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An assessment study of evaporation rate models on a water basin with floating photovoltaic plants
摘要： Under the general topic of the impact of floating photovoltaics (FPVs) systems on water basins, the present study aims to model and analyze the effect of FPVs on the evaporation rate of water surfaces. The estimation of the evaporation of the water surface of a basin is usually calculated using mathematical evaporation models that require knowledge of some parameters (ie, solar radiation, humidity, air temperature, water temperature, and wind velocity). Thus, in the first section of this study, some evaporative models (EVM) for free water basin have been examined to evaluate which are the environmental variables used. On the basis of this analysis, new numerical models for the calculation of the daily evaporation rate have been developed using the design of experiments (DoE) method (three models) and the linear regression method (two models). The results of the developed models have been compared with the experimental measurements carried out by an evaporimeter; such comparison has highlighted the robustness of the proposed numerical models. Moreover, for estimating the evaporation rate in water basins partially covered by FPVs, further three numerical methods are proposed. Finally, the evaporation rates, arising by the installation of different typology of FPVs on water basins, have been evaluated as function of the energy balance on the water surface. It is possible to highlight that the amount of evaporated water depends not only on the percentage of surface covered but also on the characteristics of floating systems. Covering only 30% of the surface of a basin, it is possible to obtain up to 49% reduction in evaporation.
关键词： evaporation rate,linear regression,energy system,DoE methods,renewable energy,floating photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Effect of Si substrate modification on improving the crystalline quality, optical and electrical properties of thermally-evaporated BaSi2 thin-films for solar cell applications
摘要： We have grown orthorhombic barium disilicide (BaSi2) thin-films on modified silicon (Si) substrates by a thermal evaporation method. The surface modification of Si substrate was performed by a metal-assisted chemical etching method. The effects of etching time te on crystalline quality as well as optical and electrical properties of the BaSi2 films were investigated. The obtained results showed that substrate modification can enhance the crystalline quality and electrical properties; reduce the light reflection; and increase the absorption of the BaSi2 thin-films. The te of 8 s was chosen as the optimized condition for surface modification of Si substrate. The achieved inferred short-circuit current density, Hall mobility, and minority carrier lifetime of the BaSi2 film at te of 8 s were 38 mA/cm2, 273 cm2/Vs, and 2.3 μs, respectively. These results confirm that the BaSi2 thin-film evaporated on the modified Si substrate is a promising absorber for thin-film solar cell applications.
关键词： hall mobility,substrate modification,photoresponse,silicide semiconductor,Barium disilicide,minority carrier lifetime,optical property,thermal evaporation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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a??Burning Lampa??-like Robust Molecular Enrichment for Ultrasensitive Plasmonic Nanosensors
摘要： Enriching and locating target analytes into specific “hot spot” are vital for ultrasensitive molecular identification and detection using plasmonic-based techniques. Inspired by mass transportation in lamp wicks, we develop an effective enrichment strategy for highly diluted analytes, in which analytes and Au nanoparticles are transported via solution microflow under the capillarity driving force of glass fiber papers to a heated region. After evaporation, a large volume of solution contained analytes and Au nanoparticles are condensed into a very limited area, and thus, analyte molecules are effectively enriched and located into SERS hot spots. Using this enrichment strategy, the sensitivity and detection limits of SERS are remarkably improved. Detection levels of crystal violet and anthracene are down to 10-16 M and 10-10 M, respectively. This enrichment strategy is very robust and easy to implement, and it can potentially be exploited in various plasmonic-based molecular detection and identification techniques.
关键词： enrichment,ultrasensitive detection,heating evaporation,capillary force,surface enhanced Raman scattering
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Laser-induced photothermal generation of flexible and salt-resistant monolithic bilayer membranes for efficient solar desalination
摘要： Harvesting solar energy and generating steam through solar thermal energy are viable approaches with diverse applications such as power generation, desalination, and water purification. Particularly, for efficient and stable solar desalination, hierarchically porous materials are desired to enable the required multiple functionalities. However, high thermal/chemical energy required and time consumed remain roadblocks. In this study, a facile, fast, and scalable laser-induced photothermal method to achieve flexible monolithic bilayer sheets (MBS) of hierarchically porous graphitic carbon (HPGC) and polymeric foam for use in salt-resistant and flexible solar steam generators is reported. The MBS-based self-floating solar steam generator shows outstanding solar desalination performance with a solar thermal efficiency of 83.2% (1-sun) and a high salt-rejection ratio (99.9%). Efficient solar thermal energy transformation is achieved by the versatile multi-functionalities of the MBS, including broad-spectrum solar light absorption, heat localization, and capillary action. Anisotropic wetting properties of hydrophobic HPGC and hydrophilic polyimide (PI) foam effectively prevent salt accumulation on the HPGC surface. The salt-resistant MBS enable long-term stability for solar desalination with actual seawater. Our laser-based photothermal method has potential in the development of high-performance solar thermal systems with substantial cost reduction by scalable production of multiscale hierarchically structured materials from micro-structured polymers.
关键词： monolithic bilayer structures,solar evaporation,porous polyimide,salt-resistant solar steam generators,self-floating,flexibility,laser-induced graphene
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Formation Of PbSe – ZnO Thin Film Based Heterostructure For Solar Cell Applications
摘要： A new type of excitonic solar cell based on heterojunctions between PbSe semiconducting thin film and thin ZnO film has been fabricated. These solar cells can generate large photocurrents and higher photovoltages compared to Schottky cells assembled with similar nanocrystal films. The n-type and p-type nanomaterials such as ZnO and PbSe were synthesized by sol-gel method. The synthesized nanoparticles were coated over the ITO substrate by thermal evaporation method. The heterojunction thin films were annealed at 400 °C to form a p-n junction. Device performance was analyzed using semiconductor parameter analyzer (SPA) under the bright and dark field illumination. The conductivity was estimated from the sheet resistance value by using Four Probe Method. The material coated over the substrate and its crystallinity was identified by using thin film XRD and the nature of material coated was analyzed by Hall Effect measurement system. The thickness of the film coated over the substrate was determined by cross-section of FESEM analysis. The solar cell performance was carried out by differentiating the I-V characteristics under bright and dark field light illumination.
关键词： Thermal evaporation,Sol-gel,Device performance and Analysis,Solar cell
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Oxidized Nickel films as highly transparent HTLs for inverted planar perovskite solar cells
摘要： Inverted planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with nickel oxide (NiO) as a hole transporting layer were fabricated in an ambient atmosphere. Nickel (Ni) film synthesized at optimized evaporation conditions using low-cost thermal evaporation were transformed from island-like structure to compact porous thin films of NiO after oxidation at 580 ℃. The formation of highly transparent NiO films without any impurity was confirmed from UV–visible spectroscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis. These optically tailored NiO films with island-like morphology conceived minimum absorption to the visible light than that of compact porous thin films. The NiO island-like films coated with single cationic CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite overlayer in ambient conditions via a modified two-step method showed higher hole quenching than the compact porous NiO thin films. PSCs consisting of NiO island-like films showed 39.3% improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE), and 41.4% enhancement in current density (JSC) compared to the compact porous NiO thin films. Overall, the present approach of utilizing optically engineered island-like inorganic films with single cationic CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite overlayer has opened up a novel approach toward the improvement in high-performance optoelectronic devices fabricated at an ambient atmosphere.
关键词： Thermal evaporation,Perovskite solar cells,Islands morphology,PL,NiO,Ambient process
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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AIP Conference Proceedings [AIP Publishing PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES 2019 - Tomsk, Russia (1–5 October 2019)] PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES 2019 - Cutting of aluminum alloys with a Q-switched repetitively pulsed CO2 laser under conditions of intense material evaporation
摘要： The results of an experimental study of laser cutting of aluminum-lithium alloys using a repetitively pulsed CO2 laser with Q-switching under conditions of intense material evaporation are presented. The dependence of cut quality on the assisted gas pressure is determined. It is shown that a high-quality cut with a sheet thickness of 1.5 mm can be obtained at a gas pressure of 0.5–0.6 bar, which is significantly less compared to cutting with a continuous laser power. This makes it possible to reduce the assisted gas consumption. The dependence of cut surface roughness on the pulse repetition rate is measured.
关键词： laser cutting,aluminum-lithium alloys,material evaporation,Q-switched CO2 laser,cut quality,pulse repetition rate,gas pressure
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Optical absorption and dispersion properties of 2-aminoanthracene-9,10- dione thin films for photodetector applications
摘要： Recent evidence suggests that the need for employing a new characteristic with low-cost preparation tools and high performance for applications. These properties have been achieved by using a high stable 2-aminoanthracene-9,10- dione thin films (AAD), prepared by thermal evaporation technique under a vacuum of 10?5 Torr. The surface of the films was checked by SEM for studying the RMS-roughness characteristics and grain – boundary influence. Added to this study, the crystalline performance was also considered as the main requirement for identifying the main crystal parameters. Most important results were focused on TGA results for confirming the thermal stability through the chosen measurements. The investigation of the spectral dependence of the absorption of the AAD films specifies the occurrence of high probability for indirect transition as compared to the direct allowed with energy gaps of 1.55 and 2.28 eV. The dispersion energy and oscillator energy, as well as most parameters, were computed using the well-known Wimple–DiDomenico formula under consideration of the single oscillator model. The spectral dependence of the linear and nonlinear controlling parameters were studied for subscription the prospect applications in photodetectors.
关键词： Thermal evaporation,Phototransient properties,Optical absorption,Thermal stability
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Au-nanorod-clusters patterned optical fiber SERS probes fabricated by laser-induced evaporation self-assembly method
摘要： Optical ?ber surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) probes provide a novel platform for liquid-phase in situ and remote SERS detections. However, it is still a challenge to fabricate noble metal nanostructures with large SERS enhancement factor (EF) onto optical ?ber surfaces. In this article, we successfully prepare Au-nanorod cluster structures on optical ?ber facets by a laboratory-developed laser-induced evaporation self-assembly method. It is demonstrated that the optimized optical ?ber SERS probes show high detection sensitivity (10?10 M for rhodamine 6G solution, and 10?8 M for malachite green or crystal violet solution) and excellent reproducibility (relative standard deviation less than 6%). As the laser-induced evaporation self-assembly method is a simple and low-cost method capable of achieving automatic and reproducible preparations of cluster patterned optical ?ber SERS probes, this work may ?nd important application prospects in various liquid-phase SERS detection areas.
关键词： Au-nanorod clusters,liquid-phase in situ detection,laser-induced evaporation self-assembly,SERS,optical fiber
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Cryo-focused ion beam preparation of perovskite based solar cells for atom probe tomography
摘要： Focused-ion beam lift-out and annular milling is the most common method used for obtaining site specific specimens for atom probe tomography (APT) experiments and transmission electron microscopy. However, one of the main limitations of this technique comes from the structural damage as well as chemical degradation caused by the beam of high-energy ions. These aspects are especially critical in highly-sensitive specimens. In this regard, ion beam milling under cryogenic conditions has been an established technique for damage mitigation. Here, we implement a cryo-focused ion beam approach to prepare specimens for APT measurements from a quadruple cation perovskite-based solar cell device with 19.7% efficiency. As opposed to room temperature FIB milling we found that cryo-milling considerably improved APT results in terms of yield and composition measurement, i.e. halide loss, both related to less defects within the APT specimen. Based on our approach we discuss the prospects of reliable atom probe measurements of perovskite based solar cell materials. An insight into the field evaporation behavior of the organic-inorganic molecules that compose the perovskite material is also given with the aim of expanding the applicability of APT experiments towards nano-characterization of complex organo-metal materials.
关键词： field evaporation,solar cells,APT,atom probe tomography,FIB,cryo-focused ion beam,perovskite,halide loss
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52