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MICRODETERMINATION OF CARVEDILOL AND ARIPIPRAZOLE USING HAEMATOXYLIN DYE IN PURE FORM AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS USING SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
摘要： The current study reports about simple, rapid, sensitive and economic spectrophotometric method for determination of the antihypertensive, Carvedilol (CRV) and the antipsychotic, Aripiprazole (ARP) in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations. The suggested method is based on reaction of the studied drugs with haematoxylin reagent in the presence of boric acid to give a reddish violet chromogen at λmax= 560 nm. The percentage recoveries for the suggested method were 99.78±1.10 and 99.97±1.2 within the concentration ranges of 3-16 μg/mL and 8-32 μg/mL for Carvedilol and Aripiprazole respectively. Results show a minimum detection limit (LOD) of 0.63 and 1.79 μg/mL and a quantification limit (LOQ) of 1.91 and 5.42 μg/mL for Carvedilol and Aripiprazole respectively. The method showed excellent precision, with intra and inter-assay precisions of less than 2.0% at all concentrations. The suggested method was applied successfully for determination of the cited drugs in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations without interference of common pharmaceutical excipients with the method procedure. The suggested method was proved to be valid by analyzing both pure and pharmaceutical formulations, comparing the results obtained with those of the reported methods and demonstrating good accuracy and precision results.
关键词： Pharmaceutical formulations,Spectrophotometry,Aripiprazole,Carvedilol,haematoxylin dye
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Fabrication of a new peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system containing the Cy3 fluorophore and its application to carvedilol detection
摘要： Cy3 is a dye that has been widely applied in fluorescence microscopy and single molecule detection due to its low hydrophobicity and intense fluorescence emission. As a new application, this study proposes using Cy3 as the fluorophore of a peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system. The system relies on the oxidative reaction of bis-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate (TCPO) with H2O2 in the presence of imidazole, as the catalyst, to produce dioxetane via a chemically initiated electron exchange luminescence (CIEEL) process, excite Cy3 by the excess energy of the dioxetane and permit Cy3 to emit yellow light. The chemiluminescence behavior of the system is investigated using different concentrations of TCPO, imidazole, the oxidant and Cy3 and by considering non-linear least squares curve fitting of the obtained intensity–time profiles into the pooled intermediate model. The evaluated kinetic parameters include experimental and theoretical maximum intensity, the rise and fall rate constants of the chemiluminescence process, experimental and theoretical time required to reach the maximum intensity and total emission yield. Finally, the developed system is adopted to detect a drug, i.e., carvedilol, in different pharmaceuticals. Under the optimal conditions, the system can provide a linear response for determination of 3 × 10? 7 to 3 × 10? 5 M carvedilol (r > 0.9869, n = 6) and a detection limit of 1.21 × 10? 7 M. The relative standard deviation of the detection results for six repetitive determinations is below 3.47% and the obtained recoveries are 99.6% and 101.9%.
关键词： Cy3,Fluorophore,Carvedilol,Peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36