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Supplemental intracanopy far-red radiation to red LED light improves fruit quality attributes of greenhouse tomatoes
摘要： Off-season greenhouse tomatoes have a poor reputation relative to their in-season, field-grown counterparts. Previously, we reported that supplemental intracanopy far-red (700–800 nm, FR) radiation in addition to red (600–700 nm, R) light with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) significantly decreased fruit water content compared to R LEDs alone and high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps, the most common supplemental lighting used in commercial greenhouses. We hypothesize that supplemental R + FR LEDs during production improves fruit quality attributes (i.e., physicochemical properties, mineral concentrations, and sensory properties) in greenhouse tomatoes compared to R LEDs and HPS lamps. Both intracanopy LED lights increased fruit yield and biomass compared to HPS lamps. R LEDs increased dry matter ratio and improved overall physicochemical proprieties such as total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and pH; however, R + FR LEDs had more significant effects on all measured attributes than did R LEDs. Similarly, R LEDs increased potassium, magnesium, and calcium content in whole fruit by 30, 74, and 40% compared to HPS lamps, and the addition of FR to R LEDs further increased sodium (Na) content and concentration. Consumer sensory panelists rated higher for sensory attributes (aroma, sweetness, acidity, and texture) of R + FR LED-supplemented tomatoes on a hedonic scale compared to R LED-supplemented ones. Importantly, HPS lamp-supplemented tomatoes had the least desirable quality attributes even when compared at the same ripe stage as LED-supplemented ones. Energy use efficiency (EUE) was not different between R + FR LEDs and R LEDs, which was 5 times higher than that of HPS lamps. Our results demonstrate for the first time that fruit quality attributes of greenhouse tomatoes can be improved by supplemental intracanopy lighting with R + FR LEDs to a degree that consumer panelists could perceive the differences. Therefore, we conclude that supplemental R + FR LEDs is indispensable for improving fruit quality of greenhouse tomatoes during off-season production.
关键词： Sensory evaluation,Electricity consumption,Hydroponics,Mineral nutrients,Solanum lycopersicum,Chromaticity,Intracanopy lighting
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Relativistic Evaluation Models of Laser Time Transfer between Satellites Resulting from Orbit Perturbations and Attitude Jitters
摘要： The realization of picosecond level laser time transfer between satellites plays a key role in microgravity scientific missions, such as gravitational wave detection, next generation GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), deep space exploration, testing general relativity and searching for dark matter. In picosecond or higher level, a deep insight of relativistic error of laser time transfer between satellites induced by orbit perturbations and attitude jitters is urgently needed, which contributes to the compensation of relativistic error. Firstly, this paper points out the problem of orbit perturbations and attitude jitters. Then, the relativistic evaluation models of one-way laser time transfer and two-way laser time transfer resulting from orbit perturbations and attitude jitters are investigated. The relativistic evaluation models are proposed with incorporation of attitude dynamics and orbit dynamics of satellites, as well as relativistic models of one-way laser time transfer and two-way laser time transfer. Simulation studies are carried out to analyze the effect of orbit perturbations and attitude jitters on the relativistic error. Simulation results show that the relativistic error induced by orbit perturbations increases with time and the relativistic error induced by attitude jitters displays periodic variation. Furthermore, the relativistic error of two-way laser time transfer is less than one-way laser time transfer.
关键词： Laser time transfer,Relativistic evaluation models,Gravitational wave detection,Orbit perturbations,Attitude jitters
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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AIP Conference Proceedings [AIP Publishing 2019 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREEN POWER, MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS (GPMMTA 2019) - Taiyuan, China (21–22 September 2019)] 2019 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREEN POWER, MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS (GPMMTA 2019) - A comprehensive evaluation method on operation quality of power backbone optical communication network based on improved TOPSIS
摘要： To efficiently meet the requirements of running quality evaluation and maintenance of Power Electric Communication Network, based on the improved method of TOPSIS, this paper provides the method of comprehensive evaluation on running quality of Power Electric Communication Network. Firstly, this paper analyses the main reasons infecting running quality of Power Electric Communication Network and constructs corresponding indexes system. Then, the traditional method and characters of TOPSIS are instructed, improved by importing the method of RSR. Finally, Taking Sichuan backbone optical communication network as the case to implement the proposed evaluation method, the results provide the running information of all sub-networks, displaying that absolutely value and balanced degree both influence the running situation of communication network, what’s more, with different grades, relevant departments can fulfill differentiation management and scientific strategy.
关键词： Power Electric Communication Network,TOPSIS method,comprehensive evaluation,operation quality
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Techniques in Control, Optimization and Signal Processing (INCOS) - Tamilnadu, India (2019.4.11-2019.4.13)] 2019 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Techniques in Control, Optimization and Signal Processing (INCOS) - Hardware and Software Co-emulation Technique based Solar Photovoltaic Sources Emulator
摘要： Photo-Voltaic (PV) Emulator plays a key role in performance evaluation of the PV based energy conversion systems, which is challenging and time-consuming task under varying environmental conditions. This paper presents a hardware and software co-emulation technique based Solar Photo-Voltaic Module Emulator (SPVME) to emulate solar PV Sources. The mathematical model of solar PV module developed in Multisim works as a reference to emulate the solar PV module characteristics. A Programmable DC power supply is employed to replicate the emulated PV module characteristics behavior. LabVIEW software is used to integrate the solar PV module developed in Multisim with the programmable DC power supply. The proposed SPVME system can be used for performance analysis of PV sources like PV module, string and array. The prototype of the proposed SPVME is analyzed with 60 W PV module under varying irradiation and the output result exhibits the accuracy of the developed SPVME prototype.
关键词： Hardware and Software Co-emulation,Performance Evaluation,Single Diode Solar PV cell model,Solar Photovoltaic Module Emulator (SPVME)
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Modeling the Impact of High Energy Laser Weapon on the Mission Effectiveness of Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles
摘要： With the rapid development of high energy laser weapons (HELWs), the integration of HELW on unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) has become a hot research topic. To study the impact of HELW on UCAV mission effectiveness, this paper proposes a 4-level design framework based on the system-of-system (SoS) oriented design. To validate the framework, the impact of HELW is analyzed in four aspects: the strike capability, the stealth performance, the vulnerability, and the defense capability, where the UCAV design constrains are noted. Simulation experiments of penetration scenario are carried out using agent-based modeling and simulation. The simulation results show that the integration of HELW can increase the survivability and mission effectiveness rate (MER) of the UCAV, especially for UCAVs with high speed and stealth performance. But the MER of the UCAV does not increase with the increase of HELW output power in most cases, indicating the importance of balancing the HELW and UCAV performances in concept design.
关键词： mission effectiveness evaluation,system-of-systems oriented design,agent-based modeling and simulation,High energy laser,unmanned combat aerial vehicle
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG) - Xi'an, China (2019.6.3-2019.6.6)] 2019 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG) - Reliability Evaluation of Photovoltaic Power Generation System Based on Fuzzy Layering Method
摘要： The analysis process of the overall reliability evaluation model of the traditional photovoltaic power generation system is complicated, and the shortcomings of the system weak link cannot be analyzed. This paper proposes a fuzzy hierarchical evaluation method based on sensitivity analysis to evaluate the reliability of photovoltaic power generation systems. The method judges the whole system failure factor by introducing the fault frequency, the degree of fault impact, and the second evaluation criterion of the fault detection difficulty. In particular, the Monte Carlo-based component sensitivity analysis method is used to calculate the degree of fault impact. Finally, the method of this paper is used to analyze a photovoltaic power generation system. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the overall reliability analysis and the evaluation of fault factors. It is proved that the method is of great significance for analyzing the reliability of the photovoltaic system and the weak link of the system.
关键词： photovoltaic power generation system,sensitivity analysis,Monte Carlo,fuzzy layering evaluation method
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Evaluation and optimisation of the SSAIL method for laser-assisted selective electroless copper deposition on dielectrics
摘要： Formation of electrical circuit traces on 3D shaped dielectrics is one of the biggest challenges in 3D Microscopic Integrated Devices (3D-MID). We have developed a new method called “Selective Surface Activation Induced by a Laser” (SSAIL), which is a promising technology for solving emerged production issues for electrical conductors on polymers. SSAIL contains 3 main steps: laser modification of the dielectric surface, chemical activation of the modified areas and electroless plating of the activated parts. In this paper, the route and results on optimisation of the SSAIL process by evaluating properties of the final metal-plated traces are provided. A special validation method of the technology based on the quality and reliability of the plating has been proposed. The sheet resistance, adhesion strength to the substrate and spatial selectivity of plated copper were used to find the optimal laser processing parameters.
关键词： Selective electroless plating,Laser activation,Moulded interconnect devices,Polymer,Electric circuit,Evaluation and optimisation
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Benchmarking of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Machines
摘要： This paper presents the methodology and results of an extensive benchmarking of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) machines conducted across five top machine producers and two end users. The objective was to understand the influence of the individual machine on the final quality of predesigned specimens, given a specific material and from multiple perspectives, in order to assess the current capabilities and limitations of the technology and compare them with the capabilities of an 11-year-old machine belonging to one of the end users participating in this investigation. The collected results give a clear representation of the status of LPBF technology considering its maturity in terms of process capabilities and potential applications in a production environment.
关键词： laser powder bed fusion,technology evaluation,benchmarking,additive manufacturing,repeatability,selective laser melting,accuracy
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Sustainability evaluation of community-based, solar photovoltaic projects in Malawi
摘要： Background: A novel project sustainability framework is used to evaluate 65 off-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) energy system projects in Malawi. This study addresses PV projects serving rural public facilities, a solution known to have had historical issues with poor sustainability. A recent countrywide program targeting such facilities was evaluated against existing projects to determine whether this latest iteration offered better results. Method: Sustainability is defined at the project-level with metrics justified under the main themes of technical, economic, social, and organizational. Data captured for each project is based on a custom survey and interview of key stakeholders. Projects are grouped according to age, project implementer, income level, and PV system size to compare relative results. Results: The sustainability outlook for each project is evaluated. We find sustainability for most projects to be low. Social sustainability was weak with many projects due to low local community stakeholder engagement in terms of numbers of stakeholders, meeting frequency, and community contributions. Organizational challenges included a lack of key management positions in place and extremely limited training provisions. Furthermore, the evaluation highlights the economic health of the system to be key to sustainability, with the “healthiest” projects affording only 37% of expected operations and maintenance costs. Relative to expected demand, systems were found to be undersized for both panels (53% of required) and batteries (57%). Users reported achieving only 60% of their desired consumption. Poor sizing standards related to the lack of load profiles for first-time electricity users as well as poor quality components reduced the overall technical sustainability. Conclusion: Rural public facilities with solar PV in Malawi are not well served by isolated community management. Improved sustainability requires the establishment of a robust financial framework prior to project development that includes formal local government support. This paper discusses ideal management frameworks and their ultimate implications for project developers, policy makers, and the research community.
关键词： Evaluation,Solar photovoltaics,Sustainability,Indicator frameworks,Rural public facilities,Community energy
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Performance and Empirical Analysis of Photovoltaic Modules Made of Different Technologies Using Capacity Evaluation Method
摘要： Performance of 5 photovoltaic (PV) modules made of different technologies (monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, copper indium selenide and heterojunction with intrinsic layer) is evaluated according to the short-term capacity evaluation method described in IEC TS 61724-2 standard. Measurements for the analysis are obtained from the data acquisition system developed by the Laboratory for Renewable Energy Sources at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology (FERIT) Osijek which is described in the paper. Results of the performance analysis according to the IEC TS 61724-2 standard indicate that the copper indium selenide PV module Solar Frontier SF150-S has the greatest performance, therefore it is the most suitable PV module for the micro-location of Osijek, Croatia with European humid continental climate. The lowest performance of all studied PV modules is achieved by polycrystalline silicon PV module Bisol BMU 250. Empirical analysis of the relations of various electrical and meteorological parameters is performed and dependencies are evaluated. In the last section, mathematical models of PV module efficiency in relation to the module temperature are derived based on empirical analysis of measurements.
关键词： photovoltaic module,capacity evaluation method,performance analysis,empirical analysis
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52