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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 15th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE) - Vancouver, BC, Canada (2019.8.22-2019.8.26)] 2019 IEEE 15th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE) - Monitoring of a sampled process data under Run-to-Run control: application to a semiconductor process
摘要： Cabled ocean observatory systems that provide abundant power and broad bandwidth communication enabling undersea science have been evolving during the last decade. To establish such permanent infrastructure in the ocean, the technology of cable network switching and fault isolation with very high reliability is essential. In this paper, we review existing switching methods as applied to a constant voltage tree topology network. We propose an actively controllable method that can configure each branch of the network only by changing the feeding current; the current level implicitly conveys the switching information. A laboratory prototype demonstrated the features of backbone switching with zero current and low voltage (less than 20 V), and active controllability of the switch.
关键词： constant current,Cable switching,ocean observation network,high voltage
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Photovoltaic cells with various azo dyes as components of the active layer
摘要： The photovoltaic response of six cells with an active layer of heterocyclic azo dyes is presented for the first time. The active azo layers differed in the type of substituent (i.e. electron-donating: CH3, OCH3 and electron withdrawing: Br). We showed that by changing the substituent in the heterocyclic azo dye we change the power efficiency of the device. It should be mentioned that all presented data showed high potential of heterocyclic azo dyes for effective photovoltaic output. The studied heterocyclic azo dyes have higher photovoltaic parameters than those obtained for photovoltaic cell with 4-Diethoxyphenylsilylazobenzene.
关键词： Theoretical DFT calculations,Photovoltaic cell,Thin films,Heterocyclic azo dyes,Current density-voltage characteristics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Reducing the Dark Current of Cuprous Oxide/Au Schottky Photodetector for High Signal-to-noise Ratio Imaging
摘要： Photodetectors (PDs) as image sensors have been widely used in imaging system due to their outstanding photosensitivity. The improvement of imaging quality (signal-to-noise ratio, SNR) can be realized by reducing the dark current of PDs. Conventionally, interfacial engineering can effectively suppress the dark current of PDs. Nevertheless, these techniques are hard to be applied in practical imaging systems owing to their complicated process. In this work, we proposed a facile method to reduce the dark current of Cu2O/Au Schottky PDs, and further demonstrated its application in high SNR imaging system. By applying a small external bias of -120 μV, the dark current of PDs decreases from 27 nA to 0.6 nA, with 4023% improvements of ON/OFF ratio. Additonaly, a model based on free carriers generated by rich trap-state and thermal excitation under asymmetric internal electric field was proposed to understand this phenomenon. Finally, a high-resolution image with high SNR (48 dB) was acquired, which is close to that of commercial Si-CDD and CMOS. Our results provide a convenient way to reduce the dark current and improve the image quality, also suggest Cu2O is potentially an attractive candidate to be applied in optical imaging applications.
关键词： SNR,dark current,photodetectors,imaging,Cu2O/Au Schottky
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Fluorophore-Induced Plasmonic Current: Generation-Based Detection of Singlet Oxygen
摘要： In this work, we report the surface-based electrical detection of singlet oxygen using the emerging fluorophore-induced plasmonic current (PC) technique. By this method, we utilize the fluorescent “turn on” response of the well-known singlet oxygen sensor green (SOSG) singlet oxygen (1O2) fluorescent probe for the generation of fluorophore-induced PC in a silver nanoparticle film. To demonstrate the potential utility of this new technique, a photosensitizing molecule is used to generate 1O2 in a solution containing the SOSG probe. The resulting change in SOSG fluorescence quantum yield and extinction coefficient permits stronger energy transfer from the SOSG probe to a proximal silver nanoparticle island film located in the near-electric field of the probe. This yields an increase in the induced electric current flow, allowing for the detection of the 1O2 analyte. To the author’s knowledge, this represents the first detection of the reactive oxygen species 1O2 utilizing fluorophore-induced PC methodology and even broader electrical detection of 1O2. This is significant as it opens the possibility for 1O2 detection methods which do not require a traditional “photodetector” and associated optics, simplifying the instrumentation over existing fluorescence detection methods and potentially even lowering the cost.
关键词： plasmonic electricity,plasmonics,plasmonic current,fluorescence detection,reactive oxygen species,sensing,singlet oxygen sensor green,singlet oxygen
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - ZnTe Back Buffer Layer to Enhance the Efficiency of CdS/CdTe Solar Cells
摘要： Doppler velocity can be derived by calculating Doppler shift anomalies between predicted and estimated Doppler centroids. The predicted Doppler centroid is calculated based on a geometric model of satellite assuming that the target is not moving. The estimated Doppler centroid can be directly extracted from the raw SAR signal data by applying the average cross-correlation coefficient method. It is known that wind-generated ocean waves can significantly contribute to Doppler velocity due to the correlation between orbital motions of the waves and (tilt and hydrodynamic) modulated radar cross sections, in addition to what sea surface current contributes. In this study, the characteristics of Doppler velocities under hurricane conditions were investigated using RADARSAT-1 ScanSAR raw data. Five different hurricanes (Hurricane Dean, Hurricane Ivan, Hurricane Kyle, Hurricane Lili, and Typhoon Xangsane) and sequential acquisitions of two hurricanes (Hurricane Kyle and Hurricane Lili) were selected to study the contribution of wind-induced waves to Doppler velocities and compared with in situ measurements of drifting buoys. The results show that hurricane-generated seas and associated winds and waves appear to be different from ordinary sea state. This leads to lower estimates of Doppler velocities than expected and much closer to sea surface current velocities.
关键词： wind-induced waves,drift current,Doppler velocity,hurricane,RADARSAT
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Multi-field dependence responses and their micro-structure analysis in YBa <sub/>2</sub> Cu <sub/>3</sub> O <sub/>7a??x</sub> -based second-generation coated conductors with different protective layers by Nd-laser irradiations
摘要： High-temperature superconductors (HTS) are materials that hold great promise for future particle-accelerator plants. YBa2Cu3O7-x-based (YBCO) second-generation coated conductor coils can produce the intense field needed for ion confinement. Such coils can act as a radiation resistance magnet when exposed to radiation, and therefore, it is essential to better understand irradiation responses and defect creation in YBCO superconductors. The influence of laser or ion irradiation on the electrical characteristics of HTS has been studied previously; however, most results remain ambiguous and inconsistent. Degradation of or incremental changes in the critical current of the HTS tap are currently only observed and explained via irradiation dose. The relation between irradiation defects and macro-multi-field responses has yet to be established for YBCO tapes, for magnet design and operation. In this study, YBCO (2 G HTS) taps with Ag, Cu–Ag, and Cu protective cap layers were selected as targets of Nd-laser irradiation, at varying power. Irradiation defects were formed in YBCO taps, and irradiation dose was monitored as a function of superconducting properties and mechanical behaviors. The critical current and its N-values eventually degrade under intense Nd-laser irradiation, and the mechanical behavior of YBCO tapes shows nonlinear features after irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry were applied to investigate the micro-defect changes that occurred in the taps after each Nd-laser irradiation dose. Micro-structural observations showed that the protective layers were critical for radiation resistance in YBCO taps. Furthermore, the macro-stress dependence of the critical current field was measured before and after Nd-laser irradiation to establish the relationship with micro-defect morphology by Nd-laser irradiation.
关键词： micro-structure analysis,YBa2Cu3O7-x,critical current,High-temperature superconductors,Nd-laser irradiation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Ultrasensitive and Label-Free Detection of Cell Surface Glycan Using Nanochannel-Ionchannel Hybrid Coupled with Electrochemical Detector
摘要： In this work, asymmetric nanochannel-ionchannel of porous anodic alumina (PAA) coupled with electrochemical detector was used for sensitive and label-free detection of cell surface glycan. The amplified ionic current caused by array nanochannels as well as the ionic current rectification (ICR) caused by asymmetric geometry endows PAA with sensitive ionic current response. Functionalized with the special molecular probe, the constructed nanofluidic device can be used for selective recognition and detection of glycan in real-time and label-free format. In addition, due to the subnanosize of ionchannels, the probe immobilization and glycan recognition is carried out on the outer surface of PAA, avoiding the blockage of PAA nanochannel by samples, which promises the reproducibility and accuracy of the present method toward bioanalysis. Results show that the glycan concentration ranging from 10 fM to 10 nM can be successfully detected with a detection limit of ~10 aM, which is substantially lower than most previous works. The designed strategy provides a valuable platform for sensitive and label-free detection of cell surface glycan, which acts as a promising candidate in pathological research and cancer diagnosis.
关键词： porous anodic alumina,ionic current rectification,cell surface glycan,nanochannel-ionchannel hybrid,nanofluidics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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An IC-level countermeasure against laser fault injection attack by information leakage sensing based on laser-induced opto-electric bulk current density
摘要： Laser fault injection (LFI) attack on cryptographic processor ICs is a critical threat to information systems. This paper proposes an IC-level integrated countermeasure by employing an information leakage sensor against this LFI attack. Distributed bulk current sensors monitor abnormal bulk current density caused by laser irradiation for LFI. A time-interleaved sensor operation and sensitivity tuning can obtain partial leakage bit information of secret key with small layout area penalty. Based on the leakage information, the secret key can be securely updated for realizing high-availability resilient systems. The test chip was designed and fabricated in 0.18μm standard CMOS, integrating a 128-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cryptographic processor with the proposed information leakage sensor.
关键词： information leakage sensor,cryptographic processor,Laser fault injection,AES,CMOS,bulk current density
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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High Voltage Gain Three Coupled Winding DC-DC Interleaved Boost Converter with Arduino Microcontroller for the PV Panel Control
摘要： In many applications, high-step converters are widely used, including powered vehicles, Photovoltaic (PV) systems, continuous power supplies, Gas lighting and fuel cell systems. The most important requirements in the energy conversion process are reliability, quality, maintenance and size reduction. This paper presents an Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) to raise voltage gain with three coupled winding. This converter consists of three pairs of coupled inductors to collect energy in parallel and release energy to the series load, which provides a much higher output load voltage than the traditional DC-DC boost converter. To validate the performance, an investigation was introduced by means of steady state analysis and operation. The operation modes and mathematical analysis are presented. Arduino UNO microcontroller was used to implement Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) gate drive based on Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). The DC-DC IBC with High Voltage Gain (HVG) produces low voltage stress across switches, low input and output current ripple, and also improves the efficiency. These features made this converter suitable for applications where a high voltage gain is demanded. This converter was tested using Matlab/Simulink to validate the performance in terms of input and output ripples. The results supported the mathematical analysis. The cancelation of the ripple in input and output voltages has significantly detected. The ripple amplitude is reducing in DC-DC HVG IBC comparing with traditional DC-DC boost converter, and the ripple frequency is doubled. This tends to reduce the output filter losses, and size. Also improves the efficiency of the converter.
关键词： High voltage gain,Current and Voltage sensors,Arduino UNO Microcontroller,Low input and output ripples,Ferrite core,Maximum Power Point Tracking,Interleaved Boost Converter
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 8th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA) - Brasov, Romania (2019.11.3-2019.11.6)] 2019 8th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA) - The Closed Loop Controller Gain Characterization for Enhanced Current Quality in Solar Inverters Coupled with Weak Grid
摘要： Majority of solar installations are coming up in remote locations where the stiffness of the grid is very weak, enforces to connect solar inverters to weak grid. In weak grid scenario, solar inverter would inject harmonic current into the grid that affect the power quality of the system. The solar inverters are designed to operate with stiff grid in which the closed (feedback and feed forward) loop control is planned by considering absolute decoupling between the direct and quadrature grid injected current. With the conventional design speci?cations in weak grid scenario, the absolute decoupling between the direct and quadrature current cannot be achieved due to grid inductance. The improper decoupling would create the oscillations in the grid injected current that result in increased harmonic distortion. To compensate the current oscillations, the current controller feedback loop gain need to be designed by accessing the degree of coupling. Since the grid injected current sensed at the point of common coupling and transformed to DC quantities (direct current id and quadrature current iq) using synchronous angle, the same current oscillations appear in d-axis and q-axis current control loop. In this work, the d-axis and q-axis loop oscillations with respect to grid inductance are analyzed analytically. Based on the analysis the d-axis and q-axis PI controllers are designed independently unlike conventional PI controller to ensure not only faster dynamic response of the system but also improved power quality.
关键词： closed loop control,weak grid,PI controllers,current THD,Grid connected solar inverter,single stage transformer less grid connected inverter,Power quality
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57