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Dye sensitized solar cells based on titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized by flame spray pyrolysis and hydrothermal sol-gel methods: a comparative study on photovoltaic performances
摘要： Synthesis methods, shape and size of the nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) are very crucial parameters for the power conversion efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells. In this article, nanoparticles of TiO2 powders have been synthesized via flame spray pyrolysis and hydrothermal sol-gel methods. These powders have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. In particular, the photovoltaic performances of the dye sensitized solar cells based on TiO2 synthesized by flame spray pyrolysis and hydrothermal sol-gel method have been compared. A commercial dye, N719 and a platinum doped counter electrode have been used for fabricating cells. Furthermore, a standard dye sensitized solar cell device has been fabricated by using a commercial Titania electrode in order to use as a reference cell. As a result, power conversion efficiencies of solar cells (under standard conditions, AM 1.5 G, 100 mW cm?2) have been calculated as 2.44, 3.94, and 7.67 % with TiO2 synthesized via flame spray pyrolysis method, hydrothermal sol-gel method and reference Titania electrode, respectively.
关键词： Sol gel,Flame spray pyrolysis,Dye sensitized solar cells,Hydrothermal method
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Performance Enhancement of Betanin Solar Cells Co-Sensitized with Indigo and Lawsone: A Comparative Study
摘要： Co-sensitization is an important strategy toward e?ciency enhancement of solar cells by enabling better light harvesting across the solar spectrum. Betanin is a natural dye which absorbs light in the major portion of the incident solar spectrum (green region) and is the most e?cient natural pigment used in dye-sensitized solar cells. This study investigates the performance enhancement of a betanin solar cell by co-sensitizing it with two natural pigments which show complementary light absorption, indigo and lawsone, absorbing in the red and blue regions of the solar spectrum, respectively. The calculated highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies of the pigment molecules, derived from density functional theory (DFT) simulations, con?rmed their optimal alignment with respect to the conduction band energy of the TiO2 semiconductor and reduction potential energy level of the I?/I3 ? electrolyte, a necessary requirement for optimal device performance. Lawsone solar cells displayed better performance, showing average e?ciencies of 0.311 ± 0.034%, compared to indigo solar cells showing e?ciencies of 0.060 ± 0.004%. Betanin was co-sensitized with indigo and lawsone, and the performances of the co-sensitized solar cells were compared. The betanin/lawsone co-sensitized solar cell showed a higher average e?ciency of 0.793 ± 0.021% compared to 0.655 ± 0.019% obtained for the betanin/indigo co-sensitized solar cell. An 11.7% enhancement in e?ciency (with respect to betanin) was observed for the betanin/indigo solar cell, whereas a higher enhancement of 25.5% was observed for the betanin/lawsone solar cell. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies con?rmed that the higher e?ciency can be attributed to the higher electron lifetime of 313.8 ms in the betanin/lawsone co-sensitized solar cell compared to 291.4 ms in the betanin/indigo solar cell. This is due to the energy levels being more optimally aligned in lawsone compared to that of indigo, as observed in the DFT studies, and the lack of dipole moment in indigo, resulting in more e?cient charge separation and charge transfer in lawsone.
关键词： DFT simulations,indigo,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,dye-sensitized solar cells,co-sensitization,betanin,lawsone
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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The effect of TiCl <sub/>4</sub> treatment on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is used to form the anode in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and is thus one of the crucial components of this type of solar cell. A large range of treatments of the titania anode before deposition of the dye have been applied to improve the performance of DSSCs among which the TiCl4 treatment is the most frequently used treatment. The present study investigates how the TiCl4 treatment of the TiO2 changes the anode. For this purpose, different sample sets, nontreated, post-treated, and pre-post treated cells, were fabricated and analyzed with electron and ion scattering spectroscopy to investigate how they change the titania surface and consequently influence the cell performance. After the TiCl4 treatment, the short circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), and efficiency significantly improved. An upward shift in the conduction band of the semiconductor as an effect of TiCl4 treatment was measured using inverse photoemission spectroscopy and UV-photoelectron spectroscopy. An increase in dye adsorption due to the treatment was found through neutral impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy measurement. The change in the energy level alignment of the titania and the adsorbed dye and the increase in dye loading explain the threefold increase of power conversion of the cells.
关键词： TiO2,dye-sensitized solar cells,electron and ion scattering spectroscopy,power conversion efficiency,TiCl4 treatment
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Electric‐Withdrawing Anchor Group of Sensitizer for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells, Cyanoacrylic Acid or Benzoic Acid?
摘要： High electron injection efficiency is important for further development of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Different electron acceptors have different electron injection capabilities, which affect device performance. Here, this article report on the effects of two organic triazatruxene (TAT)-based donor-π-bridge-acceptor sensitizers applied in DSSCs. The sensitizers had either rigid 4-ethynyl benzoic acid (EBA) or Z-type cyanoacrylic acid (CA) as their electron acceptor, denoted as ZL003 and ZL005, respectively. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TR-PL) spectroscopy was applied to reveal the electron transfer dynamics between the sensitizers and TiO2 films. Notably, ZL003 had higher electron injection efficiency compared with that of ZL005, which was consistent with the higher efficiency and photocurrent of devices based on the former. The dye loading of ZL003 was nearly twice as great as that of ZL005, which accounts for the lower photocurrent of the device. The charge recombination lifetimes for the two dyes were consistent with their open-circuit voltage. Consequently, the ZL003 based devices achieved a higher power conversion efficiency of 13.4% compared with only 7.2% for ZL005.
关键词： electron injection efficiency,time-resolved photoluminescence (TR-PL),dye-sensitized solar cells,electron acceptor
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Axial-symmetric conjugated group promoting intramolecular charge transfer performances of triphenylamine sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： The intramolecular charge transport (ICT) process directly determines the charge generation, transport, and even injection of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) sensitizer. Herein, we constructed a new series of D-π-A system by linking 4-methoxyphenyl and triphenylamine donors with an ethynyl group having an axial-symmetric conjugated system. Since the axisymmetric conjugate group overcomes the reduction of the conjugate characteristic caused by the plane distortion, the molecular ICT performance and the electronic recombination inhibition are effectively improved. As a result, the photoelectric conversion efficiency was increased from 3.43% to 6.37% by means of the extension of the π-bridge at same time. It provides a new idea for the design and development of DSSC sensitizers in the future.
关键词： ethynyl group,Triphenylamine,Dye-sensitized Solar Cells,D-π-A
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Effect of ionic liquid concentration on the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cell
摘要： Quasi-solid-state electrolytes based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdf-HFP), propylene carbonate (PC), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and different concentrations of 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (MPII) salt were prepared. The highest room temperature conductivity of 4.6 x 10-3 S cm-1 was achieved with 1.0M MPII. The effect of MPII on the conductivity was discussed on the basis of number free ions. The number of free ions were estimated by impedance spectroscopy method. DSSC at 1.0M MPII shows the conversion efficiency, η of 3.70% with short-circuit current density, Jsc of 8.65 mA cm-2, open circuit voltage, Voc of 641 mV and a fill factor, FF of 66%.
关键词： MPII,Electrolyte,Quasi-solid state,PVdF-HFP,Dye-sensitized solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Boosting the efficiency of dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells using plasmonic gold nanoparticles
摘要： In this work, the focus is on the modification of titanium dioxide (TiO2) photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by mixing the TiO2 with plasmonic gold (Au) nanoparticles with the aim to enhance the performance. Different concentrations of Au nanoparticles were incorporated into TiO2 and their J-V characteristics have been taken under white light intensity of 100 mW cm-2 to obtain the optimum concentration. DSSC made from commercial ruthenium based dye (N3) with TiO2 containing 40 μL Au photoanode and liquid electrolyte (iodolyte Z-50) exhibited the Jsc of 17.52 mA cm-2, Voc of 0.62 V, FF of 0.64 and efficiency, η of 6.97 %. The photovoltaic parameters in terms of Jsc and η have showed improvement by 83% and 68%, respectively. The enhanced performance is due to more photocurrent have been generated as a result from the plasmonic effects of Au nanoparticles that improved the light absorption and scattering.
关键词： Plasmonic,Dye-sensitized solar cells,Gold nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Effect of Ligand Structures of Copper Redox Shuttles on Photovoltaic Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
摘要： In recent years, copper(I/II) complexes have emerged as alternative redox shuttles in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), exhibiting more positive redox potential than iodine- and cobalt-based redox shuttles. In particular, copper(I/II) complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline- or 2,2′-bipyridyl-based ligands attained moderate to high power conversion efficiencies (6?11%) with a high open-circuit voltage (VOC) over 1.0 V due to the positive potentials. Although copper(I/II) complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline-based ligands with 2,9-substituents have been developed, the effect of their ligand structures on the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs have not been fully addressed due to limited synthetic access to 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of copper(I/II) complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline ligands with different substituents at the 2,9-positions: bis(2-n-butyl-1,10-phenanthroline)copper(I/II) ([Cu(bp)2]1+/2+), bis(2-ethyl-9-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline)copper(I/II) ([Cu(emp)2]1+/2+), bis(2,9-diethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)copper(I/II) ([Cu(dep)2]1+/2+), and bis(2,9-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)copper(I/II) ([Cu(dpp)2]1+/2+). The more positive redox potentials of [Cu(emp)2]1+/2+ and [Cu(dep)2]1+/2+, compared to that of bis(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)copper(I/II) ([Cu(dmp)2]1+/2+), originate from the larger steric hindrance of the ethyl group instead of the methyl group, whereas the redox potential of [Cu(bp)2]1+/2+ is significantly shifted to the negative direction because of the lower steric hindrance of the 2-monosubstituted 1,10-phenanthroline ligands. The efficiency of the DSSC with [Cu(bp)2]1+/2+ (5.90%) is almost comparable to the DSSC with [Cu(dmp)2]1+/2+ (6.29%). In contrast, the DSSCs with [Cu(emp)2]1+/2+ (3.25%), [Cu(dep)2]1+/2+ (2.56%), and [Cu(dpp)2]1+/2+ (2.21%) exhibited lower efficiencies than those with [Cu(dmp)2]1+/2+ and [Cu(bp)2]1+/2+. The difference can be rationalized by the electron collection efficiencies. Considering the similar photovoltaic properties of the DSSCs with [Cu(bp)2]1+/2+ and [Cu(dmp)2]1+/2+, the use of copper(I/II) complexes with 2-monosubstituted 1,10-phenanthroline ligands as the redox shuttle may be useful to improve the short-circuit current density while retaining the rather high VOC value when dyes with a smaller bandgap (i.e., better light harvesting) are developed.
关键词： copper(I/II) complexes,ligand structures,redox shuttles,photovoltaic performance,dye-sensitized solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Improved long-term stability of dye-sensitized solar cell employing PMA/PVAc based gel polymer electrolyte
摘要： Gel polymer electrolytes based on blends of poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) were prepared using tetrapropylammonium iodide (TPAI) salt, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (BMII) ionic liquid and ethylene carbonate (EC) plasticizer. The mass fraction of EC, WEC was varied while the masses of the other components were kept constant in order to study the dependence of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) performance on EC concentration. Incorporation of EC in PMA/PVAc-TPAI-BMII has enhanced the e?ciency of the DSSC. The e?ciency enhancement is due to the increase in short circuit current density, Jsc, arising from the conductivity enhancement brought about by the EC. A DSSC with TPAI-BMII-EC liquid electrolyte was fabricated and its photovoltaic and stability performance were investigated and compared with DSSC with PMA/PVAc-TPAI-BMII-EC gel electrolyte. PMA/PVAc decreases the Jsc from 27.87 to 22.91 mA cm?2 and e?ciency, η from 12.28 to 9.67%. Linear sweep voltammetry studies reveal that PMA/PVAc decreases the ion motion in the electrolyte. Although PMA/PVAc deteriorates the performance of DSSC, but it improves the stability performance of DSSC by suppressing the recombination loss as evidenced from the increase in charge transfer resistance at the TiO2 electrode and longer electron recombination lifetime.
关键词： PVAc,Gel polymer electrolyte,PMA,Stability,Dye-sensitized solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Polyoxometalate‐derived multi‐component X/W2C@X, N‐C (X=Co, Si, Ge, B and P) nanoelectrocatalysts for efficient triiodide reduction in dye‐sensitized solar cells
摘要： A series of multi-component X/W2C@X,N-C hybrid catalysts have been prepared to systematically investigate the electro-catalytic activity of triiodide reduction in DSSCs. Different components in catalyst promote photovoltaic performance by synergistic effect. The electronegativity of dopants can directly influence the catalytic activity of catalysts.
关键词： nanocomposite,dye-sensitized solar cells,counter electrode,tungsten carbide,polyoxometalate
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22