoltaics, photocatalysis, and even in high-density information storage. Here, we describe a self-assembled two-dimensional metal-organic crystal, composed of graphene-supported macrocycles, each hosting a single FeN4 center, where a single carbon monoxide molecule can adsorb. In this heme-like biomimetic model system, excitons are generated by visible laser light upon a spin transition associated with the layer 2D crystallinity, and are simultaneously detected via the carbon monoxide ligand stretching mode at room temperature and near-ambient pressure. The proposed mechanism is supported by the results of infrared and time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopies, and by ab initio theoretical methods, opening a path towards the handling of exciton dynamics on 2D biomimetic crystals.
关键词： FeN4 center,spin transition,ab initio theoretical methods,excitons,carbon monoxide,infrared spectroscopy,graphene,time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy,two-dimensional metal-organic crystal
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Study on the Simultaneous Measurement of O <sub/>2</sub> and CO Concentrations in the Exhaust Gas of a Methane/Air Flame Using Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy
摘要： Oxygen (O2) and carbon monoxide (CO) are produced in combustion reactions and are important gas species, which are closely related to combustion efficiency and production of air pollutants. O2 generates thermal nitrogen oxide (NOX) by reacting with nitrogen in the air at high temperatures, and the presence of excess O2 also affects the energy efficiency due to increasing exhaust heat energy. CO is generally well known for being a toxic gas, and is a crucial gas species produced by incomplete combustion. However, it is difficult to measure O2 and CO level variations in a huge combustion system, such as used in steel annealing and power plant boilers, because of their harsh environment. Therefore, as a multi-species measurement technique, which is non-intrusive, has a high sensitivity, and high response, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy was chosen as the optical method used to measure O2 and CO concentrations in exhaust gases. In this study, experiments were carried out to measure the O2 and CO concentrations in an electrical furnace and a combustion system using direct absorption spectroscopy and wavelength modulation spectroscopy. The measured results were compared with those of a gas analyzer of the electro-chemical (E/C) sensor type. The O2 and CO concentrations were measured in the exhaust gas produced from methane/air flame through adjustment of the equivalence ratio to form both, fuel-lean and rich conditions. In order to measure the O2 and CO concentrations precisely and without interference from other combustion products, visible and near-infrared wavelength regions at 760.8 and 2325.2 nm were selected, respectively.
关键词： Carbon Monoxide,Absorption Spectroscopy,Methane,Oxygen
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Sub-optical-cycle attosecond control of molecular ionization by using Fourier-synthesized laser fields
摘要： We have investigated the combined positive and negative orientation-selected and yield-enhanced and -suppressed molecular tunneling ionization of carbon monoxide by dual-phase control of femtosecond Fourier-synthesized laser pulses. To investigate the role of each harmonic light, two types of experiments have been performed: (1) two-color experiments using Fourier-synthesized laser fields consisting of a fundamental light and its second or third harmonics and (2) three-color experiments using Fourier-synthesized laser fields consisting of a fundamental light and its second and third harmonics obtained by changing each relative phase difference independently. Positive and negative orientation-selected ionization is induced by the ω + 2ω laser fields, and yield-enhanced and -suppressed ionization is induced mainly by ω + 3ω laser fields. The Fourier-synthesized ω + 2ω + 3ω laser fields concurrently enhance both positive and negative orientation-selected and yield-enhanced and -suppressed molecular tunneling ionization. The mechanism is discussed in connection with the sub-optical-cycle interference control of the laser waveforms.
关键词： tunneling ionization,molecular ionization,sub-optical-cycle control,carbon monoxide,Fourier-synthesized laser fields
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Simultaneous measurement of CO and OH in flames using a single broadband, femtosecond laser pulse
摘要： In this short communication, we report simultaneous measurement of CO and OH in flames using a single femtosecond (fs)-duration laser source. Two-photon excitation of CO A 1 (cid:2) ←← X 1 ?+ (3,0), (4,0) and (5,0) bands and single-photon excitation of OH A 2 ?+ ← X 2 (cid:2) (1,0) band are achieved simultaneously using one fs-duration laser pulse near 283 nm. Subsequently, crosstalk-free, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) emissions are detected from the v’ = 3, 4 and 5 upper vibrational levels of CO in the 200–230 nm region, and (1,1) and (0,0) bands of OH near the 310-nm region. A detailed spectroscopic investigation of CO in a gas cell is followed by simultaneous detection of CO and OH in C 2 H 4 /air flames. The measured CO and OH profiles as a function of flame equivalence ratio agree well with equilibrium calculations. The present study extends the applicability of broadband fs-LIF imaging of OH in flames, and reveal an alternate method to obtain heat release rate in turbulent flames via simultaneous OH and CO measurements.
关键词： Femtosecond diagnostics,Carbon monoxide,Laser-induced fluorescence,Hydroxyl radical
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Cross-band infrared laser absorption of carbon monoxide for thermometry and species sensing in high-pressure rocket flows
摘要： A novel cross-band laser absorption spectroscopy technique has been developed for quantitative measurements of gas temperature and carbon monoxide (CO) in high-pressure, high-temperature rocket combustion flows. The strategy enables a broad range of sensor operability by simultaneously probing rovibrational transitions in both the fundamental and first overtone bands of CO near 4.98 μm and 2.32 μm, respectively, which sustain large differences in temperature dependence despite collisional broadening. Scanned-wavelength modulation spectroscopy methods are integrated for noise rejection in the harsh rocket operating environment. Initial experiments using the cross-band thermometry technique have been conducted on a single-element-injector rocket combustor with RP-2/GOx and CH4∕GOx propellant combinations at pressures up to 75 bar. Measurements of the first overtone bandhead (2.32 μm) maintained adequate signal-to-noise at even higher pressures (up to 105 bar), although deviating significantly from spectral simulations. To account for collisional effects at high gas densities, empirical models for line mixing, developed via shock tube studies, were employed to enable quantitative interpretation of measured signals for temperature and CO mole fraction in the rocket combustor.
关键词： thermometry,high-pressure rocket flows,species sensing,carbon monoxide,cross-band laser absorption spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59