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Battery-assisted low-cost hydrogen production from solar energy: Rational target setting for future technology systems
摘要： The massive implementation of renewable energy requires sophisticated assessments considering the combination of feasible technology options. In this study, a techno-economic analysis was conducted for hydrogen production from photovoltaic power generation (PV) utilizing a battery-assisted electrolyzer. The installed capacity of each component technology was optimized for the wide range of unit costs of electricity from the PV, battery, and proton-exchange membrane electrolyzer. Leveling of PV output by battery, the necessary capacity of electrolyzer is suppressed and the operating ratio of electrolyzer increases. The battery-assist will result in a lower hydrogen production cost when the benefit associated with the smaller capacity and higher operation ratio of the electrolyzer exceeds the necessary investment for battery installation. The results from this study indicated the cost of hydrogen as low as 17 to 27 JPY/Nm3 using a combination of technologies and the achievement of ambitious individual cost targets for batteries, PV, and electrolyzers.
关键词： Techno-economic analysis,Technology roadmap,Off-grid production,Proton-exchange membrane electrolyzer
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Design and analysis of a multigeneration system with concentrating photovoltaic thermal (CPV/T) and hydrogen storage
摘要： Concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) is an auspicious technology to overcome the high cost problem of highly efficient multi-junction solar cells. However, due to huge concentration of light energy, high heat flux dissipation from a confined space is a challenge. The proposed system here is first of its type to apply and thermodynamically analyze the Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer (NBHT) for thermal management of CPV. In order to increase overall efficiency of CPV system, a multigeneration system using concentrated photovoltaic thermal (CPV/T) and hydrogen storage is designed and thermodynamically analyzed to fulfill electricity, hot and cold water, heating ventilation and cooling (HVAC) requirement of a residential community with continuous operation. A part of the generated electricity from CPV is used to power the electrolyzer to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The produced gases are stored, and reused by proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) to fulfill the system's electrical energy requirement during night time and unfavourable energy conditions in day time. The resultant thermal energy from CPV/T is used for the heating, hot water and cooling requirement of the buildings by employing lithium bromide absorption chiller (AbC). A humidity harvesting system is connected, at the outlet of the absorption chiller, to convert humid air into water and ventilation air requirement of the building. The designed system performs at 67.52% overall energy efficiency, 34.89% of overall exergy efficiency and up to 1862 times concentration ratio at designed steady-state conditions. The results show that with an increase in boiling temperature of NBHT from 353 K to 373 K, the maximum concentration ratio ability increases significantly from 1392 to 2400 times due to increase in critical heat flux, while the electrical efficiency of the CPV system decreases from 28.65% to 27.09% because of increase in cell temperature. To verify the performance of the designed system for different locations, operating conditions and capacities, the effects of Direct Normal Irradiance (IDNI), ambient temperature, relative humidity ratio and the installed capacity are also analyzed by the parametric studies.
关键词： Concentrated photovoltaics,Multigeneration system,Hydrogen storage,Exergy,Solar photovoltaics/thermal system,Electrolyzer and fuel cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Analysis of power efficient compressor with fuzzy logic MPPT-based PV/FC system
摘要： In this paper, a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/fuel cell (FC) power generation system is considered, where the hydrogen generated by the electrolysis process is used for subsequent FC operation. A novel induction motor-based compressor is proposed to boost up the pressure of hydrogen, and hence to improve the performance of the FC system. A fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system is designed for the considered PV system. Finally, a coordinated control scheme is applied for controlling the power supplied to the load by integrating both the sources. The complete model is realised in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to verify the developed model. The performance of the complete system is found satisfactory under different conditions.
关键词： electrolyzer system,coordinated control,fuzzy logic-based MPPT,hydrogen generation,solar PV system
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Solar hydrogen production via alkaline water electrolysis
摘要： Electricity generation via direct conversion of solar energy with zero carbon dioxide emission is essential from the aspect of energy supply security as well as from the aspect of environmental protection. Therefore, this paper presents a system for hydrogen production via water electrolysis using a 960 Wp solar power plant. The results obtained from the monitoring of photovoltaic modules mounted in pairs on a fixed, a single-axis and a dual-axis solar tracker were examined to determine if there is a possibility to couple them with an electrolyzer. Energy performance of each photovoltaic system was recorded and analyzed during a period of one year, and the data were monitored on an online software service. Estimated parameters, such as monthly solar irradiance, solar electricity production, optimal angle, monthly ambient temperature, and capacity factor were compared to the observed data. In order to get energy efficiency as high as possible, a novel alkaline electrolyzer of bipolar design was constructed. Its design and operating UI characteristic are described. The operating UI characteristics of photovoltaic modules were tuned to the electrolyzer operating UI characteristic to maximize production. The calculated hydrogen rate of production was 1.138 g per hour. During the study the system produced 1.234 MWh of energy, with calculated of 1.31 MWh, which could power 122 houses, and has offset 906 kg of carbon or an equivalent of 23 trees.
关键词： Solar tracker,Solar energy,Photovoltaic module,Hydrogen,Alkaline electrolyzer,Water electrolysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Design and analysis of a hybrid concentrated photovoltaic thermal system integrated with an organic Rankine cycle for hydrogen production
摘要： Solar is one of the most promising energy sources because of the abundance of solar radiation in certain parts of the world. One of the main limiting factors of using traditional photovoltaic cells is that they require a lot of space to generate a significant amount of power. The alternative method, the concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) module, does not utilize the infrared part of the spectrum; thus, the concentrated photovoltaic thermal (CPVT) module was developed. In this paper, the design of a CPVT system coupling with an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is analyzed where the CPVT thermal receiver acts as a heat exchanger in ORC to generate additional electrical power. The generated power by hybrid CPVT–ORC system is converted to hydrogen by an electrolysis system to store power. The performance of hydrogen production system using an integrated CPVT–ORC power generation system is analytically evaluated, and the results of the modeling and analyses are presented, involving assessments of the influence of varying several design parameters on the rate of hydrogen production. The CPVT and ORC together produce up to 1152 W of electricity under 160 suns solar concentration. When all the electricity is supplied to an electrolyzer, 0.1587 kg of 99.99% pure hydrogen is produced and stored for future use in a fuel cell. The electrolyzer operates at up to 57% efficiency and has an average performance of 725.5 kWh kg?1. The results revealed that coupling ORC to the CPVT enables the system to improve the electrical power generation and consequently diurnal hydrogen production increases up to 30%.
关键词： Concentrated photovoltaic thermal (CPVT),Electrolyzer,Solar energy,Hydrogen,Organic Rankine cycle (ORC)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Exergy and economic analyses of a novel hybrid structure for simultaneous production of liquid hydrogen and carbon dioxide using photovoltaic and electrolyzer systems
摘要： Power-to-X technology that converts renewable electricity to chemicals and liquid fuels will be a key component of the energy turnaround. However, for a successful transition toward fossil-free energy alternatives, serious issues associated with renewable energy storage have to be addressed. Here, we report an innovative power-to-liquid hydrogen and carbon dioxide plant. The proposed integrated plant is composed of five subsystems: power generation using grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) subsystem, hydrogen and oxygen gas production using an electrolyzer, oxyfuel power plant for power and heat generation, carbon dioxide liquefaction using an absorption–compression refrigeration subsystem, and a hydrogen liquefaction subsystem. This hybrid structure produces 3.359 (cid:1)(cid:2)/(cid:4) (~300 ton/day) liquid hydrogen and 10.04 (cid:1)(cid:2)/(cid:4) liquid carbon dioxide. The total exergy efficiency and specific energy consumption of the hydrogen liquefaction system are 94.87% and 3.368 (cid:1)(cid:6)?/(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:8)(cid:9)(cid:10), respectively. Exergy analysis of this integrated structure shows that the largest contribution of exergy destruction (30.58%) is associated with the photovoltaic system and the lowest exergy efficiency (25.28%) belongs to the Turbine in an oxy-fuel subsystem where it, interestingly produces over 70% of the total energy consumption of the plant. Furthermore, the economic analysis of the plant indicates that the time required for the return of capital is 4.794 years, where the prime price of the product and the value added are 0.1921 (cid:11)(cid:12)$/(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:8)(cid:9)(cid:10) and 0.5433 (cid:11)(cid:12)$/(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:8)(cid:9)(cid:10), respectively. This work can certainly provide a new approach to producing liquid hydrogen and carbon dioxide for long-distance transportation and CO2 reduction using solar as the renewable energy source.
关键词： Oxyfuel power plant,Renewable energy,Photovoltaic,Electrolyzer,Thermo-Economic,Liquid hydrogen,Absorption–compression refrigeration
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Optimization strategy for high efficiency 20?kW-class direct coupled photovoltaic-electrolyzer system based on experiment data
摘要： For the first time worldwide, the PEM electrolyzer directly coupled with the up-to-20 kW PV panels to produce hydrogen is reported as a demonstration of a high solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency CO2-free hydrogen-production system. With the direct-coupling configuration, the power loss on an interlink DC/DC converter and its cost are avoided as known. Since the maximum power point (MPP) of PV unit is fluctuated by the fluctuating irradiance, this MPP is tracked by changing the number of the electrolyzer cell controlled by the MPPT algorithm, which allows changing the PV operating voltage. In our system, the averaged PV efficiency is 17.2%, and the electrolysis efficiency is 86.5% in a whole-day test. Thus, the STH efficiency is 14.9%. The hydrogen generation capacity of 18.6 Nm3 (5.01 kg CO2 reduction) is demonstrated in that whole-day test. Besides, the method to make the simulation model of the system from on-site data is shown. As a result, neither the preliminary test nor off-site test is needed. Therefore, this method can be used to check the condition of the entire system and each component in long-term operation which has never been found in the literature. The simulated model can also be used to investigate the PV-electrolyzer system.
关键词： Direct coupling,MPPT,Water electrolyzer model,Photovoltaic model,Hydrogen producing
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Techno-economic uncertainty quantification and robust design optimization of a directly coupled photovoltaic-electrolyzer system
摘要： To solve the problem of large time shifts between renewable energy supply and user demand, power-to-H2 is a well-known option. In this framework, previous studies have shown that the direct coupling of a photovoltaic array with an electrolyzer stack is a viable solution. However, these studies assumed perfectly known operating parameters to optimize the setup. Moreover, they focused on maximizing hydrogen and minimizing the energy loss, while the cost was not addressed. We have performed an optimization including uncertainty quantification (i.e. surrogate-assisted robust design optimization) for several locations with the Levelized Cost Of Hydrogen (LCOH) as objective. This paper provides the least sensitive design to uncertainties and shows which parameters are most affecting the variability of the LCOH for that design. The robust design optimization illustrates that the mean and standard deviation of the LCOH are non-conflicting objectives for the robust designs of all considered locations. The optimal robust design is established at the considered location with the highest average yearly solar irradiance, achieving a mean LCOH of 6.6 €/kg and a standard deviation of 0.72 €/kg. The discount rate uncertainty is the main contributor to the LCOH variation. Therefore, installing a PV-electrolyzer system in locations with a high average yearly solar irradiation is favorable for both the LCOH mean and standard deviation, while de-risking the technology has the highest impact on further reducing the LCOH variation. Future works will focus on including accurate probability distributions and adding batteries to the system.
关键词： Levelized cost of hydrogen,Photovoltaic-electrolyzer system,Uncertainty quantification,Robust design optimization
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 Electric Vehicles International Conference (EV) - Bucharest, Romania (2019.10.3-2019.10.4)] 2019 Electric Vehicles International Conference (EV) - Modelisation of Hydrogen Production using Photovoltaic Electrolysis
摘要： The Electric Vehicle (EV) technology addresses the issue of the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Normally, EVs are recharged with electricity generated from conventional energy sources. For full clean mobility and to have zero emissions and favorable environmental impact, it is better to charge the vehicles from Renewable Energies Systems (RESs). Using RESs for producing hydrogen is a main method to store RESs. This option is required to integrate energy storage system based on hydrogen storage. Hydrogen can be produced by using solar photovoltaic energy for the electrolysis of water. This paper focuses on the Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer (PEME) and covers a board array of subjects linked to this electrolyzer. Gives a control oriented modeling of the PEME, as well as the auxiliary system for the hydrogen production process. In fact, PEME is the most suitable for transforming electricity from RESs. In this context, the present paper describes the essential steps of hydrogen production from the photovoltaic solar energy through PEME, in order to describe the various phenomena related to this technology.
关键词： Modeling and optimization,Hydrogen storage,PEM electrolyzer,Electric vehicle
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Techno-economic study of off-grid hybrid photovoltaic/battery and photovoltaic/battery/fuel cell power systems in Kunming, China
摘要： The objective of this study is to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of stand-alone hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/battery and PV/battery/fuel cell (FC) power systems for a community center comprising 100 households in Kunming by using the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software. HOMER is used to define the optimum sizing and techno-economic feasibility of the system equipment based on the geographical and meteorological data of the study region. In this study, different hybrid power systems are analyzed to select the optimum energy system while considering total net present cost (NPC) and levelized cost of energy (COE). The results showed that the optimal hybrid PV/battery system comprised 500 kW PV modules, 1200 7.6-kWh battery units, and 500 kW power converters. The proposed system has an initial cost of $6,670,000, an annual operating cost of $82,763/yr, a total NPC of $7,727,992, and a levelized COE of $1.536/kWh. While the PV/battery/FC power system is possible, the cost increases were due to the investment cost of the FC system. The optimal PV/battery/FC system has an initial cost of $6,763,000, an annual operating cost of $82,312/yr, a total NPC of $7,815,223, and a levelized COE of $1.553/kWh.
关键词： electrolyzer,levelized cost of energy,hydrogen,Hybrid power system,total net present cost,fuel cell,solar energy
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36