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Physics of Energy Conversion () || 10. Photovoltaic energy conversion
摘要： In a photovoltaic device, solar energy is converted into electricity along a path very different from the one taken in a solarthermal power plant. Here, in a first step the energy of the solar photons is converted into chemical energy in a solid state absorber. This means that the absorber is brought into an electronically excited state involving a reconfiguration of its charge carriers by the generation of electron/hole (e?/h+)-pairs, i.e. by the following reaction: Ground state + ?? → e? + h+. Here, ?? represents a photon with sufficient energy to bring an electron to the excited state. The chemical energy of the charge carrier ensembles in the conduction and valence bands is then converted into electrical energy by spatially separating the e?/h+-pairs via electrical contacts of the absorber which are electron or hole selective, respectively. In general such selective contacts can only be realized by a jump in the material properties between the two contacts, an example for this being a pn-junction. Since under illumination electrons and holes have different electrochemical potentials in the absorber material, this separation leads to a voltage drop between the contacts selective for the different charge carrier types. It is thus the selectivity of the contacts that introduces the built-in asymmetry into the solar cell, making it a usable voltage source (see Section 5.2). This basic working principle is true for all types of solar cells, ranging from conventional solar cells built from crystalline silicon (c-Si) over thin film solar cells fabricated from different materials such as, e.g. Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) to organic or dye sensitized solar cells, and is schematically shown in Figure 10.1.
关键词： electricity,solid state absorber,solar energy,photovoltaic,pn-junction,dye sensitized solar cells,organic solar cells,CIGS,thin film solar cells,crystalline silicon,electron/hole pairs
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Combined statistical physics models and DFT theory to study the adsorption process of paprika dye On TiO2 for dye sensitized solar cells
摘要： This study reported the combination of advanced statistical physics modeling and density functional theory (DFT) investigation for the interpretation of the adsorption of Paprika dye on TiO2 surface for dye sensitized solar cells. By using a statistical physics modeling method, an adequate monolayer model with four energies was successfully used to interpret the adsorption process at a macroscopic level. The DFT simulation has been used to study the interaction of the Paprika dye on TiO2 surface to understand some of the atomistic details that are crucial to the dye/semiconductor interaction. We pay particular attention to the adsorption modes, geometries and energies between the paprika dye and TiO2. The DFT simulation determined different binding modes which participated in the adsorption of Paprika dye on TiO2 surface: monodentate coordination via hydrogen atom bond, monodentate coordination via oxygen atom bond and bidentate coordination via two oxygen atoms bond. In particular, calculations showed that the interaction between the paprika dye and TiO2 is strengthened with the bidentate coordination mode via the two hydroxyl and ether functionalities groups involved in the adsorption process.
关键词： Statistical physics modeling,Dye sensitized solar cells,Paprika oleoresin dye,Adsorption isotherms,DFT simulation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Dihydrophenazine‐based double‐anchoring dye for dye‐sensitized solar cells
摘要： A novel dihydrophenazine-based organic di-anchoring dye DK-11 was synthesized by utilizing a simple synthetic protocol. The dye was characterized by optical and electrochemical studies and used as a sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cell. The proposed butterfly structure was supported by IR experiments which ensured the binding of both carboxylic acid units on the semiconductor surface. Using the dye DK-11, the device generated an efficiency of 5.07% with JSC, VOC, and FF values of 10.65 mA/cm2, 0.67 V, and 0.71, respectively.
关键词： donor-acceptor dyes,dye-TiO2 binding,molecular geometry,di-anchoring dyes,dye-sensitized solar cells
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Co-sensitization of porphyrin and metal-free dye for panchromatic dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： Porphyrin dyes are outstanding photosensitizers. However, one of the limitations of using porphyrin dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) is their weak absorption in the 500–600 nm region. Co-sensitization approach with two complementary dyes is an approach to solve this problem. So, to enhance the DSSC performance by improving harvesting solar light, we have studied porphyrin dye (LD12) and an organic dye (D149) as the co-sensitizer. This co-sensitized LD12 + D149 device with complementary in their spectral responses shows the power conversion efficiency about 6.8%, which is higher compared with the individual LD12 and D149 solar cells. The obtained photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) by using this co-sensitized solar cell demonstrates a strong and broad spectral response. This improvement is due to increment of the dyes loading amounts, the fine-matched molecular structures and absorptions of both dyes as the co-sensitization system.
关键词： Dye-sensitized solar cells,Organic dye,Porphyrin,Co-sensitization
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Thermal and angular dependence of next‐generation photovoltaics under indoor lighting
摘要： Next‐generation photovoltaic technologies such as dye‐sensitized solar cells, organic thin‐film photovoltaics and perovskite solar cells are promising to efficiently harvest ambient light energy. However, more and deeper understanding of their photovoltaic characteristics is essential to create new applications under room light illumination. In this study, for the first time, the difference in temperature coefficients and angular dependence of photovoltaic parameters for the large‐area devices are investigated systematically under the compact fluorescent lamp and light‐emitting diode light. These emerging photovoltaic devices, compared with the single crystalline silicon solar cells, not only have higher open‐circuit voltage (up to approximate 1 V) and better power conversion efficiency (in the range of 9.2% ~ 22.6%) but also exhibit less temperature dependent voltage and output power (< ?0.6% °C?1), as well as broader angular response (over 75 degrees). The state‐of‐the‐art dye‐sensitized and organic thin‐film devices also show advantageously positive temperature coefficients of current, and the latter even has positive thermal dependence of fill factor. These features suggest the next‐generation photovoltaic devices are more favorable than the conventional crystalline silicon solar cells for real‐life indoor applications.
关键词： dye‐sensitized solar cells,indoor lighting,perovskite solar cells,temperature and angular dependent power,organic thin‐film photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Green and simple preparation of carbon-coated iron pyrite thin films for solar cells application
摘要： Carbon-coated iron pyrite (FeS2@C) was prepared by a green and simple method. The utilization of an amorphous carbon-shell layer formed from a glucose source coated on the surface of core-pyrite nanoparticles. The FeS2@C thin film was formed by coating synthesized iron pyrite nanoparticles with a carbon layer and depositing the carbon-coated iron pyrite on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate by spin-coating. The morphological, structural, and chemical composition properties of FeS2@C film was measured and characterized. Devices with the structure of FTO/TiO2/redox electrolyte/counter electrodes (FeS2@C, pristine FeS2, and Pt)/FTO were fabricated. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the FeS2@C-device (PCE ~ 6.94%), the pristine FeS2-device (PCE ~ 5.69%), the Pt-device (PCE ~ 6.48%). The improving of the device performance indicated that the FeS2@C thin film can be a good counter electrode (CE) for the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
关键词： Dye-sensitized solar cells,Carbon-coated iron pyrite,FeS2@C,Counter electrode,Power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Complementary Properties of Silver Nanoparticles on the Photovoltaic Performance of Titania Nanospheres Based Photoanode in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
摘要： In this study, the fabrication of photoanode of dye-sensitized solar cell using silver@titania nanospheres and N719 dye, and its enhanced photovoltaic performance in the dye-sensitized solar cell is described. Silver@titania with different mol. % of silver (1, 3 and 5 %) are synthesized using facile sol-gel and photochemical reduction method and are characterized by suitable analytical techniques. The synthesized nanocomposite materials showed nanospheres like morphology. Moreover, photoluminescence studies revealed that incorporation of silver nanoparticles on the titania nanospheres surface suppressed charge recombination process and which is more beneficial for dye-sensitized solar cells. Silver@titania nanospheres are successfully employed as a photoanode and demonstrated an enhanced solar-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency of 5.24 %, under full sun illumination (100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5 G) which is 30.67 % enhancement than that of bare titania nanospheres (4.01 %). This enhanced efficiency is attributed to the rapid interfacial charge transfer process and plasmonic effect offered by silver nanoparticles present in the silver@titania nanospheres. The improved charge transfer process led to minimize the back electron transfer reaction in the device. With complementary properties of silver nanoparticles, the high performance demonstrated by the silver@titania nanospheres could be an excellent candidate for the light energy harvesting applications.
关键词： Dye-sensitized solar cells,Plasmonic nanoparticles,Schottky barrier,Titania nanospheres,Silver nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide/Titanium Dioxide Photoanodes in Parallel
摘要： In this study, both zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanosheets were deposited by hydrothermal growth on ?uorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass. After a photoanode was added to ZnO nanorods or AZO nanosheets, the photovoltaic conversion e?ciency (PCE) increased due to improved electron transport and enhanced dye absorption. The improvement in electron transport was veri?ed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the increase in dye absorption was veri?ed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Both of these factors facilitated an increase in PCE. Parameters for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using ZnO nanorods/TiO2 and AZO nanosheets/TiO2 photoanodes were tested and the results were recorded using EIS. The results indicated that the addition of the ZnO nanorods increased the short-circuit current density (Jsc) from 9.07 mA/cm2 to 10.91 mA/cm2, the open circuit voltage (Voc) from 0.68 V to 0.70 V, and the PCE from 3.70% to 4.73%, respectively. When the DSSCs were produced in a parallel silver-grid device, the results showed that PCE could be increased from 3.67% to 4.04% due to the reduction in connection resistance.
关键词： titanium dioxide (TiO2),dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs),parallel connection,aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO)
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Methodical review of the literature referred to the dye-sensitized solar cells: Bibliometrics analysis and road mapping
摘要： This study presents a systematic review of the literature pertaining to Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs), in order to anticipate the direction and speed of change in technology trend. To study the general progression in DSSC research, we have assessed the evolution in annual DSSCs publications and their citations. Further, in order to identify the intellectual bases, we have also classified the journals, authors, institutes and countries according to their scientific productivity in the field of DSSCs research during the period of 2007 - 2019.
关键词： Dye-sensitized solar cells,Scientific productivity,International cooperation network,Bibliometric analysis
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Defect Density-Dependent Electron Injection From Excited-State Ru(II) Tris-Diimine Complexes Into Defect- Controlled Oxide Semiconductors
摘要： Dye-sensitized solar cells and photocatalysts that consist of a light absorbing dye and a wide gap oxide semiconductor substrate have been studied extensively as a means of solar energy conversion. Although defects existing at an oxide surface have a significant impact on the electron injection efficiency from the excited state dye-molecule into the oxide, the effects of defects on the electron injection process has not been fully understood in any dye-sensitized system. In this study, we present a systematic evaluation of electron injection into defects using emissive Ru(II) complexes adsorbed on oxide substrates (HCa2Nb3O10 nanosheets and nonstoichiometric SrTiO3—"), which had different defect densities. Using these oxides, electron injection from adsorbed Ru(II) complexes was observed by time-resolved emission spectroscopy. It was shown that electron injection from the excited state Ru(II) complex into an oxide was influenced by the defect density of the oxide as well as by the excited state oxidation potential (Eox*) of the Ru(II) complex. Electron injection was clearly accelerated with increasing defect density of the oxide, and was inhibited with increasing electron density of the oxide because of a trap-filling effect. Even though the Eox* of the Ru(II) complex was more positive than the conduction band edge potential of the oxide, electron injection into defects could be identified when a defective oxide was employed. The electron injection event is discussed in detail, on the basis of the defect density and the energy levels of oxides as well as the Eox* values of Ru(II) complexes. Overall the results suggest that it is possible to estimate the potential of surface defect states in an oxide by changing Eox* of an emissive complex dye.
关键词： Dye-sensitized solar cells,defect density,electron injection,Ru(II) complexes,time-resolved emission spectroscopy,photocatalysts
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04