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Conjugated Polymer Controlled Morphology and Charge Transport of Small-Molecule Organic Semiconductors
摘要： In this study, we report an effective approach to tune the crystallization, microstructure and charge transport of solution-processed organic semiconductors by blending with a conjugated polymer additive poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). When 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS pentacene) was used as a model semiconductor material to mix with different amount of P3HT, their intermolecular interactions led to distinctive TIPS pentacene film morphologies, including randomly-oriented crystal ribbons, elongated needles with enhanced long-range order, and grass-like curved microwires with interlinkages. Each type of morphology was found to further correlate to considerably different charge transport and device performance. As compared to pristine TIPS pentacene devices, bottom-gate, top-contact OTFTs with 2% in weight P3HT additive showed a 2-fold and 5-fold improvement of average field-effect mobility and performance consistency (defined as the ratio of average mobility to the standard deviation), respectively. The improvement in transistor electrical performance can be attributed to the combined effect of enhanced crystal orientation and uniformity, as well as increased areal coverage. This work can be applied beyond the particular example demonstrated in this study and to tune the charge transport of other small-molecule organic semiconductors in general.
关键词： OTFTs,TIPS pentacene,organic semiconductors,film morphology,P3HT,charge transport,conjugated polymer
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Enhanced Performance and Stability of TiO <sub/>2</sub> ‐Nanoparticles‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells Employing a Cheap Polymeric Surface Modifier
摘要： Interface engineering of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs)-based perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) is often necessary to facilitate the extraction and transport of charge carriers. In this work, poly[{9,9-bis[3’-(N,N-dimethyl)propyl]-2,7-fluorene}-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)] (PFN) and polystyrene (PS) are demonstrated to be effective surface modifiers of the TiO2 NPs electron-transporting layer in n-i-p PVSCs. The low-cost insulating polymer PS performs better than the PFN conjugated polymer owing to its high film quality, low surface energy and insulating characteristics. A peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.09 % with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.05 V and a PCE of 17.13 % with an ultrahigh VOC of 1.18 V is achieved with TiO2 NPs/PS-based PVSCs using poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) and spiro-OMeTAD, respectively, as the hole-transporting material.
关键词： interface modification layers,plastics,electron-transporting layers,conjugated polymers,TiO2 nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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13.2% Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells by Controlling Interfacial Resistance resulted from Well-distributed Vertical Phase Separation
摘要： Two strategies were investigated to improve the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs) with the aim of controlling the interfacial resistance in the devices: the use of a ternary active layer and the introduction of conjugated polymers. The ternary active layer was formed by introducing PC71BM between a high-performance non-fullerene photoactive material P(Cl-Cl)(BDD=0.2) and the IT-4F-based binary active layer, thereby reducing the interfacial resistance between the donor and acceptor via vertical phase separation. Furthermore, the introduction of the conjugated polymer PFN-Br created a well-dispersed separation attributable to enhancement of the interfacial contact with the active layer, and simultaneous reduction of the interfacial resistance. Consequently, the synergetic effect of the ternary active layer and PFN-Br enhanced the short-circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF) to realize power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.2%.
关键词： Power conversion efficiency,Interfacial resistance,Conjugated polymers,Ternary active layer,Organic solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Morphological Study of Blend Thin Films of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-<i>block</i>-polyisobutylene-<i>block</i>-poly(3-hexylthiophene):Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and Their Application to Photovoltaics
摘要： The detailed morphological studies of poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)-b-polyisobutylene(PIB)-b-P3HT:P3HT blend thin films by grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS) were reported. The results of GIXS experiments indicated the formation of phase separation between P3HT and PIB domains even after blending the P3HT homopolymer below 30 wt%. The change in d-spacing values of the phase-separated under strains was suppressed by increasing the weight ratio of the P3HT homopolymer, probably due to the disruption of the microphase separation. The blending the P3HT homopolymer induced the edge-on orientation during the strain process below 75%, probably by improving the interaction between P3HT domains in the blend thin films. The OPV characteristics were obtained with the device structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT-b-PIB-b-P3HT:P3HT:PC61BM/Ca/Al, significantly improving the JSC and FF values by increasing the P3HT homopolymer weight ratio. The excellent elongation behavior of P3HT-b-PIB-b-P3HT:P3HT blend bulk films (P3HT < 30 wt%) could be achieved, probably due to the formation of microphase separation between semi-crystalline P3HT and rubbery PIB domains.
关键词： Organic photovoltaic,Morphology,Block copolymer,π-Conjugated polymer,Elastomer,Synchrotron X-ray scattering
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Indoor Photovoltaics: Photoactive Material Selection, Greener Ink Formulations, and Slot-Die Coated Active Layers
摘要： Strong visible light absorption is essential to achieve high power conversion efficiency in indoor organic photovoltaics (iOPVs). Here, we report iOPVs that exhibit high efficiency with high voltage under excitation by low power indoor lighting. Inverted type organic photovoltaic devices with active layer blends utilizing the polymer donor PPDT2FBT paired with fullerene, perylene diimide, or ring-fused acceptors that are 6.5-9.1% efficient under 1 sun are demonstrated to reach efficiencies from 10-17% under an indoor light source. This performance transcends that of a standard silicon photovoltaic device. Moreover, we compared iOPVs with active layers both spin-cast and slot-die cast from non-halogenated solvents and demonstrate comparable performance. This work opens a path towards high efficiency iOPVs for low power electronics.
关键词： Organic Photovoltaics,Perylene Diimide Dyes,Conjugated Polymers,Roll-to-Roll Compatible Coating,Green Solvent Processing
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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A Long π-Conjugated Poly-para-Phenylene-Based Polymeric Segment of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
摘要： Conjugated polymers have attracted much attention for many years and have applications in various organic devices. Carbon nanotubes can be considered as all-carbon tube-shaped conjugated polymers containing only sp2-bonded atoms, which play an important role in nanotechnology and nanoelectronics. So far, no study has reported the realization of long π-conjugated polymers as diameter-specified carbon nanotube segments. Herein, we report the first synthesis of a π-conjugated polymeric segment (PS1) of armchair single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). PS1 is achieved by a rationally designed synthesis of a bifunctionalized cyclo-para-phenylene monomer, followed by inserting these ring-shaped units into the conjugated poly-para-phenylene backbone. PS1 was fully characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) combined with NMR, FTIR, and Raman spectra. Possessing unique structural and physical properties, this long π-extended polymer PS1 can provide new insight for the development of bottom-up syntheses of uniform carbon nanotube segments and potential applications in electron- and hole-transport devices.
关键词： electron-transport devices,bottom-up synthesis,poly-para-phenylene,carbon nanotubes,π-conjugated polymers,hole-transport devices
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Conjugated polymer self-assembled with graphene: Synthesis and electrochemical 1-hydroxypyrene sensor
摘要： Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), one of the metabolite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), has been extensively applied as a biomarker of animals and human exposure to PAHs. Herein, we synthesized a novel conjugated polymer poly-8-methoxy-7-methyl-5-(10-anthracen-9-yl)quinolone (PMMAYQ) using Suzuki coupling reaction, and then fabricated a homogeneous PMMAYQ/grahene multilayer film via layer-by-layer self-assembly technique and applied for electrochemical sensing of 1-OHP. Under the optimal conditions, {PMMAYQ-Graphene}16 modified glass carbon electrode exhibited excellent response for detection of 1-OHP. A linear range from 0.5 to 120 nM was obtained with a low detection limit of 0.07 nM (S/N=3) and a sensitivity of 0.5539 μA/μM. The electrochemical sensor exhibited excellent stability, accepted repeatability, and good selectivity. The developed method was employed for determination of 1-OHP in human urine samples and recoveries in the range of 95.6%?107.1% were achieved.
关键词： Self-assembly,Electrochemical sensing,Graphene,1-hydroxypyrene,Conjugated polymer
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Direct comparison of dithienosilole and dithienogermole as π-conjugated linkers in photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： Dithienosilole (DTS) and dithienogermole (DTG) are useful building units of π-conjugated organic materials. In the present work, donor–π-acceptor (D–π-A) dyes with bis(dihexyloxyphenyl)aminophenyl, DTS or DTG, and pyridine or cyanoacrylic acid as the donor (D), the π-conjugated linker (π), and the acceptor (A) units, respectively, were prepared and their optical properties were investigated. The D–π-A dyes exhibited strong absorption in the visible region, indicating efficient intramolecular donor–acceptor interaction. The addition of trifluoroacetic acid to solutions of pyridine-containing dyes led to red-shifts of the absorption bands as a result of pyridinium salt formation. Similar red-shifts were observed for cyanoacrylic acid dyes, which were due to the enhanced formation of neutral dyes relative to the separated ion pairs. The D–π-A dyes, however, showed similar absorption spectra when attached to the TiO2 surface, indicating that the dye–TiO2 electronic interaction was rather weak. In contrast to the finding that these dyes exhibited similar optical properties regardless of the π-linker (i.e., DTS or DTG), dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on DTG-containing dyes exhibited superior performance compared to those based on DTS-containing dyes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements supported the higher performance of the DSSCs with DTG-containing dyes.
关键词： π-conjugated linkers,Dithienosilole,Dithienogermole,Dye-sensitized solar cells,Photosensitizers
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Label-free quantum dot conjugates for human protein IL-2 based on molecularly imprinted polymers
摘要： Herein, the development of a fluorescent-based sensor by combining quantum dots (QDs) with molecularly-imprinted technology (MIP), intensively optimized to generate exceptional operating features is presented. This sensor is designed to target human interleukin-2 (IL-2) in synthetic human serum. IL-2 is a regulatory protein released as a triggered response from the immune system towards an inflammation. For this purpose, cadmium telluride (CdTe) QDs are prepared with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and modified afterwards to produce an IL-2 imprinted polymer with methacrylic acid and N,N′-methylenebis(acrylamide), upon removal of the template under optimized conditions. During IL-2 rebinding, the fluorescence intensity of CdTe@MPA QDs is quenched in a concentration dependent manner. Using surface imprinting technology, the optimal fluorescence signals yielded a linear response versus logarithm of IL-2 concentration from 35 fg/ml to 39 pg/ml, in a 1000-fold diluted synthetic human serum. The limit of detection obtained is 5.91 fg/ml, lying below the concentration levels of IL-2 with clinical interest for cancer diagnosis (9.4-19.2 pg/ml). Overall, the method presented herein is a demonstration that the combination of MIP and QDs for protein detection constitutes a powerful tool in clinical analysis, providing low cost, sensitive and quick responses. The same concept may be further extended to other proteins of interest.
关键词： interleukin-2,conjugated-QDs,protein,molecularly imprinted polymer,Quantum dots,cancer biomarker
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Donor–acceptor type black phosphorus nanosheets covalently functionalized with a conjugated polymer for laser protection
摘要： Covalent functionalization of two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) with conjugated polymers would be favorable to improve its environmental stability and solubility in organic solvents, and thereby to open a way to explore more applications of BP in the fields of optoelectronics, electronics and photonics. As a proof-of-concept application, soluble donor–acceptor type BP nanosheets covalently functionalized with poly[(1,4-diethynyl-2,5-bis(hexyloxy)benzene)-alt-benzo[c]thiadiazole] (hereafter called PDBT-BP) were synthesized through Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling polymerization, and embedded into an optically nonactive transparent poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) matrix to produce the PMMA-based PDBT-BP film for nonlinear optics. In contrast to BP/PMMA, PDBT-BP/PMMA and PDBT/BP blends/PMMA films, the annealed PDBT-BP/PMMA film, which was heated at 150 °C under dry argon for 1 h, shows more excellent reverse saturable absorption (RSA) behavior, with a larger nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff ) of 208.16 cm GW?1 and an imaginary third-order susceptibility (Im χ(3)) of 8.89 × 10?11 esu at a pulse energy of 400 μJ. The achieved optical limiting (OL) threshold is 4.44 J cm?2 (0.74 GW cm?2), smaller than that of the non-annealed PDBT-BP/PMMA film (5.64 J cm?2). The SA (saturable absorption) to RSA transition observed at a low incident laser intensity could be used to realize all-optical intensity-dependent logic gates in the near future.
关键词： Conjugated Polymer,Laser Protection,Polymer Chemistry,Black Phosphorus,Nonlinear Optics
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52