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Efficient near IR porphyrins containing a triphenylamine-substituted anthryl donating group for dye sensitized solar cells
摘要： Three porphyrin dyes comprising 4-(10-ethynylanthracen-9-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline as an extended p-conjugated donor integrated with systematically varied acceptor groups, i.e., 2-cyano-3-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)acrylic acid (LG19), 2-cyano-3-(5-(7-methylbenzo[c][1,2,5] thiadiazol-4-yl) thiophen-2-yl)acrylic acid (LG20), and 2-cyano-3-(4-(7-methyl benzo[c][1,2,5] thiadiazol-4-yl) phenyl)acrylic acid (LG21), have been synthesized and implemented in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). All these sensitizers were characterized by various spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. The absorption maxima of LG20 significantly red-shifted to 707 nm, when compared to those of the LG19 and LG21 sensitizers. Optical, electrochemical and theoretical studies suggest that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) of LG20 and LG21 are very close to the TiO2 conduction band, when compared to that of LG19. The IPCE values of LG20 and LG21 were found to be 81% at 486 nm and 83% at 482 nm, respectively, and the onset wavelengths were shifted up to 900–980 nm. With favourable red shifted absorption of the LG20 sensitizer, a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.0% has been observed for the fabricated DSSC, which was higher than those of the DSSCs fabricated from LG19 (PCE = 8.51%) and LG21 (PCE = 9.04%). Therefore, the effect of the extended p-conjugated donor, anchoring group, benzothiadiazole auxiliary acceptor and presence of dodecyloxy groups significantly contributed to enhancing the efficiency of the device using a liquid redox electrolyte. Finally, we have used intensity modulated photovoltage spectroscopy and nanosecond transient studies to explain the design and efficiency relationship of these sensitizers.
关键词： benzothiadiazole,dye sensitized solar cells,extended p-conjugated donor,power conversion efficiency,porphyrin dyes
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Potential of Purple Cabbage ( <i>Brassica oleracea var. capitata f</i> .) and Duwet Fruit ( <i>Eugenia cumini</i> ) as sensitizers in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)
摘要： Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) prototype has been investigated using purple cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f.) and duwet fruit (Eugenia cumini) as natural dyes. Dark purple natural dyes have been extracted from purple cabbage and duwet fruit. The extracts were used as sensitizing ingredients to make sensitizers in DSSC. Natural dyes were extracted with ultrasonic extraction methods using ethanol and distilled water at 30 0C with frequency 40 Hz for 30 minutes. The properties of purple cabbage and duwet fruit dye have been investigated by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The results showed that extracts of purple cabbage and duwet fruit had a dark red color, broad spectrum in 500-550 nm and photon energy of 2.28-2.37 eV. Both of the extracts have the same color and have the potential as sensitizers in DSSC development.
关键词： Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell,purple cabbage,anthocyanin,duwet fruit,natural dyes
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Molecular design of novel indacenodithiophene‐based organic dyes for efficient dye‐sensitized solar cells applications
摘要： Indacenodithiophene (IDT)-based high-efficiency photovoltaics have received increasing attention recently. This paper reports a density functional theory investigation of the electronic and optical properties of three IDT-based organic dyes together with the dye/(TiO2)46 interface. In order to enhance the photoelectric properties of IDT dyes, this paper considers two methods for the structure modification of the experimentally reported dye DPInDT (J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 8977): the extension of the conjugation length by dithienothiophene as well as the heteroatom substitution of the bridging atoms by electron-rich nitrogen atoms. Our calculations show that both methods obviously affect the distributions of the molecular orbitals and notably red shift the absorption peaks of around 20 nm, with the former method demonstrating enhanced light harvesting efficiency. The structure modifications proposed also enhance the emission spectrum properties for IDT-based organic dyes. The calculated ultrafast injection time of electrons from the excited state of IDT dyes to the (TiO2)46 belongs to the femtosecond order of magnitude, and is ideal for efficient photoelectric conversion process in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) applications. The IDT dyes designed in this paper have good electronic and spectroscopic properties. This study is expected to provide useful guidance for the development of novel IDT dyes for applications in DSSCs.
关键词： organic dyes,DFT simulations,indacenodithiophene,molecular design
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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π-Extended <i>cis</i> -Configured Unsymmetrical Squaraine Dyes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells: Panchromatic Response
摘要： Light absorbing sensitizer is the heart of the third generation photovoltaic technologies such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Despite possessing large extinction coefficients for the metal free organic dyes, the light harvesting efficiency is limited with the narrow absorption profile in either visible or NIR regions of the solar spectrum. Though monolayer formation of organic sensitizers on semiconducting metal oxide surface leads to dye-dye interaction that leads to broadening the absorption profile, the contribution of aggregated state to the power conversion process is found out to be poor. Here we have engineered far red active π-extended cis-configured unsymmetrical squaraine dyes with carboxylic acid and cycnoacetic acid as anchoring groups with controlled aggregation and panchromatic light absorption by including the steric and electronic factors. The presence of sp3-C (out of plane) and N-alkyl (in plane) groups played an important role in modulating the assembly the dyes on the TiO2 electrode, cis-squaraine unit helps to extend the conjugation in the NIR region besides enhancing the visible transition and the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) profile showed the importance of anchoring groups for the panchromatic response. Dye PSQ10 showed solar-to-electric conversion with an onset of 850 nm with the device performance of 7.0% (Voc = 0.581 V, Jsc = 17.06 mA/cm2, FF = 70 %).
关键词： cis-Squaraine dyes,panchromatic response,dye-sensitized solar cells,extended far-red absorption,dye aggregation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Acid mediated tunability of stimulated laser emission from dye doped chiral microdroplets
摘要： In the last decade, the possibility to use liquid crystal droplets as optical micro-cavities and lasers has attracted much attention since it paves the way for many applications in the field of sensors or tunable photonics. Several techniques can be used to obtain small micro-resonators as, for example, dispersing a cholesteric liquid crystal inside an immiscible isotropic fluid to create an emulsion. Since liquid crystals are extremely sensitive to external factors as temperature or external fields, laser tuning can be easily achieved. Here, we report on the possibility to tune the laser emission from dye doped cholesteric liquid crystals microdroplets dispersed in a glycerol matrix in presence of nitric acid molecules in the emulsion. Using a fluorescent dye with pH dependent optical properties, the emitted laser wavelength can be tuned in a range of 60 nm. This effect could find applications for the development of spectroscopy based sensors.
关键词： Microdroplets,dyes,cholesteric liquid crystals,laser tuning,solvatochromism
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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AIP Conference Proceedings [AIP Publishing RECENT TRENDS IN PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS - Vellore, India (13–15 December 2018)] RECENT TRENDS IN PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS - Non-linear optical properties of carbazole based dyes modified with diverse spacer units for dye-sensitized solar cells: A first principle study
摘要： Density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations were performed for evaluating the photophysical and photochemical properties of a sequence of carbazole based metal-free organic dyes modified using different π-conjugation spacer units, such as thiopine, pyrrole, furan, thiazole and isoxazole. Moreover, the modified dyes were subjected to investigation towards their non-linear optical (NLO) features. The results revealed that dipole moment (μ), static polarizability (α), anisotropic polarizability (?α) and hyperpolarizability (first order (β) and second order (γ)) of modified dyes are considerably enhanced as a consequence of changing the spacer unit. Likewise, light harvesting efficiency and oscillator strength of the modified dyes are enhanced upon wavelength of absorption is red-shifted by influence of spacer moieties. We believe that our calculations provide a more profound physical perception on structural property relationship for carbazole based dyes and give a hint to create potential sensitizers for opto-electronic and dye-sensitized solar cell applications.
关键词： dyes,DFT,carbazole,TDDFT,non-linear optical properties,dye-sensitized solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Dihydrophenazine‐based double‐anchoring dye for dye‐sensitized solar cells
摘要： A novel dihydrophenazine-based organic di-anchoring dye DK-11 was synthesized by utilizing a simple synthetic protocol. The dye was characterized by optical and electrochemical studies and used as a sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cell. The proposed butterfly structure was supported by IR experiments which ensured the binding of both carboxylic acid units on the semiconductor surface. Using the dye DK-11, the device generated an efficiency of 5.07% with JSC, VOC, and FF values of 10.65 mA/cm2, 0.67 V, and 0.71, respectively.
关键词： donor-acceptor dyes,dye-TiO2 binding,molecular geometry,di-anchoring dyes,dye-sensitized solar cells
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Robust, Scalable Synthesis of the Bulky Hagfeldt Donor for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
摘要： The bulky triarylamine group commonly referred to as the “Hagfeldt donor” is a key building block found in many of the organic dyes used in dye-sensitized applications such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). This building block has gained popularity owing to its presence in many of the best-performing DSC devices reported to date, which use dyes containing this donor group. The Hagfeldt donor provides a desirable 3-dimensional structure that aids in surface protection of electrons injected into the semiconductor from oxidants in the electrolyte, allowing for record-setting cobalt- and copper-based redox shuttles to be utilized more frequently. However, the synthesis of this molecule has proven unreliable for many routes. This study concerns a novel, reliable and scalable five-step synthesis of the Hagfeldt donor.
关键词： dyes,amines,redox shuttles,Hagfeldt donor,solar cells
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Potential of plant‐based photosensitizers in dye‐sensitized solar cell applications
摘要： In this work, the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has been investigated using the extracts from Murraya koenigii, Plectranthus amboinicus, and Coriandrum sativum. The DSSCs were assembled with the extracts, titanium dioxide as the working electrode, iodide/tri-iodide (I3?/I?) as redox couple, and platinum as the counter electrode and their photovoltaic performances were compared. The crude chlorophyll photosensitizer extracted from Plectranthus amboinicus exhibited an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 637 mV, a short-circuit current density of 0.99 mA/cm2, a fill factor of 0.63, and an energy conversion efficiency of 0.46%. The present results were much higher than the previously reported results by our group.
关键词： photo-sensitizers,fabrication,chlorophyll,clean energy,natural dyes,solar cells
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Molecular Engineering of Simple Metal‐Free Organic Dyes Derived from Triphenylamine for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell Applications
摘要： Two new metal-free organic sensitizers, L156 and L224, were designed, synthesized, and characterized for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The structures of the dyes contain a triphenylamine (TPA) segment and 4-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl)benzoic acid as electron-rich and -deficient moieties, respectively. Two different π bridges, thiophene and 4,8-bis(4-hexylphenyl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene, were used for L156 and L224, respectively. The influence of iodide/triiodide, [Co(bpy)3]2+/3+ (bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine), and [Cu(tmby)2]2+/+ (tmby = 4,4’,6,6’-tetramethyl-2,2’-bipyridine) complexes as redox electrolytes and 18 NR-T and 30 NR-D transparent TiO2 films on the DSC device performance was investigated. The L156-based DSC with [Cu(tmby)2]2+/+ complexes as the redox electrolyte resulted in the best performance of 9.26 % and a remarkably high open-circuit voltage value of 1.1 V (1.096 V), with a short-circuit current of 12.2 mA cm?2 and a fill factor of 0.692, by using 30 NR-D TiO2 films. An efficiency of up to 21.9 % was achieved under a 1000 lx indoor light source, which proved that dye L156 was also an excellent candidate for indoor applications. The maximal monochromatic incident-photon-to-current conversion efficiency of L156–30 NR-D reached up to 70 %.
关键词： electrochemistry,donor–acceptor systems,dyes/pigments,sensitizers,solar cells
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04