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[IEEE IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Valencia (2018.7.22-2018.7.27)] IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Capabilities of Lidar- and Satellite Data in Assessing the Drivers of Avian Diversity in a Fragmented Landscape
摘要： In modern landscapes, small habitat patches such as woodlands isolated in an agricultural matrix, can be important refuges for wildlife. However, their value as habitat may be compromised by their size and thus knowledge of how habitat structure influences habitat quality is vital to maximize species diversity. This study examined the factors driving avian diversity in four small woods in an agricultural landscape, and how accurately remote sensing (RS) metrics were able to quantify this. Linear mixed-effect models were used to combine annual breeding bird census data with data of habitat structure from satellite images and airborne lidar. The aims were firstly to examine the drivers of bird diversity, and secondly to reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the compared RS datasets in quantifying them. The results showed that, at first, bird diversity increased significantly towards the edges, being driven in part by vegetation structure. The amount of understorey vegetation was the most significant driver of diversity, due to which lidar-based models outperformed satellite-based ones. In general, lidar metrics correlated strongly with bird diversity, but such relationships were not discovered with satellite image metrics. The results indicate that the drivers of diversity, especially in fragmented woodlands may be too fine-scaled to be studied without sufficient consideration of the structural component of vegetation, which was proven to be attainable from lidar data.
关键词： habitat,fragmentation,lidar,bird diversity,satellite,landscape ecology
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Advances in Microclimate Ecology Arising from Remote Sensing
摘要： Microclimates at the land–air interface affect the physiological functioning of organisms which, in turn, influences the structure, composition, and functioning of ecosystems. We review how remote sensing technologies that deliver detailed data about the structure and thermal composition of environments are improving the assessment of microclimate over space and time. Mapping landscape-level heterogeneity of microclimate advances our ability to study how organisms respond to climate variation, which has important implications for understanding climate-change impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems. Interpolating microclimate measurements and downscaling macroclimate provides an organism-centered perspective for studying climate–species interactions and species distribution dynamics. We envisage that mapping of microclimate will soon become commonplace, enabling more reliable predictions of species and ecosystem responses to global change.
关键词： microclimate,ecology,vegetation structure,climate change,remote sensing,biodiversity,thermal imaging,LiDAR
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Governing the Fix: Energy Regimes, Accumulation Dynamics, and Land Use Changes in Japana??s Solar Photovoltaic Boom
摘要： This article examines the role of recent reforms to Japan’s energy governance regime in stimulating fixed capital investments in solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and analyzes the investment trends and land use changes that are emerging as a result. Following the March 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, the Japanese government passed a feed-in tariff (FIT) to incentivize renewable energy production, followed by the liberalization of the small-scale retail power market. Although recent geographical scholarship suggests that fixed capital investments in renewable energy might function as a socioecological fix for capital accumulation, analyzing these reforms through the lens of institutional political economy reveals a crucial limitation facing investors seeking renewed accumulation through a socioecological fix: The state, as the extraeconomic agent charged with sustaining accumulation at the national scale, maintains the capacity to shape conditions of profitability in the electric power sector. Additionally, this article offers a typology of investment patterns and land use changes that have resulted from the growing market in renewables. The guaranteed return on investment offered by the FIT has stimulated demand for space to site solar projects. This demand, coupled with Japan’s strict farmland protections, has led investors to pursue projects in novel configurations that challenge established assumptions about power density and the land demands of solar PV. By bringing the insights of Marxian state theory to bear on the political ecology of fixed infrastructure, this article contributes an empirical analysis of the political ecological dimensions of state action in governing renewable energy transitions.
关键词： socioecological fix,political ecology,renewable energy,state theory,energy transitions
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Photoresponses in the radiolar eyes of the fan worm <i>A</i> <i>cromegalomma vesiculosum</i>
摘要： Fan worms (Annelida: Sabellidae) possess compound eyes and other photoreceptors on their radiolar feeding tentacles. These eyes putatively serve as an alarm system that alerts the worm to encroaching threats, eliciting a rapid defensive retraction into their protective tube. The structure and independent evolutionary derivation of these radiolar eyes make them a fascinating target for exploring the emergence of new sensory systems and visually guided behaviours. However, little is known about their physiology and how this impacts their function. Here, we present electroretinogram recordings from the radiolar eyes of the fan worm Acromegalomma vesiculosum. We examine their spectral sensitivity along with their dynamic range and temporal resolution. Our results show that they possess one class of photoreceptors with a single visual pigment peaking in the blue–green part of the spectrum around 510 nm, which matches the dominant wavelengths in their shallow coastal habitats. We found the eyes to have a rather high temporal resolution with a critical flicker fusion frequency around 35 Hz. The high temporal resolution of this response is ideally suited for detecting rapidly moving predators but also necessitates downstream signal processing to filter out caustic wave flicker. This study provides a fundamental understanding of how these eyes function. Furthermore, these findings emphasise a set of dynamic physiological principles that are well suited for governing a multi-eyed startle response in coastal aquatic habitats.
关键词： Electroretinogram,Sabellidae,Visual ecology,Polychaete,Vision,Spectral sensitivity
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Identification of cement in atmospheric particulate matter using the hybrid method of laser diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy
摘要： The production of cement is associated with the emissions of dust and particulate matter, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), heavy metals, and volatile organic compounds into the environment. People living near cement production facilities are potentially exposed to these pollutants, including carcinogens, although at lower doses than the factory workers. In this study we focused on the distribution of fine particulate matter, the composition, size patterns, and spatial distribution of the emissions from Spassk cement plant in Primorsky Krai, Russian Federation. The particulate matter was studied in wash-out from vegetation (conifer needles) using a hybrid method of laser diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that fine particulate matter (PM10 fraction) extended to the entire town and its neighbourhood. The percentage of PM10 in different areas of the town and over the course of two seasons ranged from 34.8% to 65% relative to other size fractions of particulate matter. It was further shown that up to 80% of the atmospheric PM content at some sampling points was composed of cement-containing particles. This links the cement production in Spassk-Dalny with overall morbidity of the town population and pollution of the environment.
关键词： Laser diffraction analysis,Atmospheric particulate matter,Ecology,Environmental chemistry,Environmental science,Atmospheric science,Environmental pollution,Raman spectroscopy,PM10
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Valencia, Spain (2018.7.22-2018.7.27)] IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Assessing the Ecological Value of Grasslands from Sentinel 2: A Case Study in Flanders
摘要： Grasslands are of great ecological importance in Western Europe, mainly because they harbor a wide variety of (endangered) fauna and flora. However, not all grasslands are equally valuable. All grasslands in Flanders can be assigned to one of six ‘restoration phases’ of increasing ecological value. In this paper, we assessed how well these different phases can be distinguished from an intra-seasonal time series of Sentinel 2 satellite images. We found that the phases at the low and high extremes are very distinctive in the spectro-temporal domain of our Sentinel 2 acquisitions. The intermediate phases however are more similar spectrally, making them more difficult to discern. Most phases can however be separated at minimum one acquisition date. This is an encouraging result as we aim at developing a monitoring system for grassland restoration at the parcel scale.
关键词： grassland restoration,spectro-temporal separability,ecology,Sentinel 2
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Valencia, Spain (2018.7.22-2018.7.27)] IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Predicting Landscapes as Seen from Space from Environmental Conditions
摘要： Satellite images are information rich snapshots of ecosystems and landscapes. In consequence, the features in the images strongly depend on the environmental conditions. Such dependency between climate and landscapes has been regarded since the beginning of earth sciences; however, it has never been taken as literally as in the present study. We adapted a deep learning generative model as a first demonstration of the potential behind deep learning for spatial pattern generation in geoscience. The purpose is to build a conditional Generative Adversarial Network (cGAN) useful to establish the relationship between two loosely linked set of variables that show multitude of complex spatial features such as climate conditions to aerial image. We trained a custom cGAN to generate Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery given a set of climatic and terrain predictors. Results show that the generated imagery shares many characteristics with the real one. In some cases, the quality of the generated imagery is high enough to deceive humans. We envision that such use of deep learning for geoscience could become an important tool to test the effects of climate on landscapes and ecosystems.
关键词： GAN,climate,deep learning,satellite imagery,Sentinel 2,landscape ecology
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Abrupt Change in Forest Height along a Tropical Elevation Gradient Detected Using Airborne Lidar
摘要： Most research on vegetation in mountain ranges focuses on elevation gradients as climate gradients, but elevation gradients are also the result of geological processes that build and deconstruct mountains. Recent ?ndings from the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico, have raised questions about whether erosion rates that vary due to past tectonic events and are spatially patterned in relation to elevation may drive vegetation patterns along elevation gradients. Here we use airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology to observe forest height over the Luquillo Mountain Range. We show that models with different functional forms for the two prominent bedrock types best describe the forest height-elevation patterns. On one bedrock type there are abrupt decreases in forest height with elevation approximated by a sigmoidal function, with the in?ection point near the elevation of where other studies have shown there to be a sharp change in erosion rates triggered by a tectonic uplift event that began approximately 4.2 My ago. Our ?ndings are consistent with broad geologically mediated vegetation patterns along the elevation gradient, consistent with a role for mountain building and deconstructing processes.
关键词： long-term ecological research,geology,critical zone observatory,three-dimensional structure,vegetation,10Be,erosion,active remote sensing,tectonics,ecology
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46