- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
-
How Emerging Country MNEs (EMNEs) Address the Liability of Foreignness: The Solar Panel Case
摘要： Much existing literature on the Liability of Foreignness (LoF) concentrates on the manner in which it impacts on the strategy and performance of service based Multi-National Enterprises (MNEs) from developed economies expanding through Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Few researchers have explored the LoF faced by more trade-oriented companies or Emerging market MNEs (EMNEs). This paper seeks to contribute to these gaps in the literature by exploring how LoF impacts on trade-based internationalisation by EMNEs and the mitigating strategies used to reduce LoF in this context. Through a case study of the European Union (EU) antidumping investigation against Chinese solar panel producers, the paper will seek to shed light on these questions. The case demonstrates how Chinese MNEs used sophisticated strategies of localisation, alliance-building and appealing to universal values in seeking to overcome their LoF. We argue that the evolution of company strategy in this case demonstrates both that LoF is relevant to trade-oriented MNEs and that existing research can provide useful insights into potential strategies for mitigation. We also argue that MNEs in this case also benefited from an Asset of Foreignness (AoF) in that they had a pro-active, supportive home state.
关键词： EMNEs,China,Liability of Foreignness,solar panels,EU trade policy,antidumping
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
-
Innovation capability, network embeddedness and economic performance: profiling solar power innovators in China
摘要： This paper discusses the technological upgrading of China in photovoltaics technology. It explores the patterns of innovation and network embeddedness and their impact on economic performance at the firm level. Identifying the main innovators over 1995–2014 with patent and market share indicators, the landscape of their activities is inspected through two hierarchical cluster analyses in parallel: first, against the quantity, quality and diversity of patents, and second, against global-integration, component-size and position in technological knowledge networks. The resulting clusters are cross-related to understand their interrelations with age, size, turnover and productivity of actors. The multivariate analysis of variance shows a significant relationship between turnover and productivity. Global-integration in small-world networks is significantly related with economic performance. Quality of innovation shows higher importance than quantity and diversity. While specialisation in high-tech fields has positive impact on turnover, production-oriented firms with low-tech focus have higher productivity.
关键词： patent profiles,MANOVA,productivity,cluster analysis,concurrency matrix,technological upgrading,China,emerging economy,innovation system,solar photovoltaics,economic performance,network embeddedness patterns
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
-
Monitoring vegetation coverage in Tongren from 2000 to 2016 based on Landsat7 ETM+ and Landsat8
摘要： Vegetation coverage is an important indicator in regional ecological environment monitoring and plays a key role in its quality assessment. We consider Landsat7 ETM+ in 2000 and Landsat8 in 2016 as data sources using a different time phase partial image substitution method to eliminate cloud effects and an NDVI dimidiate pixel model to invert the vegetation coverage of the two time phases. We further classify them into five grades, provide statistics and analyse the areas of different grades at different time periods, while monitoring the spatial evolution of vegetation coverage over the past 16 years in Tongren. Experimental results showed that: (1) the different time phase partial image substitution method could reduce the influence of clouds on vegetation extraction; (2) in Tongren, the vegetation coverage area was decreased from 17,300.1 km2 to 17,224.8 km2 (i.e. decreased by 75.3 km2); (3) the areas of grade I and V increased by 0.42% and 15.08%, respectively, whereas the areas of grade II, III and IV decreased by 3.15%, 6.98% and 5.37%, respectively, which indicates that most of the area containing lower amount of vegetation gradually altered into an area containing a higher coverage of vegetation, whereas a few areas became bare land; and (4) the vegetation areas decreased due to expansion of cities and construction of dams, while vegetation increased due to the cultivation of crops and trees. Research shows that the overall evolution of vegetation coverage in Tongren is considerably good. However, while undertaking future development in the mountainous Karst region, one should be aware of the land’s intensive use and environmental protection.
关键词： Landsat8,change detection,China Tongren,Landsat7 ETM+,vegetation coverage
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
-
[IEEE IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Valencia, Spain (2018.7.22-2018.7.27)] IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Mapping Development Pattern in China Using DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Data
摘要： Unbalanced development may cause problems like inequality of living conditions and the lack of sustainability. Studies based on statistical data can hardly reveal the detailed characteristics of unbalanced development due to the limitation of statistical units, while the application of remote sensing data provides an effective solution. In this study, based on the DMSP/OLS nighttime light data, the development characteristics in China during 2000-2012 were analyzed from the perspectives of development level and speed. Meanwhile, development mechanism in different urbanization types was discussed to explore the trend of unbalanced development. The results reveal the severe unbalanced development pattern in China. It also indicates that the development gap between different regions will be widened, and the unbalanced development situation will be more notable in the near future.
关键词： DMSP/OLS,China,Unbalanced development
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
-
The Determination of Concession Period for Build-Operate-Transfer Solar Photovoltaic Power Project under Policy Incentives: A Case Study of China
摘要： Since the concession period is one of the most crucial variables influencing the success of a photovoltaic (PV) power project under build-operate-transfer (BOT) mode, this paper presents a real option game model—which integrates the real option and cooperative game theory—to determine the optimal concession period of the BOT solar PV power project under policy incentives by considering the value of the option to defer. In the proposed model, an effective interval of concession period for the BOT project was identified by using a real option, and the equilibrium value of the concession period was obtained by applying classical optimization theory. To evaluate our model, we empirically determined the optimal concession period for the BOT solar PV power project in China, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted to demonstrate how relevant influential factors, which are presented in the model, affect the equilibrium value of the concession period and its effective interval. The results indicate that the current investment environment in China could successfully implement the BOT solar PV power project under policy incentives, including initial cost subsidy and the feed-in tariffs mechanism. While the high volatility of electricity demand, investment cost, and land-use rent fee can lead the failure of the BOT solar PV project implementation, promoting the technological development of PV power generation, maintaining the market stability, and increasing the policy incentives can help the BOT power project to be arranged with an optimal concession period. In addition, the feed-in tariffs mechanism is more helpful than the initial cost subsidy for winning the BOT contract.
关键词： build operate transfer,concession period,China,photovoltaic power generation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
Cloudiness and solar radiation during the longest total solar eclipse of the 21st century at Tianhuangping (Zhejiang), China
摘要： The lack of comprehensive solar radiation monitoring during the longest total solar eclipse (TSE) of the 21st century at Tianhuangping (Zhejiang), China, on July 22, 2009, has led to this investigation in order to evaluate the cloudiness contribution in estimating the impact on global solar radiation throughout this phenomenon. In doing so, we applied a cloud-cover empirical model to obtain the global solar radiation and, at the same time, we deduced a theoretical model to get the direct solar radiation in which both the occultation and obscuration function of this eclipse are included. We took limb-darkening and atmospheric transmission into account. Though the weather during our eclipse observations agreed with the forecasts for that day: clouds and some rain, we were nonetheless able to observe all phases of the eclipse from our observation site at Tianhuangping. This experience suggests that for coming eclipses a record of the in situ observation protocol of cloudiness is mandatory. Our results for comparing global solar radiation models, indicate that our TSE radiation model is quite acceptable and representative of that which could have happened at that time.
关键词： Moon,cloudy skies,China eclipse,solar radiation,Sun,occultation,obscuration
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
Development of a coupled aerosol lidar data quality assurance and control scheme with Monte Carlo analysis and bilateral filtering
摘要： Mie-scatter lidar can capture the vertical distribution of aerosols, and a high degree of quantification of lidar data would be capable of coupling with a chemical transport model (CTM). Thus, we develop a data quality assurance and control scheme for aerosol lidar (TRANSFER) that mainly includes a Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis (MCA) and bilateral filtering (BF). The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) aerosol optical depth (AOD) is utilized as the ground truth to evaluate the validity of TRANSFER, and the result exhibits a sharp 41% (0.36) decrease in root mean square error (RMSE), elucidating an acceptable overall performance of TRANSFER. The maximum removal of uncertainties appears in MCA with an RMSE of 0.08 km-1, followed by denoising (DN) with 50% of MCA in RMSE. BF can smooth interior data without destroying the edge of the structure. The most noteworthy correction occurs in summer with an RMSE of 0.15 km-1 and Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.8, and the least correction occurs in winter with values of 0.07 km-1 and 0.93, respectively. Overestimations of raw data are mostly identified, and representative values occur with weak southerly winds, low visibility, high relative humidity (RH) and high concentrations of both ground fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone. Apart from long-term variations, the intuitional variation in a typical overestimated pollution episode, especially represented by vertical profiles, shows a favorable performance of TRANSFER during stages of transport and local accumulation, as verified by backward trajectories. Few underestimation cases are mainly attributed to BF smoothing data with a sudden decrease. The main limitation of TRANSFER is the zigzag profiles found in a few cases with very small extinction coefficients. As a supplement to the research community of aerosol lidar and an exploration under complicated pollution in China, TRANSFER can aid in the preprocessing of lidar data-powered applications.
关键词： Aerosol Lidar,Bilateral filtering,North China Plain,Monte Carlo,data quality control
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
-
Solar photovoltaic interventions have reduced rural poverty in China
摘要： Since 2013, China has implemented a large-scale initiative to systematically deploy solar photovoltaic (PV) projects to alleviate poverty in rural areas. To provide new understanding of China’s targeted poverty alleviation strategy, we use a panel dataset of 211 pilot counties that received targeted PV investments from 2013 to 2016, and ?nd that the PV poverty alleviation pilot policy increases per-capita disposable income in a county by approximately 7%-8%. The effect of PV investment is positive and signi?cant in the year of policy implementation and the effect is more than twice as high in the subsequent two to three years. The PV poverty alleviation effect is stronger in poorer regions, particularly in Eastern China. Our results are robust to alternative speci?cations and variable de?nitions. We propose several policy recommendations to sustain progress in China’s efforts to deploy PV for poverty alleviation.
关键词： China,income,poverty alleviation,solar photovoltaic,rural development
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
-
Study on the Energy Saving Potential for Semi-Transparent PV Window in Southwest China
摘要： To study Semi-Transparent photovoltaic (STPV) windows, experiments were conducted to test the energy potential of STPV window installed in buildings. Two identical rooms were built up as experimental units; one was fitted with amorphous silicon (a-silicon) photovoltaic (PV) windows, and another was fitted with a conventional window. The interactional influence was analyzed among air conditioning energy consumption, lighting energy consumption, and energy generation. It can be concluded that STPV windows could provide 0.26 kWh/per day and save 29% on comprehensive building load on a typical sunny day. In order to further investigate, buildings installed with STPV windows in four typical cities with different climate environments in southwest China were simulated and analyzed. The cooling load of the buildings were all decreased while the heating energy consumption and lighting energy consumption were lightly increased. The energy generation of STPV windows was highest in Lhasa at 402.1 kWh/year. The energy saving potential of STPV windows was predicted with good values; 54% in Kunming.
关键词： electricity consumption,southwest China,building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV),STPV window,energy generation
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
-
[American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 2019 Boston, Massachusetts July 7- July 10, 2019 - ()] 2019 Boston, Massachusetts July 7- July 10, 2019 - <i>Calibrating UAV-Based Thermal Remote-Sensing Images of Crops with Temperature Controlled References</i>
摘要： Animal studies have indicated that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) affect thyroid hormone homeostasis, while epidemiological studies involving human have not shown consistent results. In this study, we investigated the associations between POP exposure and thyroid function among adult population of East China. One hundred eighty-six participants diagnosed with thyroid disease and 186 participants without thyroid disease from Shandong, China were enrolled in the case-control study during 2016 to 2017. We found that POP exposure was significantly and positively associated with the risk of thyroid disease. The association of thyroid disease with a sum of 17 POPs followed a nonmonotonic dose response, with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.09 (95% confidence intervals: 1.13?3.87, p = 0.019) for the second quartile. Among 186 participants in the control group, concentrations of POPs showed negative associations with triiodothyronine (T3), free T3 (FT3), thyroxine (T4), and free T4 (FT4) in males and positive associations with T4 and FT4 in females. Taken together, these findings suggest that POP exposure can disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis and increase the risk of thyroid disease.
关键词： case-control study,East China,thyroid function,persistent organic pollutants,thyroid disease
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59