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High-performance stretchable conductive nanocomposites: materials, processes, and device applications
摘要： Highly conductive and intrinsically stretchable electrodes are vital components of soft electronics such as stretchable transistors and circuits, sensors and actuators, light-emitting diode arrays, and energy harvesting devices. Many kinds of conducting nanomaterials with outstanding electrical and mechanical properties have been integrated with elastomers to produce stretchable conductive nanocomposites. Understanding the characteristics of these nanocomposites and assessing the feasibility of their fabrication are therefore critical for the development of high-performance stretchable conductors and electronic devices. We herein summarise the recent advances in stretchable conductors based on the percolation networks of nanoscale conductive fillers in elastomeric media. After discussing the material-, dimension-, and size-dependent properties of conductive fillers and their implications, we highlight various techniques that are used to reduce the contact resistance between the conductive filler materials. Furthermore, we categorize elastomer matrices with different stretchabilities and mechanical properties based on their polymeric chain structures. Then, we discuss the fabrication techniques of stretchable conductive nanocomposites toward their use in soft electronics. Finally, we provide representative examples of stretchable device applications and conclude the review with a brief outlook for future research.
关键词： soft electronics,conductive nanocomposites,stretchable conductors,percolation networks,elastomeric media
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Unraveling the oxygen effect on the property of sputtered BaSnO3 thin films
摘要： The perovskite oxide BaSnO3 is a highly topical material for next-generation transparent conducting semiconductors. The foreign chemical doping strategy is largely used to realize the high conductivity in BaSnO3. Removal of oxygen in BaSnO3 is another route to get high conductivity but the oxygen vacancy-property relationships have not been realized completely, which is of fundamental importance for the future optoelectronic applications. Here we report how the oxygen vacancies in sputtered BaSnO3 films can be accounted for the structural and chemical environment, the transport phenomena, and the optoelectronic properties. Oxygen vacancies in BaSnO3 films cause the expansion of the unit cell along the out-of-plane direction, enhance the conductivity, transform the electronic transport mechanism from the thermal activation model to the variable-range hopping (VRH) model, and spawn the sub-band level-assisted photoconduction. The present work further strengthens our understanding of the oxygen effect on the physical properties in BaSnO3-based systems.
关键词： oxygen vacancy,transport property,transparent conductive oxide,BaSnO3,photo response,thin film
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[Institution of Engineering and Technology 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - London, UK (9-13 April 2018)] 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - High Sensitivity Inkjet-Printed Terahertz Metallic Hole Array Sensor
摘要： Surface plasmon resonance sensors based on the resonant transmission characteristics of metal hole arrays are fabricated using conductive inkjet printing for operation in the terahertz region. The response of the sensing surfaces is measured using terahertz time domain spectroscopy. The addition of a layer of glycerol on the surface that is much thinner than the wavelength of the incident wave is simulated and results in a significant shift of the resonance frequency. This indicates the possibility of realising a flexible low-cost sensor for chemical and biological substances.
关键词： metamaterial,surface plasmon polariton,inkjet,sensor,Conductive ink printing
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Influence of Water Molecules on the Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Cancer Biomarkers by Nanocomposite Quantum Resistive Vapor Sensors vQRS
摘要： The anticipated diagnosis of various fatal diseases from the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) biomarkers of the volatolome is the object of very dynamic research. Nanocomposite-based quantum resistive vapor sensors (vQRS) exhibit strong advantages in the detection of biomarkers, as they can operate at room temperature with low consumption and sub ppm (part per million) sensitivity. However, to meet this application they need to detect some ppm or less amounts of biomarkers in patients' breath, skin, or urine in complex blends of numerous VOC, most of the time hindered by a huge amount of water molecules. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze the effects of moisture on the chemo-resistive sensing behavior of carbon nanotubes based vQRS. We show that in the presence of water molecules, the sensors cannot detect the right amount of VOC molecules present in their environment. These perturbations of the detection mechanism are found to depend on the chemical interactions between water and other VOC molecules, but also on their competitive absorption on sensors receptive sites, located at the nanojunctions of the conductive architecture. This complex phenomenon studied with down to 12.5 ppm of acetone, ethanol, butanone, toluene, and cyclohexane mixed with 100 ppm of water was worth to investigate in the prospect of future developments of devices analysing real breath samples in which water can reach a concentration of 6%.
关键词： conductive polymer nanocomposites,anticipated diagnosis,effects of humidity,VOC,quantum resistive vapor sensors,functionalized carbon nanotubes,biomarkers detection
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Flexible silver nanowire transparent conductive films prepared by an electrostatic adsorption self-assembly process
摘要： In this work, we reported a facile approach to fabricate silver nanowire (AgNW) networks on ?exible substrates. Through immersing the modi?ed poly (ethylene terephthalate) with positively charged functional group into the AgNW dispersion with anionic dispersant, a ?exible AgNW transparent conductive ?lm was formed by electrostatic adsorption self-assembly process. Even without a post-treatment process, the as-prepared ?exible AgNW ?lms exhibited excellent optoelectrical property, low surface roughness and high reliability. It was shown that the insulating dispersant on AgNWs could be effectively removed by an ion bombardment method and then greatly decreased the sheet resistance of AgNW networks. Because of the nature of spontaneous adsorption, this preparation method can be suitable for an arbitrary shaped substrate, which will broaden the application of AgNW conductive ?lms in optoelectronic devices.
关键词： self-assembly,transparent conductive ?lms,silver nanowire,electrostatic adsorption,flexible substrates
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Desenvolvimento de filmes poliméricos ultrafinos e reticulados para aplica??es em sensores
摘要： A new method for producing stable films used in sensors is proposed, based on the layer-by-layer deposition of poly(o-ethoxyaniline) and phenol-formaldehyde (POEA/PF) followed by a thermal treatment to promote film crosslinking. The crosslinking process was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic analyses, atomic force microscopy and desorption studies. Sensor analyses were also carried out in order to evaluate cross-linked sensor signal. Results showed that PF resin served as a curing agent, forming a semi-interpenetrating polymer network therefore producing stable films. Although there was a decrease in the sensitivity of sensors with crosslinking, such films are quite stable and can be potentially used in sensors, especially where higher stability is required.
关键词： ultrathin films,conductive polymers,sensors
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Ultra-wide bandgap, conductive, high mobility, and high quality melt-grown bulk ZnGa <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>4</sub> single crystals
摘要： Truly bulk ZnGa2O4 single crystals were obtained directly from the melt. High melting point of 1900 ± 20 ?C and highly incongruent evaporation of the Zn- and Ga-containing species impose restrictions on growth conditions. The obtained crystals are characterized by a stoichiometric or near-stoichiometric composition with a normal spinel structure at room temperature and by a narrow full width at half maximum of the rocking curve of the 400 peak of (100)-oriented samples of 23 arcsec. ZnGa2O4 is a single crystalline spinel phase with the Ga/Zn atomic ratio up to about 2.17. Melt-grown ZnGa2O4 single crystals are thermally stable up to 1100 and 700 ?C when subjected to annealing for 10 h in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres, respectively. The obtained ZnGa2O4 single crystals were either electrical insulators or n-type semiconductors/degenerate semiconductors depending on growth conditions and starting material composition. The as-grown semiconducting crystals had the resistivity, free electron concentration, and maximum Hall mobility of 0.002–0.1 ?cm, 3 × 1018–9 × 1019 cm?3, and 107 cm2 V?1 s?1, respectively. The semiconducting crystals could be switched into the electrically insulating state by annealing in the presence of oxygen at temperatures ≥700 ?C for at least several hours. The optical absorption edge is steep and originates at 275 nm, followed by full transparency in the visible and near infrared spectral regions. The optical bandgap gathered from the absorption coef?cient is direct with a value of about 4.6 eV, close to that of β-Ga2O3. Additionally, with a lattice constant of a = 8.3336 ?, ZnGa2O4 may serve as a good lattice-matched substrate for magnetic Fe-based spinel ?lms.
关键词： high mobility,melt growth,high quality,ultra-wide bandgap,conductive,single crystals,ZnGa2O4
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14