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A Novel Method for Compensating Temperature Measurement Error Caused by Dust Using Infrared Thermal Imager
摘要： The dust generated in industrial processes has a serious impact on the accuracy of infrared thermometry, which is also the main reason for the limited use of infrared industrial temperature measurement methods applications. To reduce the influence of dust on infrared temperature measurement, this paper proposes a new method for compensating measurement error caused by dust. Firstly, the source of temperature measurement error caused by dust is analyzed, and a compensation method, in which the dust transmittance is important but difficult to determine, is proposed based on the principle of infrared temperature measurement. Then, to solve the difficulty of determining dust transmittance, we define a spatial temperature level co-occurrence matrix and a neighboring temperature level dependence matrix which can be utilized to extract the infrared thermal image’s texture features affected by dust. Finally, by integrating stacked denoising auto-encoder with optimized parameters and support vector regression, a dust transmittance model is established to determine dust transmittance based on the extracted features. Experimental results indicate that the proposed compensation method can reduce the influence of dust on infrared thermal imager’s accuracy effectively.
关键词： temperature measurement,dust transmittance,dust,texture feature,Compensation model,infrared thermal imager
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Dust Detection and Aerosol Properties Over Arabian Sea Using MODIS Data
摘要： The present study deals with the use of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) thermal infrared bands in the dust detection. Eight dust storm cases over the Arabian Sea have been selected (four TERRA and four AQUA) during the year 2002–2008. The brightness temperature (BT) difference method has been applied on MODIS thermal bands 29 (8 μm), 31 (11 μm) and 32 (12 μm) to detect dust storms over the Arabian Sea. The performance assessment of BT differences (BT29–BT31 and BT31–BT32) has shown that BT31–BT32 has performed better to BT29–BT31. We suggest that BT31–BT32 is an effective combination of MODIS bands for dust detection over oceans and sea. The maximum (Dmax) and minimum dust (Dmin) intensity locations have also been identified in all the eight dust storm cases. The aerosol properties (aerosol optical thickness, τ; asymmetry factor g and Angstrom exponent α) over Dmax and Dmin have been studied using MODIS Level 2 data. In AQUA dust storms cases τ values (Dmax) were higher than TERRA dust cases, whereas g values were nearly same. The α was always positive in case of TERRA dust cases; however in AQUA negative α was also reported. Afternoon dust storms are more intense compared to forenoon dust storms and dust particles are also coarser.
关键词： BT difference,Arabian Sea,Dust detection,MODIS,Dust aerosol properties
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A Review of Conventional and Innovative- Sustainable Methods for Cleaning Reflectors in Concentrating Solar Power Plants
摘要： The severe soiling of re?ectors deployed in arid and semi arid locations decreases their re?ectance and drives down the yield of the concentrating solar power (CSP) plants. To alleviate this issue, various sets of methods are available. The operation and maintenance (O&M) staff should opt for sustainable cleaning methods that are safe and environmentally friendly. To restore high re?ectance, the cleaning vehicles of CSP plants must adapt to the constraints of each technology and to the layout of re?ectors in the solar ?eld. Water based methods are currently the most commonly used in CSP plants but they are not sustainable due to water scarcity and high soiling rates. The recovery and reuse of washing water can compensate for these methods and make them a more reasonable option for mediterranean and desert environments. Dry methods, on the other hand, are gaining more attraction as they are more suitable for desert regions. Some of these methods rely on ultrasonic wave or vibration for detaching the dust bonding from the re?ectors surface, while other methods, known as preventive methods, focus on reducing the soiling by modifying the re?ectors surface and incorporating self cleaning features using special coatings. Since the CSP plants operators aim to achieve the highest pro?t by minimizing the cost of cleaning while maintaining a high re?ectance, optimizing the cleaning parameters and strategies is of great interest. This work presents the conventional water-based methods that are currently used in CSP plants in addition to sustainable alternative methods for dust removal and soiling prevention. Also, the cleaning effectiveness, the environmental impacts and the economic aspects of each technology are discussed.
关键词： CSP re?ectors,dust removal,sustainable cleaning,mirror washing,soiling
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Improved Cloud Screening Method for the Analysis of Sky Radiometer Measurements and Application to Asian Dust Detection
摘要： A cloud screening method employing two successive procedures of variability test and coarse mode test was developed, aiming at better elimination of cloud-contaminated data in the sky radiometer retrievals. The performance of the new cloud screening method was evaluated by examining statistical features with cloud coverage observations and lidar measurements. The variability test appeared to effectively eliminate data contaminated by relatively thick low-level clouds, whereas the coarse mode test appeared to eliminate data likely contaminated by thin cirrus-type clouds. Overall, the new method was considered to improve the current Sky Radiometer Network (SKYNET) data. The cloud screening method was then applied to dust detection from sky radiometer measurements. The detection performance was evaluated using surface synoptic observations (SYNOP) dust reports and the yellow sand index from NIES lidar measurements. It was shown that the new method helped to detect dust, effectively eliminating cloud-contaminated signals that were similar to those of the dust.
关键词： dust,cloud screening,aerosol,SKYNET
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Preparation of humidity, abrasion, and dust resistant antireflection coatings for photovoltaic modules via dual precursor modification and hybridization of hollow silica nanospheres
摘要： Antire?ection (AR) coatings on solar glass, used in photovoltaic (PV) modules, generally encounter harsh environments, which demands that AR coatings must hinder moisture penetration, scratch damage, and dust accumulation. Though chemical modi?cation generally bene?ts the multi-functionalization of AR coatings, it is likely to bring about a degradation of optical and mechanical properties. We demonstrated that a well-controlled dual precursor modi?cation/hybridization process of hollow silica nanospheres was the key to achieve the robust multifunctional AR coatings. The dual precursor-derived AR coatings exhibited an increase of 5.08% in average transmittance at wavelengths from 300 to 1200 nm and a small relative reduction below 0.6% after an ultra-long highly-accelerated humidity and temperature stress test duration of 120 h, equivalent to a 5000 h damp heat test at a temperature and a relative humidity of 85 °C and 85%, respectively, as well as the excellent abrasion and dust resistance. The e?ects of the dual precursor-derived AR coatings on PV devices were evaluated by the encapsulated crystalline silicon mini-modules, where the improvements of 2.45% and 3.20% in the short-circuit current and the power conversion e?ciency (Jsc and PCE) on average, respectively, relative to the bare glass encapsulated mini-modules were observed; meanwhile, the dust resistance of the AR coatings brought about the less degradations of 1.01% and 1.15% in Jsc and PCE, respectively, after the dust settling and removal tests, while the mini-modules with bare glass were 3.45% and 4.40%. It was believed that the dual-precursor, potentially, multi-precursor protocols would pave the way towards developing mechanically robust AR coatings with various fascinating functionalities, such as anti-?ngerprint, anti-soiling, anti-fogging, and anti-icing.
关键词： Dual precursors,Hollow silica nanospheres,Antire?ection coatings,Dust resistance,Abrasion,Humidity
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Why environmental dust influences solar energy harvesting
摘要： In order to minimize dust effects on optical surfaces related to the solar energy harvesting, adhesion between the active surface of energy harvesting device and the dust particles needs to be lowered. Consequently, the pinning force for the dust particles reduces, and the dust particles can be removed via creating the self‐cleaning effect. The wetting state of the active surface becomes critical towards reducing the pinning force. In this case, hydrophobic surfaces remain favorable reducing the dust adhesion on the surfaces. In the present perspective, characteristics of the environmental dust particles and their effects in humid air ambient are presented. The methods for dust removal from the surfaces and the optical transmittance reduction by the dust particles are discussed. The challenges and future perspectives of surface texturing towards achieving hydrophobicity and optical transmittance are also introduced.
关键词： environmental dust,solar energy harvesting,optical transmittance
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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IoT Based Framework: Mathematical Modelling and Analysis of Dust Impact on Solar Panels
摘要： The solar photovoltaic performance is governed by manifold parameters viz. temperature, irradiance, dust on solar module, photoactive material, panel orientation. Among these dust is a critical impediment, as its accumulation on panel surface degrades its productivity; while frequent cleaning sessions affect module's life and result into PV destruction. Accordingly, the need to know dust thickness responsible for deteriorating panel's capability and adequate cleaning time of solar panels to produce optimum yields is requisite. This paper aims to discern a right cleaning time, owing to a particular dust thickness so as to conserve the panel efficiency using internet of things (IoT). The mathematical correlations of PV efficiency and current with thickness of accumulated dust are derived using linear regression. Further, these equations are associated with an IoT-based platform which remotely monitors and records PV output current; thereafter dust thickness corresponding to a significant current reduction is estimated. For this, experimental data of 46 inverters with total 114,819.30 kWh productions in a month with an average of 4416.13 kWh/day is accessed and the results pertaining to mathematical analysis exhibit a decline in current by 1 A with 5.51 × 10^{-3} mm thickness of dust.
关键词： Transmittance,Photovoltaic module,Output efficiency,Dust deposition
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Vision-Based Measurement of Dust Concentration by Image Transmission
摘要： A vision-based measurement (VBM) of dust concentration with high accuracy can be used to analyze dust pollution and reveal the distribution law of dust concentration in a production workshop. In conventional VBM, grayscale and morphological features of a dust image are commonly used. However, their measurement accuracy is limited by the atmospheric light scattering effect of surrounding light and the occlusion effect of dust particles. Thus, a high accuracy VBM system is investigated that is based on the relationship between dust concentration and image transmission (RCT) model. Meanwhile, a calculation method for image transmission that utilizes the atmospheric light scattering effect and the occlusion effect of dust particles is proposed in this paper. The experimental results show that in the proposed system, the relative error is ±3.0%, the relative uncertainty is 2.05%, the correlation is 0.99, the measurement range is 0.5–1000 mg/m3, and the measurement period is 2 s. The RCT tends to be a negative correlation, which is a quadratic polynomial. The impact of the atmospheric light scattering effect and the occlusion effect of dust particles on measurement accuracy can be eliminated by utilizing image transmission. The proposed system can be used as an alternative measurement of dust concentration in the workshop.
关键词： machine vision,global atmospheric light,Dust concentration,transmission
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 International Ural Conference on Green Energy (UralCon) - Chelyabinsk (2018.10.4-2018.10.6)] 2018 International Ural Conference on Green Energy (UralCon) - Development of Effective Device for Protection of Solar Modules from Contamination
摘要： This paper considers the problem of the contamination of the solar modules' surface in the industrial megalopolis. It shows the methods of manual and automated cleaning and the characteristics of contaminant's composition. A new device construction for protecting modules from finely divided dust, based on electron-ion technology principles is proposed. It is established that the catch level of dust particles is determined by the Deutsch formula and depends on the electric field voltage, created by the high potential of the precipitation plates. The calculation of catching dust particles efficiency depending on the air flow speed is done. A pulse source scheme of a high-voltage is developed.
关键词： electron-ion technology,contamination,solar modules,dust catching efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Near-infrared emission from sublimating dust in collisionally active debris disks
摘要： Context. Hot exozodiacal dust is thought to be responsible for excess near-infrared (NIR) emission emanating from the innermost parts of some debris disks. The origin of this dust, however, is still a matter of debate. Aims. We test whether hot exozodiacal dust can be supplied from an exterior parent belt by Poynting–Robertson (P–R) drag, paying special attention to the pile-up of dust that occurs owing to the interplay of P–R drag and dust sublimation. Specifically, we investigate whether pile-ups still occur when collisions are taken into account, and if they can explain the observed NIR excess. Methods. We computed the steady-state distribution of dust in the inner disk by solving the continuity equation. First, we derived an analytical solution under a number of simplifying assumptions. Second, we developed a numerical debris disk model that for the first time treats the complex interaction of collisions, P–R drag, and sublimation in a self-consistent way. From the resulting dust distributions, we generated thermal emission spectra and compare these to observed excess NIR fluxes. Results. We confirm that P–R drag always supplies a small amount of dust to the sublimation zone, but find that a fully consistent treatment yields a maximum amount of dust that is about 7 times lower than that given by analytical estimates. The NIR excess due to this material is much less (<～10?3 for A-type stars with parent belts at >～1 AU) than the values derived from interferometric observations (～10?2). Pile-up of dust still occurs when collisions are considered, but its effect on the NIR flux is insignificant. Finally, the cross-section in the innermost regions is clearly dominated by barely bound grains.
关键词： circumstellar matter,zodiacal dust
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29