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Full Efficiency Recovery in Hole-Transporting Layer-Free Perovskite Solar Cells With Free-Standing Dry-Carbon Top-Contacts
摘要： Carbon-based top electrodes for hole-transporting-layer-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were made by hot press (HP) transfer of a free-standing carbon-aluminum foil at 100?C and at a pressure of 0.1 MPa on a methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) layer. Under these conditions, the perovskite surface was preserved from interaction with the solvent. Over a timescale of 90 days, HP-PSCs were systematically compared to reference cells with carbon-based top electrodes deposited by doctor blading (DB). We found that all the photovoltaic parameters recorded in HP-PSCs during time under ambient conditions settled on values systematically higher than those measured in the reference DB-PSCs, with ef?ciency stabilized at around 6% within the ?rst few measurements. On the other hand, in DB-PSCs, a long-lasting (～14 days) degrading transient of the performances was observed, with a loss of ef?ciency from an initial ～8% to ～3%. Moreover, in HP-PSCs, a systematic day-by-day recovery of the ef?ciency after operation was observed (1～2%) by leaving the cell under open circuit, a nitrogen environment, and dark conditions. Noteworthily, a full recovery of all the parameters was observed at the end of the experiment, while DB-PSCs showed only a partial recovery under the same conditions. Hence, the complete release of solvent from the carbon contact, before an interface is established with the perovskite layer, offers a de?nite advantage through the long period of operation in preventing irreversible degradation. Our ?ndings indeed highlight the crucial role of the interfaces and their feasible preservation under nitrogen atmosphere.
关键词： durability,healing,self-curing,MAPbI3,solvent-free,stability,nitrogen
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Selective UV Absorbance of Copper Chalcogenide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Illumination Durability in Perovskite Photovoltaics
摘要： The inherent optical and electrical properties of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) give them high potential applicability in advanced energy devices. In this study, PEDOT:PSS was remodeled with aqueous synthesized copper-based chalcogenide NPs, and the novel properties were demonstrated. Raman spectra were used to analyze the changes in intrinsic binding of PEDOT:PSS and derive the main peak shift. X-ray diffraction spectral analysis showed that a photoactive layer stably formed on PEDOT:PSS with or without NPs. Perovskite photovoltaics (PPV) were fabricated with the remodeled PEDOT:PSS as the hole transport layer, and the electrical properties were evaluated. The charge factor and power conversion efficiency were higher in the NP-based PPVs than in the reference PEDOT:PSS devices. The charge behavior in the NP-based PPVs was investigated, and the following were identified: (1) improved device drive characteristics with photocurrent vs internal voltage, (2) tenfold increase in the hole mobility of the hole-only devices, (3) optimized efficiency in the photo-generated exciton dissociation test, and (4) improved charge transport resistance based on the impedance spectrum. The inherent optical properties of the NPs were examined in an illumination-durability test of the perovskite material without encapsulation. Under continuous light exposure, PPV in NP-based devices showed better electrical stability than in the reference devices. Field-effect scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that perovskite particles in the NP-based samples have advanced morphological stability compared to the reference samples. Thus, integrating NPs is an efficient strategy for fabricating advanced PPVs with improved device efficiency and illumination-durability, in a more cost-effective and eco-friendly manner.
关键词： illumination durability,PEDOT:PSS modification/reforming effect,charge transport,copper-based chalcogenide NPs,perovskite photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Six-spectral antireflection coating on zinc sulfide simultaneously effective for the visible, near-IR, and long wavelength IR regions
摘要： In recent years, multi-spectral optical system is steadily growing popularity due to miniaturization and multi-function of optical system. Antire?ection coatings is critical important in multi-spectral device working in the wavelength region of 0.5–10 μm since optics of high refractive index materials are used. A six-spectral antire?ection coating on multispectral zinc sul?de substrate, which is suitable for the wavelength range of 0.5–10 μm, has been designed, fabricated and characterized. The six-spectral antire?ection coating is composed of 29-layer alternative stacking high-index layer of zinc sul?de and low-index coating material of ytterbium ?uoride, which deposits by thermal evaporation. In order to overcome the stress problem in the coating, the maximum layer thickness is restricted about 0.6 μm. This coating conforms to environmental stability standards and shows 94% transmission at 0.532 μm, 97% transmission at 1.064 μm and over 98% transmission at 2.1 μm, 3.9 μm, 4.8 μm and 9.5 μm.
关键词： Ytterbium ?uoride,Zinc sul?de,Durability tests,Antire?ection coating
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Stable and durable laser-induced graphene patterns embedded in polymer substrates
摘要： The stability and durability of laser-induced graphene (LIG) patterns embedded in polymer substrates are significant for their practical application. However, most of currently reported LIG precursors are facing the dilemma of weak structural controllability, poor resistance to acid/base, or bad processability. In this work, we efficiently converted the synthesized poly(Ph-ddm) into LIG using a straightforward CO2 laser, aiming to find a potential LIG precursor with excellent durability under harsh conditions. The graphene structure of obtained LIG was confirmed by Raman spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results indicated that the poly(Ph-ddm)-based LIG showed a low sheet resistance of 35 ?/sq as well as a high specific surface area of 883 m2/g. And due to the superior properties of poly(Ph-ddm), the LIG patterns exhibited excellent resistance to strong acid/base solutions and high adhesion on the substrate, which ensured their stable application under severe conditions. Besides, potential application of as-prepared LIG was demonstrated in well-performed supercapacitors and electrode for water splitting in an alkaline medium. Based on the results in this work, polybenzoxazine could be a promising precursor for stable and durable LIG preparation.
关键词： electrode for water splitting,laser-induced graphene,durability,supercapacitor,Polybenzoxazine
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Durable organic solar cells produced by <i>in situ</i> encapsulation of an air-sensitive natural organic semiconductor by the fullerene derivative and the metal oxide layer
摘要： β-carotene (bCar) is a natural organic semiconductor that photo-degrades within a few minutes when exposed to sunlight in ambient conditions and that can be employed as electron donor in organic solar cell (OSC) active layers. Its fast photo-degradation kinetics make bCar an ideal molecule to study strategies to improve the durability of OSCs. Mixing bCar with [6,6]-Phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) in a 1:4 ratio considerably delays the bCar photo-bleaching to produce thin films that are relatively stable when exposed to sunlight for more than an hour. Furthermore, when coated with OSC top electrodes, these active layers exhibit an even stronger resistance again photo-oxidation. Despite the easily photo-oxidized nature of bCar, the resulting bCar:PC71BM OSCs maintain their photovoltaic performances for over 6 months without additional encapsulation and display high thermal stability. In fact, the binary bCar:PC71BM active layers with a large relative concentration of PC71BM exhibit a longer operational stability than reference air-stable active layers in the organic photovoltaic field, namely, poly(2,7-carbazole-alt-dithienylbenzothiadiazole):PC71BM active layers prepared with the same electron donor to PC71BM ratio (1:4). The superior durability of bCar OSCs compared to PCDTBT ones can be ascribed to their higher morphological stability which is associated with lower mixing energies in small molecule:fullerene systems with respect to polymer:fullerene ones. Our results thus indicate that small molecule donors combined with PC71BM into active layers have a high potential to produce OSCs that simultaneously achieve high power conversion efficiencies and durability.
关键词： durability,β-carotene,photo-degradation,organic solar cells,morphological stability,PC71BM
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Analysis of degradation in 25-year-old field-aged crystalline silicon solar cells
摘要： Photovoltaic (PV) modules have been in use for more than 25 years. The gradual degradation of PV modules is determined by its components and the solar cells. We analyzed the long-term reliability of solar cells using a 25-year-old field-aged PV module. The power of a large size PV module was reduced by approximately 24.6% owing to the delamination of two specific solar cell portions. For a single cell module from a large size PV module, the decrease of short circuit current (Isc) was caused by the discoloration of the ethylene-vinyl acetate. The maximum power (Pmax) decreased by 11.5% compared with its initial value; however, this is not an effect of the degradation of the solar cell. Despite being manufactured in the 1980s, these solar cells did not fail and have little power loss and excellent durability after 25 years.
关键词： Degradation,Long-term durability,Solar cells,Reliability,Photovoltaic modules
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Durable and stable UV–Vis perovskite photodetectors based on CH3NH3PbI3 crystals synthesized via a solvothermal method
摘要： The CH3NH3PbI3-based photodetectors were fabricated with a coplanar metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) IDT patterned Au electrode configuration. The MSM-structured perovskite-based photodetectors exhibited a higher Ion/Ioff of about 3.77 × 102, and a response of 6.66 mA/W. Additionally, the photodetectors worked best under red illumination, and the rise and decay times were estimated to shorter than 0.04 s and 0.05 s. Especially, the durability and stability of these photodetectors were excellent, which can be exposed to the red light illumination over 1000 s. There were still stable photocurrent signal after 90 days. It indicated that the device possessed a longer durability and had a lifetime of exceeding 90 days. These outstanding performances could be potentially applicable for practical applications.
关键词： perovskite,stability,photodetectors,solvothermal method,durability
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Recycled Utilization of a Nanoporous Au Electrode for Reduced Fabrication Cost of Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using metal electrodes have been regarded as promising candidates for next-generation photovoltaic devices because of their high efficiency, low fabrication temperature, and low cost potential. However, the complicated and rigorous thermal deposition process of metal contact electrodes remains a challenging issue for reducing the energy pay-back period in commercial PSCs, as the ubiquitous one-time use of a contact electrode wastes limited resources and pollutes the environment. Here, a nanoporous Au film electrode fabricated by a simple dry transfer process is introduced to replace the thermally evaporated Au electrode in PSCs. A high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.0% is demonstrated in PSCs with the nanoporous Au film electrode. Moreover, the electrode is recycled more than 12 times to realize a further reduced fabrication cost of PSCs and noble metal materials consumption and to prevent environmental pollution. When the nanoporous Au electrode is applied to flexible PSCs, a PCE of 17.3% and superior bending durability of ≈98.5% after 1000 cycles of harsh bending tests are achieved. The nanoscale pores and the capability of the porous structure to impede crack generation and propagation enable the nanoporous Au electrode to be recycled and result in excellent bending durability.
关键词： reduce fabrication costs,nanoporous Au films,bending durability,perovskite solar cells,recycled utilization
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Modification of geopolymer with size controlled TiO2 nanoparticle for enhanced durability and catalytic dye degradation under UV light
摘要： Geopolymer- a silica alumina-based polymer has attracted generous amount of interest since the last decades as a promising alternative binder to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in the construction sector. Proper utilization of industrial waste (Fly ash) and their functionality enhancement is explored in the present exertion by incorporating titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticle with different size in it. Along with the development of advanced building composite photocatalytic ability of the synthesized product was also assessed. Rutile phase TiO2 NPs were synthesized hydrothermally and annealed at different temperatures which result in differences in their overall size. Different materials characterization techniques have been carried out for confirmation of phase, functional bond, binding energy, and morphology respectively. Geopolymeric (GT) composites (GT30, GT50, and GT100) were prepared at ambient temperature using this size-variant TiO2 NPs in fly ash and alkali activator. Integration of TiO2 nanoparticles (5%) enhances mechanical properties where the optimized composite GT30 shows the maximum compressive (53.59MPa) and tensile strength (6.8MPa). Mercury Intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and atomic force microscope (AFM) studies indicate that TiO2 nanoparticles of 30 nm (T30 NPs) reduce porosity and roughness of the structure, thus lead to densified matrix and high durability performances. Additionally, GT30 mortar has low water absorption capacity as T30 NPs decrease the apparent volume of permeable voids in its matrix. Degradation of Methylene Blue (MB), a model contaminant was investigated under ultraviolet (UV) light illumination. T30 NPs (1mg) and GT30 (5mg) are found to degrade >95% dye solution within 90 mins towing to the high surface area of TiO2 NPs and free radical generation. Such outcomes are well fitted in the Langmuir–Hinshelwood first-order rate model. These results will pave the way to explore industrial waste; fly ash in geopolymer for the excellent durability and wastewater treatment through dye degradation under UV light illumination with the aid of TiO2 NPs.
关键词： Strength and durability,Geopolymer,Dye degradation.,TiO2 NPs
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Use of indentation to study the degradation of photovoltaic backsheets
摘要： The ability of electrical insulating materials within a module to act as insulators is a key safety requirement for photovoltaic (PV) technology. Presently, however, the durability of backsheets may not be readily assessed. For example, the mechanical tensile test continues to be developed, and its use has not been validated such that a technically based pass/fail criteria may be established. This study examines the use of simple indentation methods, including durometer hardness and instrumented indentation, as a means to quantitively assess the degradation of PV backsheets. Characteristics including: hardness, modulus, load/displacement pro?le, creep hold response, and residual impression are explored in an empirical study. Glass/encapsulant/backsheet mini-modules constructed using backsheets including: polyamide (speci?cally the AAA backsheet product), poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polyvinyl ?uoride (PVF) laminate (“TPE”), and polyvinylidene ?uoride (PVDF) were examined. An M-type durometer as well as Berkovich and cube-corner tips were used in the indentation experiments. Additional characterizations were performed to interpret the indentation measurements including: surface roughness measurements using atomic force microscopy (AFM), a chemical structure study using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and phase-transition measurements using di?erential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results are analyzed in the context of the combined accelerated stress test (C-AST) also explored in this study. Instrumented indentation (i.e., using a Berkovich tip) was able to distinguish between backsheets and quantify the e?ects of accelerated testing (including up to 60%, 25%, and 20% change in hardness, modulus, and creep displacement, respectively). The embrittlement of the backsheets was not readily assessable using cube-corner indentation. Cracking of the known-bad polyamide backsheet was observed from the C-AST, which was not observed to result from steady state UV weathering.
关键词： Reliability,Backsheet,Durability,Nanoindentation,Instrumented indentation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22