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Sustainable Organic Dyes from Winemaking Lees for Photoelectrochemical Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
摘要： During the last two decades, Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) have received a great deal of attention as a promising, low-cost alternative to conventional silicon photovoltaic devices. Natural dye molecules can be used as a sensitizer for their low cost, good light absorbance, easy preparation process, and biodegradability. In this study, dyes were obtained from wine lees, the last by-product of winemaking process, supplied by a venetian winery (Italy). Polyphenols, like tannins and anthocyanins, which were extracted from winemaking lees, were adsorbed on a nanostructured ordered mesoporous titanium dioxide, previously treated at different temperatures (400–600 °C). Both dyes and titania semiconductor samples were studied with different techniques. The tests were carried out on prototypes to evaluate the cell power and the photocurrent generated under simulated solar light irradiation. The obtained solar energy conversion efficiencies are comparable to those that were reported in literature by using organic dyes extracted from vegetables, fruits, and plants. It is significant that these dyes are largely available and cost effective, since recovered from a waste otherwise to be disposed of, opening up a perspective of feasibility for inexpensive and environmentally friendly dye solar cells to generate green electricity and transforming agri-food waste into a resource.
关键词： circular economy,organic dyes,titania nanoparticles,winemaking lees,DSSCs
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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LCA Case Study to LED Outdoor Luminaries as a Circular Economy Solution to Local Scale
摘要： The replacement of luminaires with discharge lamps with high luminous e?cacy and long life-time LED based equipment is a reality worldwide promoted by policies that favor their gradual substitution. There is a great concern in this manufacturing industry to develop new luminaires with low environmental impact during the manufacturing and transportation processes and its end-of-life disposal (reducing greenhouse gas emissions, toxic or hazardous components, . . . ). Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a very extended tool used to provide information on the quality and quantity of environmental impacts in the life cycle phases of any product, system, or service. This article includes all phases of the LCA analysis of a selected streetlight LED luminaire manufactured by a SME where a land?ll deposit is the end-of-life scenario. In a second phase, alternatives are sought for the reuse of the most signi?cant elements that improve its local economy. The results are classi?ed and sorted according to the ISO 14040 standard.
关键词： LED lighting,streetlight waste,life cycle assessment,recycling,circular economy
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Environmental Criteria for Assessing the Competitiveness of Public Tenders with the Replacement of Large-Scale LEDs in the Outdoor Lighting of Cities as a Key Element for Sustainable Development: Case Study Applied with PROMETHEE Methodology
摘要： The technological change to LEDs is an unstoppable reality which, little by little, is becoming increasingly important in terms of the lighting inside and outside our homes. The exterior lighting of our cities is moving decisively and clearly towards the incorporation of this technology in urban spaces. The energy efficiency, light quality, and economic benefits of LED technology are an unquestionable reality. This is causing public administration projects involving large-scale switches to LEDs to be promoted and financed; however, it is beginning to be observed that the commitment to the policies decided by this technology should take into account some environmental aspects which have not been studied to date. The environmental impact of the substitutions is caused by the need to valorize the replaced luminaires. Until now, most have been stored without the possibility of use, reuse, or recovery. The environmental impact produced in the manufacture of LED luminaires that replace the old sodium vapor (VSAP) or metal halide (MH) discharge lamps must also be considered. In addition, in the administrative clauses specifications that govern the public tenders, it is observed that the fundamental environmental aspects both of recycling the old lamps, and of the life cycle analysis (LCA) of the luminaires that are replacing them, have not been contemplated or valued with sufficient weight. In addition, there are very few public substitution contests in which environmental criteria are rewarded or valued in an important way. This work intends to summarize a methodological proposal using the techniques of multiple decision-making criteria for the selection of bidding companies for public outdoor lighting competitions. We propose the use of the PROMETHEE method multi-criteria analysis for the application of the most commonly used criteria for the luminaire LED selection process, including an environmental impact assessment with LCA techniques, and propose this as a case or model guide in the public contests of cities. A model of the bidding conditions that addresses and assesses the environmental aspects which are absolutely key to sustainable development is supported by the ecological criteria of the circular economy.
关键词： environmental criteria,circular economy,Life cycle assessment LCA,lighting pollution,lighting public tender,PROMETHEE,recycling waste,LED luminaires,decision tool,streetlight waste
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Simulation-Based Exergy Analysis of Large Circular Economy Systems: Zinc Production Coupled to CdTe Photovoltaic Module Life Cycle
摘要： The second law of thermodynamics (2LT) helps to quantify the limits as well as the resource efficiency of the circular economy (CE) in the transformation of resources, which include materials, energy, or water, into products and residues, some of which will be irreversibly lost. Furthermore, material and energy losses will also occur, as well as the residues and emissions that are generated have an environmental impact. Identifying the limits of circularity of large-scale CE systems, i.e., flowsheets, is necessary to understand the viability of the CE. With this deeper understanding, the full social, environmental, and economic sustainability can be explored. Exergy dissipation, a measure of resource consumption, material recoveries, and environmental impact indicators together provide a quantitative basis for designing a resource-efficient CE system. Unique and very large simulation models, linking up to 223 detailed modeled unit operations, over 860 flows and 30 elements, and all associated compounds, apply this thermoeconomic (exergy-based) methodology showing (i) the resource efficiency limits, in terms of material losses and exergy dissipation of the CdTe photovoltaic (PV) module CE system (i.e., from ore to metal production, PV module production, and end-of-life recycling of the original metal into the system again) and (ii) the analysis of the zinc processing subsystem of the CdTe PV system, for which the material recovery, resource consumption, and environmental impacts of different processing routes were evaluated, and the most resource-efficient alternative to minimize the residue production during zinc production was selected. This study also quantifies the key role that metallurgy plays in enabling sustainability. Therefore, it highlights the criticality of the metallurgical infrastructure to the CE, above and beyond simply focusing on the criticality of the elements.
关键词： Thermoeconomics,Geometallurgy,Process simulation,Jarosite,Circular economy,Sustainability,Digital twin,Exergy,CdTe photovoltaic (PV) modules
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Value Retention Options in Circular Economy: Issues and Challenges of LED Lamp Preprocessing
摘要： The Circular Economy is gaining recognition for its attention to increasing material circularity by proposing a set of value retention options, and organizing business, institutions, and policies for their implementation. Light emitting diode (LED) lamp recycling is becoming increasingly important due to their growing market share and precious metal content. Instead of the current shredding approach, this study applied higher value retention options, such as testing for the functionality of the bulb at the product level, manual disassembly to reuse parts at the component level, and automatic disassembly for industrial scale reuse. This study ?nds that the e?ort that is needed to implement higher value retention options (such as reuse) requires a new form of secondary business, wider networks of recycling chains, and favorable policies. It also shows that about 50% of the lamp waste stream is still functioning and economically attractive if they are remarketed. However, the demand-pull market conditions seem to be missing. For manual disassembly, the output fractions are cleaner, but it is not economically feasible due to high labor cost. On the other hand, automatic disassembly does not produce cleaner fractions due to wide design variability. Thus, this study suggests that shifting from shredding-focused-resource recovery to reuse-based-resource circularity requires a comprehensive framework that simultaneously encourages secondary market formation, collaboration between manufacturers, recyclers and companies, and the formulation of favorable reuse policies. This study applies insights from circular economy principles to LED lamp recycling, and it also contributes to the latter by identifying challenges and possible solutions.
关键词： circular economy,light emitting diode (LED) lamp,value retention options,disassembly,recycling
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Drivers, barriers and enablers to end-of-life management of solar photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems: A systematic literature review
摘要： Distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are a low-cost form of renewable energy technology that has had an exponential rate of uptake globally in the last decade. However, little attention has been paid to the potential environmental and human health related impacts associated with PV systems, if not managed properly at the end-of-life (EoL). Rare materials such as ruthenium, gallium, indium, and tellurium are essential components in PV panels, while battery energy storage systems (BESS) are composed of various chemistries (i.e. lithium-ion, lead acid, nickel cadmium, salt water, and flow batteries). An appropriate EoL management strategy for solar photovoltaic systems (i.e. PV modules, BESS) is necessary, not only to prevent and/or mitigate future environmental problems but also to reduce demand on rare earth materials. Drawn from a portfolio of 191 papers collected from Scopus and Web of Science databases between 2000 and 2018 (by 30 June 2018), a systematic quantitative literature review on solar energy systems EoL studies was conducted to examine the temporal trend of current research as well as methodological and geographical distributions of the published articles. Research has been concentrated within Europe, some parts of Asia, and North America, with experimental and modelling/simulation methods being mostly applied. The focus of this study was to compile and synthesise reported drivers, barriers, and enablers to EoL management of PV panels and BESS in the context of the circular economy. A conceptual framework is proposed to facilitate the transition of current PV system material flows and supply chain management practices to circular economy concepts. This paper also presents a future research agenda.
关键词： battery energy storage system,recycling,solar panel,photovoltaic,end-of-life management,circular economy
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 23rd International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD) - Barcelona (2018.9.17-2018.9.19)] 2018 IEEE 23rd International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD) - Towards a Circular Economy via Intelligent Metamaterials
摘要： The present study proposes the use of intelligent metasurfaces in the design of products, as enforcers of circular economy principles. Intelligent metasurfaces can tune their physical properties (electromagnetic, acoustic, mechanical) by receiving software commands. When incorporated within products and spaces they can mitigate the resource waste caused by inefficient, partially optimized designs and security concerns. Thus, circular economy and fast-paced product design become compatible. The study begins by considering electromagnetic metamaterials, and proposes a complete methodology for their deployment. Finally, it is shown that the same principles can be extended to the control of mechanical properties of objects, exemplary enabling the micro-management of vibrations and heat, with unprecedented circular economy potential.
关键词： micro-management,metasurfaces,Circular economy,energy,acoustic,mechanical,material properties,metamaterials,electromagnetic,HyperSurfaces,security
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46