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Synthesis of Low‐Viscosity Ionic Liquids for Application in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
摘要： Two types of ionic liquids (ILs), 1-(3-hexenyl)-3-methyl imidazolium iodide and 1-(3-butenyl)-3-methyl imidazolium iodide, are synthesized by introducing an unsaturated bond into the side alkyl chain of the imidazolium cation. These new ionic liquids exhibit high thermal stability and low viscosity (104 cP and 80 cP, respectively). The molecular dynamics simulation shows that the double bond introduced in the alkane chain greatly changes the molecular system space arrangement and diminishes the packing efficiency, leading to low viscosity. The low viscosity of the synthesized ionic liquids would enhance the diffusion of redox couples. This enhancement is detected by fabricating dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with electrolytes containing the two ILs and I2. The highest efficiency of DSSCs is 6.85 % for 1-(3-hexenyl)-3-methyl imidazolium iodide and 5.93 % for 1-(3-butenyl)-3-methyl imidazolium iodide electrolyte, which is much higher than that of 5.17 % with the counterpart 1-hexyl-3-methyl imidazolium iodide electrolyte.
关键词： dye-sensitized solar cell,viscosity,electrolyte,ionic liquid
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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High Efficiency Dye Sensitized Solar Cell from <i>Tectona Grandis</i> and red <i>Crysanthemum Morifolium</i> as a Sensitizer
摘要： Tectona Grandis leaves and red Crysanthemum Morifolium have been used as sensitizers for dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) using organic solvents by ethanol, citric acid, and distilled water in respectively with the ratio of 5 : 1 : 4. TiO2 paste was spin-coated on top Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) conductive glass and calcinated at temperature of 450oC for 10 min. The chemical properties were analysis by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the presence of anthocyanin from Tectona Grandis leaves and red Crysanthemum Morifolium petal. The physical properties were analysis by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer was performed to measure the absorbance of dye solution in the visible spectrum range and X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) was used to determine the structure of TiO2/ITO and Dye/TiO2/ITO. Among the three dyes studied, the mixed dye solution from Tectona Grandis leaves and red Crysanthemum Morifolium was shows the best photosensitization effects with the conversion efficiency is 0.834 %.
关键词： sensitizer,red Crysanthemum Morifolium,Tectona Grandis,Dye Sensitized Solar Cell,anthocyanin
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Zwitterion Effect of Cow Brain Protein towards Efficiency Improvement of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)
摘要： Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) constitutes a solar cell using natural dyes from plants that are adsorbed in semiconductors to convert solar energy into electrical energy. DSSC has relatively inexpensive fabrication costs, is easy to produce, works in visible light, and is environmentally friendly. The disadvantage of DSSC is that its e?ciency is still low compared to silicon solar cells. This low e?ciency is due to obstacles in the ?ow of electric current on DSSC. In this study, DSSC has been successfully fabricated with the deposition of clathrin protein from cow brain. The zwitterions e?ect of protein on cow brain is able to reduce resistance and increase electric current on DSSC. The zwitterions e?ect of cow brain protein that ?lls gaps or empty spaces between TiO2 particles generates acidic reactions (capturing electrons) and bases (releasing electrons); hence, proteins in the cow brain are able to function as electron bridges between TiO2 molecules and generate an increase in electric current in DSSC. The method used in this research was to deposit clathrin protein from cow brain in a porous TiO2 semiconductor with a concentration of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%. Tests carried out on DSSC that have been performed were X-Ray Di?ractometer (XRD) testing to determine the crystal structure formed, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) testing to determine the functional groups formed on DSSC, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) testing to determine the surface morphological characteristics of the DSSC layer, and testing the e?ciency using AM 1.5 G solar simulator (1000 W/m2) to determine the e?ciency changes that occur in DSSC. From the XRD test results by increasing the concentration of cow brain protein in DSSC, the structure of amino acid crystals also increased and the crystal size increased with the largest crystal size of 42.25 nm at the addition of 75% of cow brain protein. FTIR test results show that the addition of cow brain protein will form functional protein-forming amino groups on DSSC. FTIR analysis shows the sharp absorption of energy by protein functional groups in the FTIR spectrum with increasing concentration of cow brain protein in DSSC. The SEM test results show that the concentration of additional molecules of protein deposited into TiO2 increases and the cavity or pore between the TiO2 molecules decreases. The reduction of cavities in the layers indicates that protein molecules ?ll cavities that exist between TiO2 molecules. From the results of testing using AM 1.5 G solar simulator (1000 W/m2), the highest e?ciency value is 1.465% with the addition of 75% brain protein concentration.
关键词： DSSC,efficiency improvement,clathrin protein,zwitterions effect,TiO2,Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell,cow brain
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Grafted PEO polymeric ionic liquid nanocomposite electrospun membrane for efficient and stable dye sensitized solar cell
摘要： An innovative polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) was synthesized by covalently grafting vinyl imidazolium iodide and methyl methacrylate onto poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO). Synthesised tungsten oxide nanoparticles (WO3NPs) were incorporated into the PIL solution and a polymer nanocomposite fibrous membrane (PVIM-W) was fabricated by electrospinning. This was used as a functional electrolyte for quasi solid state dye sensitized solar cell ((QSS-DSSC). The structure and morphology of the membranes and its physical characteristics as electrolytes were studied. The SEM images showed formation of uniform and beadless nanofibers. Photovoltaic and electrochemical effects of all the electrolytes have been examined. PVIM-W membrane exhibited superior power conversion efficiency (η) of 7.2% and better stability (up to 94.4% of its initial conversion efficiency after 500 h) when compared to the cell with the liquid electrolyte (η= 6.85%) and the ungrafted PEO membrane. This novel PVIM-W membrane based electrolyte shows great prospect for development of efficient and stable QSS-DSSC.
关键词： polymeric ionic liquid,poly (ethylene oxide),Dye sensitized solar cell,electrolyte,electrospun membrane
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Reverse micelle facilitated synthesis of nanostructured polyaniline as the counter electrode materials in dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： We report a reverse-micelle emulsion polymerization of nanostructured PANI using a nonionic surfactant Polyglyceryl-2-Dipolyhydroxystearate (PGPH) at various concentrations from 2% to 6% (v/v). SEM images show that the obtained morphologies are irregular agglomerates at low PGPH concentration and relatively regular granules at high PGPH concentration. FTIR and Raman spectra show that the synthesized PANI is in the form of Emeraldine salt (PANI ES) with electrical conductivity around 10?3 S cm?1. Photovoltaic current-voltage (J-V) measurements show the highest power conversion efficiency is achieved at 1.71% at 6% (v/v) of PGPH.
关键词： dye-sensitized solar cell,Counter-electrode materials,nanostructured polyaniline,emulsion polymerization,reverse micelle,polyglyceryl-2-dipolyhydroxystearate
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Polyvinylpyrrolidone with ammonium iodide and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ionic liquid-doped solid polymer electrolyte for efficient dye sensitized solar cell
摘要： Polymer electrolytes were prepared by doping polyvinylpyrrolidone and ammonium iodide ion with an ionic liquid (IL) 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide. Polymer electrolytes were prepared by solution cast technique. Ionic conductivity was improved by the addition of IL which is studied using complex impedance spectroscopy by evaluating ionic conductivity. Using maximum electrical conductivity film, laboratory-scale dye-sensitized solar cell has been fabricated which shows stable performance.
关键词： dye-sensitized solar cell,conductivity,Polymer electrolyte,ionic liquid
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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“Paper Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell” Based on Carbon-Nanotube-Composite Papers
摘要： We propose a paper solar cell based on carbon nanotube (CNT)-composite papers. To fabricate this cell, we use dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) for generating power through the redox reaction of dyes in conjunction with CNT-composite papers, which are composite materials containing CNTs and pulp (raw paper material) that can be fabricated easily by using a method based on the Japanese washi papermaking technique. The demand for CNT applications is expected to increase due to their high conductivity and metallic or semiconducting characteristics. This CNT-composite paper can also have metallic or semiconducting characteristics based on the contained CNTs in the composite paper. We previously fabricated a DSC that generates electricity by using CNT-composite papers stacked in a typical DSC structure. However, the conversion e?ciency of this DSC was just 0.188%, which is not practical. To overcome this low power generation issue, we tried improving the DSC structure by applying electrodes to the CNT-composite papers in grid patterns for e?cient current collection and applying an optimally mixed dye for e?cient electron excitation. Results showed that the conversion e?ciency improved to 0.58%. Moreover, we demonstrated that using a mixed dye can improve the conversion e?ciency of the paper DSC. We expect these types of CNT-composite papers to be used as material for new DSCs.
关键词： dye,carbon-nanotube-composite paper,carbon nanotube,dye-sensitized solar cell,paper,?exible device
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles using Bixa orellana seed extract and its application for solar cells
摘要： Mesoporous anatase TiO2 nanoparticles are the best photoanode materials for high performance DSSC. Chemical and physical methods used for the preparation of TiO2 nanoparticles suffer with environment related issues e.g. use of toxic solvents, hazardous by-products and consumptions of high energy. We have synthesized mesoporous anatase TiO2 nanoparticles from Titanium (IV) butoxide solution using Bixa orellana seed extract and further used it for making DSSC photoanode. The method offers environment friendly, cheaper and efficient DSSC. Structure, morphology, size and porosity of TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM and N2 sorption measurements. The amount of dye loading by TiO2 was obtained using desorption technique which revealed much higher dye loading for the plant seed grown nanoparticles (G-TNP). TNP and G-TNP demonstrated photovoltaic conversion efficiencies 1.03% and 2.97% respectively. This study therefore demonstrates that the synthesized mesoporous anatase TiO2 naoparticles can serve as promising photoanode materials for DSSC applications.
关键词： Natural dye,Thin film,Photoanode,TiO2 nanoparticles,Dye-sensitized solar cell,Bixa orellana
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Heteroaromatic rings as linkers for quercetin-based dye-sensitized solar cell applications: a TDDFT investigation
摘要： The electronic properties of quercetin (Q)–π–cyanoacrylic acid (CNA) dye molecules using heteroaromatic rings, namely cyclopentadiene (F1), furan (F2), pyrrole (F3), thiophene (F4), oxazole (F5), imidazole (F6), thiazole (F7), isoindene (FF1), benzofuran (FF2), indole (FF3), benzothiophene (FF4), benzoxazole (FF5), benzimidazole (FF6), and benzothiazole (FF7), as π-linkers are studied for the first time using Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent to predict their excitation energy, absorption wavelength, oscillator strength, light harvesting efficiency, and exciton binding energy. The charge transfer and charge regeneration in the ground and excited states of the dyes are established. The photon to electron energy transfer from the dye (quercetin) to the semiconductor (TiO2) surface is analyzed based on intramolecular charge transfer. The results of the electron transfer studies on these newly designed dyes could be used to enhance the performance of resulting dye-sensitized solar cells.
关键词： Molecular orbital,Quercetin dye,Absorption spectra,Dye-sensitized solar cell,Light harvesting efficiency
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Natural Dye of Musa acuminata bracts as Light Absorbing Sensitizer for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
摘要： Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) has attracted researcher attentions because of its ability in converting light and has good performance at relatively low costs. The highest conversion efficiency is 4%. Musa acuminata bracts extract and a spin coating method are used. DSSC is fabricated based on musa acuminata bracts extract in a variation of mass fraction 0.1–0.5 with an increase of 0.1. The absorbances of organic dyes are determined using Vis-Nir and the highest one is found at 0.3 mass fraction with a wavelength spectrum of 500-600 nm. Conversion efficiency is determined using the Nachriebe 101 tool.
关键词： natural dye,dye-sensitized solar cell,musa acuminata bracts,thin film,photosensitizer
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52