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Coherent Tabletop EUV Ptychography of Nanopatterns
摘要： Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) or lensless X-ray microscopy has become of great interest for high spatial resolution imaging of, e.g., nanostructures and biological specimens. There is no optics required in between an object and a detector, because the object can be fully recovered from its far-field diffraction pattern with an iterative phase retrieval algorithm. Hence, in principle, a sub-wavelength spatial resolution could be achieved in a high-numerical aperture configuration. With the advances of ultrafast laser technology, high photon flux tabletop Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) sources based on the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) have become available to small-scale laboratories. In this study, we report on a newly established high photon flux and highly monochromatic 30 nm HHG beamline. Furthermore, we applied ptychography, a scanning CDI version, to probe a nearly periodic nanopattern with the tabletop EUV source. A wide-field view of about 15 × 15 μm was probed with a 2.5 μm?diameter illumination beam at 30 nm. From a set of hundreds of far-field diffraction patterns recorded for different adjacent positions of the object, both the object and the illumination beams were successfully reconstructed with the extended ptychographical iterative engine. By investigating the phase retrieval transfer function, a diffraction-limited resolution of reconstruction of about 32 nm is obtained.
关键词： high-order harmonic generation,ptychography,lensless X-ray microscopy,Extreme Ultraviolet,Coherent diffraction imaging
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Real-time coherent diffraction inversion using deep generative networks
摘要： Phase retrieval, or the process of recovering phase information in reciprocal space to reconstruct images from measured intensity alone, is the underlying basis to a variety of imaging applications including coherent diffraction imaging (CDI). Typical phase retrieval algorithms are iterative in nature, and hence, are time-consuming and computationally expensive, making real-time imaging a challenge. Furthermore, iterative phase retrieval algorithms struggle to converge to the correct solution especially in the presence of strong phase structures. In this work, we demonstrate the training and testing of CDI NN, a pair of deep deconvolutional networks trained to predict structure and phase in real space of a 2D object from its corresponding far-field diffraction intensities alone. Once trained, CDI NN can invert a diffraction pattern to an image within a few milliseconds of compute time on a standard desktop machine, opening the door to real-time imaging.
关键词： phase retrieval,deep learning,coherent diffraction imaging,real-time imaging,neural networks
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Bragg coherent diffraction imaging of iron diffusion into gold nanocrystals
摘要： Understanding how diffusion takes place within nanocrystals is of great importance for their stability and for controlling their synthesis. In this study, we used the strain sensitivity of Bragg coherent diffraction imaging (BCDI) to study the diffusion of iron into individual gold nanocrystals in situ at elevated temperatures. The BCDI experiments were performed at the I-07 beamline at Diamond Light Source, UK. The diffraction pattern of individual gold nanocrystals was measured around the (11-1) Bragg peak of gold before and after iron deposition as a function of temperature and time. Phase retrieval algorithms were used to obtain real space reconstructions of the nanocrystals from their measured diffraction patterns. Alloying of iron with gold at sample temperatures of 300 °C–500 °C and dealloying of iron from gold at 600 °C were observed. The volume of the alloyed region in the nanocrystals was found to increase with the dose of iron. However, no significant time dependence was observed for the structure following each iron deposition, suggesting that the samples reached equilibrium relatively quickly. The resulting phase distribution within the gold nanocrystals after the iron depositions suggests a contraction due to diffusion of iron. Our results show that BCDI is a useful technique for studying diffusion in three dimensions and alloying behaviour in individual crystalline grains.
关键词： gold iron,nanocrystals,diffusion,Bragg coherent diffraction imaging
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46