- 标题
- 摘要
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- 实验方案
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Implementation and assessment of a low-cost 3D laser platform controlled by open software for printing polymeric micro-structures
摘要： A low-cost 3D opto-mechatronic platform controlled by free-source software with optical and mechanical resolutions of 120 μm and 10 μm, respectively, was developed to fabricate micro-pedestals in grid presentation and diffractive optical elements such as micro-square and micro-slits. Direct laser writing (DLW) and low-one photon absorption (LOPA) were employed as the fabrication protocol and the physical phenomena involved in the platform control and development of the micrometric structures. A laser pointer, one of the lowest-cost lasers in the market, centered at 532 nm with an intensity of 65 mW, was used to polymerize the SU8-2050 photoresist through the DLW procedures. The printing process was carried out by using a 5X and 10X microscope objectives with numerical apertures of 0.13 and 0.25, respectively. The point spread function demonstrated the geometrical variations and the field intensity distribution about the focal plane, where the Debye-Wolf approximation is valid, which were used for comparison purposes. Ray tracing simulations were in addition presented demonstrating how light interacts with the SU8-film and how out of focus condition plays a fundamental role in the final size of the printed micro-pattern. Finally, two optical diffractive elements and their diffraction patterns in the Fraunhofer regime were presented.
关键词： low-one photon absorption,micro-fabrication,direct laser writing,optical diffraction
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Fabrication of Dynamic Holograms on Polymer Surface by Direct Laser Writing for High-Security Anti-Counterfeit Applications
摘要： Anti-counterfeit technology has attracted much attention with the development of economy, because many counterfeit products that are difficult for identification have been produced, which extremely damage the interests of consumers. Here, a high-resolution ultraviolet direct laser writer is applied to fabricate computer-generated holograms (CGH) with laser spot size of 300 nm for anti-counterfeit applications. The characteristics of the reconstructed images illuminated by monochromatic light are demonstrated in details. Additionally, colorful reconstructed images are observed with white light illumination in the high-security holograms samples. Furthermore, a kinematic effect of colorful reconstructed images are also observed by modifying focus depth and object size in the algorithm. The normal first (+1st) order diffraction and negative first (-1st) order diffraction in the high-security holograms exhibit different sizes due to distinguishing magnifications. The kinematic effect of white-light holograms shows great potential in anti-counterfeit applications due to its simplicity for recognition and high security since they are hard to duplicate.
关键词： anti-counterfeit,direct laser writing,Dynamic hologram
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Optical properties of 2D photonic structures fabricated by direct laser writing
摘要： This paper presents the results of fabrication and investigation of different 2D photonic structures with the square C4v, hexagonal C6v, and pentagonal local C5v symmetry. The samples were created using the direct laser writing technique. The number of submicron scatterers varied from 25 to 10,000, and the lattice parameters varied in different samples in the range of 0.5 μm ≤ a ≤ 8.0 μm. Our experimental and theoretical studies demonstrate that 2D photonic structures reveal many remarkable optical effects. Created ordered and disordered photonic structures demonstrate a great variety of optical phenomena observed on a far-field screen placed behind the sample. When the random fluctuations of the orientation for individual rods were introduced to the perfect fishnet photonic structure, a crossover from Laue diffraction to speckle patterns was observed and investigated.
关键词： Laue diffraction,Light scattering,Photonic structure,Direct laser writing,SEM images,Metasurface
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Versatile direct laser writing of non-photosensitive materials using multi-photon reduction-based assembly of nanoparticles
摘要： Versatile direct laser writing (DLW), not limited by material photosensitivity, offers opportunities for fundamental and technological innovation for micro-/nanofabrication in integrated photonics, electronics and material science. Although DLW has high potential in micro-/nanodevice fabrication, material choice suffers an intrinsic limitation: DLW cannot be applied to non-photosensitive materials. We describe a newly discovered rapid-assembly phenomenon of fine particles based on femtosecond laser multi-photon-reduction in solution. this phenomenon allowed the writing of micropatterns with thick clad layers filled with nanoparticles. We wrote continuous patterns by moving the laser focus even in the case of non-photosensitive material such as Sio2. By transcending the strict material limitation, this novel laser writing process promises to be a powerful tool in a variety of scientific fields.
关键词： direct laser writing,nanoparticles,non-photosensitive materials,multi-photon reduction,microfabrication
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Direct CW-Laser Writing Sub-Diffraction-Limit Nanopore Array Based on the Low One-Photon Absorption of Polymer
摘要： A large area nanopore array with controllable consistency has been fabricated by direct laser writing (DLW) technique with ultralow one-photon absorption (LOPA). In this technique, a doughnut-shape beam generated by 532 nm continuous-wave laser through a vortex phase plate was focused into the thin film of SU8 photoresist by a high numerical aperture objective. The low absorption of the photoresist at the excitation wavelength allowed controllable fabricating structures with sub-diffraction-limit feature size and high aspect ratio. With point-by-point scanning fabrication, nanopore array with the pore’s internal diameter, about ten percent of incident laser wavelength, far smaller than Abbe’s diffraction limit was achieved. The influences of the exposure intensity and exposure time on the fabricated nanopore size and shape were also investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM).
关键词： ultralow one-photon absorption,direct laser writing,nanopore,doughnut-shaped beam
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 16th International Conference on Smart Cities: Improving Quality of Life Using ICT & IoT and AI (HONET-ICT) - Charlotte, NC, USA (2019.10.6-2019.10.9)] 2019 IEEE 16th International Conference on Smart Cities: Improving Quality of Life Using ICT & IoT and AI (HONET-ICT) - Fabrication of optical components with nm- to mm-scale critical features using three-dimensional direct laser writing
摘要： A powerful fabrication strategy based on three-dimensional direct laser writing for the rapid prototyping of opto-mechanical components with critical features ranging from several hundred nm to a few mm is demonstrated here. As an example, a simple optical fiber connector with optical and mechanical guides as well as integrated micro-optical elements with nano-structured surfaces is designed and fabricated. In contrast to established three-dimensional direct laser writing, two different polymers are combined in the fabrication process in order to achieve a drastic reduction in fabrication time by substantially reducing the “optical tool path”. A good agreement between the as-fabricated connector and nominal dimensions has been obtained. The developed approach allows the rapid prototyping of optomechanical components with multi-scale critical features. It is, therefore, envisioned to substantially accelerate the development cycle by integrating functional mechanical and optical elements in a single component.
关键词： hetero-3D-DLW,three-dimensional direct laser writing,opto-mechanical components,multi-scale critical features,rapid prototyping
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Characterization of Latent 3D Laser Photoexposure Patterns in Photoresist Created by Direct Laser Writing
摘要： We describe photoluminescence quenching method for use in characterizing 3D laser photoexposure patterns in photoresist recorded during direct laser writing prior to development. By scanning a focused laser beam through the exposed patterns in the photoresist, important features of the photoexposure patterns, such as their size and shape, and the exposure threshold can be determined.
关键词： quenching,threshold,direct laser writing (DLW),photoexposure,photoluminescence (PL)
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Double-Track Waveguides inside Calcium Fluoride Crystals
摘要： Calcium Fluoride (CaF2) was selected owing to its cubic symmetry and excellent luminescence properties as a crystal of interest, and ultrafast laser inscription of in-bulk double-track waveguides was realized. The guiding properties of these waveguides in relation to the writing energy of the femtosecond pulse are presented. The modified double-track waveguides have been studied by systematic developments of beam propagation experiments and numerical simulations. Furthermore, an adapted model and concepts were engaged for the quantitative and qualitative characterization of the waveguides, particularly for the transmission loss measurements and the three-dimensional refractive index mappings of the modified zones. Additionally, polarization-dependent guiding was investigated.
关键词： Calcium Fluoride,quantitative phase imaging,waveguides,femtosecond lasers,cubic crystal,micro-processing,double-track,photonic device,direct laser writing (DLW),refractive index change
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Functional Metallic Microcomponents via Liquid-Phase Multiphoton Direct Laser Writing: A Review
摘要： We present an overview of functional metallic microstructures fabricated via direct laser writing out of the liquid phase. Metallic microstructures often are key components in diverse applications such as, e.g., microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Since the metallic component’s functionality mostly depends on other components, a technology that enables on-chip fabrication of these metal structures is highly desirable. Direct laser writing via multiphoton absorption is such a fabrication method. In the past, it has mostly been used to fabricate multidimensional polymeric structures. However, during the last few years different groups have put effort into the development of novel photosensitive materials that enable fabrication of metallic—especially gold and silver—microstructures. The results of these efforts are summarized in this review and show that direct laser fabrication of metallic microstructures has reached the level of applicability.
关键词： additive manufacturing,metallic microstructures,direct laser writing
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) - Seoul, Korea (South) (2019.1.27-2019.1.31)] 2019 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) - Rapid Multi-Material Direct Laser Writing
摘要： The additive manufacturing or “three-dimensional (3D) printing” technology direct laser writing (DLW) offers a level of geometric versatility at submicron scales that yields substantial benefits for fields including photonics, meta-materials, and 3D cell biology. A key limitation of DLW, however, stems from the difficulties in 3D printing micro/nanoscale structures with more than a single material. Specifically, producing multi-material components requires laborious and time-intensive protocols for manual substrate/material processing and alignment to maintain structural continuity among distinct photomaterials. To overcome these challenges, here we introduce a “rapid multi-material DLW (RMM-DLW)” strategy that enables 3D nanostructured features comprised of multiple, fully integrated photomaterials to be additively manufactured with unprecedented speed and accuracy. This approach leverages an impermanent elastomeric bonding technique to achieve temporary microchannels through which distinct photomaterials can be serially loaded, photopolymerized, and developed; the elastomer can be removed thereafter. Preliminary RMM-DLW results revealed a 74% reduction in fabrication time, with a multi-material alignment accuracy of 0.14±0.17 μm (?X) and 0.20±0.15 μm (?Y) – an improvement of up to one order of magnitude over conventional multi-material DLW. In combination, these results suggest a promising pathway to achieve fundamentally new classes of multi-material, and in turn, multi-functional 3D nanostructured systems.
关键词： additive manufacturing,direct laser writing,microfluidics,multi-material,3D printing
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22