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- Gunma University
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Clinical Characteristics, Mutation Spectrum, and Prevalence of ?land Eye Disease/Incomplete Congenital Stationary Night Blindness in Denmark
摘要： PURPOSE. To assess clinical characteristics, foveal structure, mutation spectrum, and prevalence rate of ?Aland eye disease (AED)/incomplete congenital stationary night blindness (iCSNB). METHODS. A retrospective survey included individuals diagnosed with AED at a national low-vision center from 1980 to 2014. A subset of affected males underwent ophthalmologic examinations including psychophysical tests, full-?eld electroretinography, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. RESULTS. Over the 34-year period, 74 individuals from 35 families were diagnosed with AED. Sixty individuals from 29 families participated in a follow-up study of whom 59 harbored a CACNA1F mutation and 1 harbored a CABP4 mutation. Among the subjects with a CACNA1F mutation, subnormal visual acuity was present in all, nystagmus was present in 63%, and foveal hypoplasia was observed in 25/43 subjects. Foveal pit volume was signi?cantly reduced as compared to normal (P < 0.0001). Additionally, outer segment length at the fovea was measured in 46 subjects and found to be signi?cantly reduced as compared to normal (P < 0.001). Twenty-nine CACNA1F variations were detected among 34 families in the total cohort, and a novel CABP4 variation was identi?ed in one family. The estimated mean birth prevalence rate was 1 per 22,000 live-born males. CONCLUSIONS. Our data support the viewpoint that AED, iCSNB, and X-linked cone–rod dystrophy 3 are designations that refer to a broad, continuous spectrum of clinical appearances caused in the majority by a variety of mutations in CACNA1F. We argue that the original designation AED should be used for this entity.
关键词： prevalence,iCSNB,?Aland eye disease,CSNB2A,CACNA1F,OCT,CABP4
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Objective Evaluation of Visual Fatigue Using Binocular Fusion Maintenance
摘要： Purpose: In this study, we investigated whether an individual’s visual fatigue can be evaluated objectively and quantitatively from their ability to maintain binocular fusion. Methods: Binocular fusion maintenance (BFM) was measured using a custom-made binocular open-view Shack–Hartmann wavefront aberrometer equipped with liquid crystal shutters, wherein eye movements and wavefront aberrations were measured simultaneously. Transmittance in the liquid crystal shutter in front of the subject’s nondominant eye was reduced linearly, and BFM was determined from the transmittance at the point when binocular fusion was broken and vergence eye movement was induced. In total, 40 healthy subjects underwent the BFM test and completed a questionnaire regarding subjective symptoms before and after a visual task lasting 30 minutes. Results: BFM was significantly reduced after the visual task (P , 0.001) and was negatively correlated with the total subjective eye symptom score (adjusted R2 ? 0.752, P , 0.001). Furthermore, the diagnostic accuracy for visual fatigue was significantly higher in BFM than in the conventional test results (aggregated fusional vergence range, near point of convergence, and the high-frequency component of accommodative microfluctuations; P ? 0.007). Conclusions: These results suggest that BFM can be used as an indicator for evaluating visual fatigue. Translational Relevance: BFM can be used to evaluate the visual fatigue caused by the new visual devices, such as head-mount display, objectively.
关键词： visual fatigue,binocular fusion,eye movement,Binocular vision
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Microvascular blood flow velocities measured with a retinal function imager: inter-eye correlations in healthy controls and an exploration in multiple sclerosis
摘要： Background: The retinal microcirculation has been studied in various diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, inter-eye correlations and potential differences of the retinal blood flow velocity (BFV) remain largely unstudied but may be important in guiding eye selection as well as the design and interpretation of studies assessing or utilizing retinal BFV. The primary aim of this study was to determine inter-eye correlations in BFVs in healthy controls (HCs). Since prior studies raise the possibility of reduced BFV in MS eyes, a secondary aim was to compare retinal BFVs between MS eyes, grouped based on optic neuritis (ON) history and HC eyes. Methods: Macular arteriole and venule BFVs were determined using a retinal function imager (RFI) in both eyes of 20 HCs. One eye from a total of 38 MS patients comprising 13 eyes with ON (MSON) and 25 eyes without ON (MSNON) history were similarly imaged with RFI. Results: OD (right) and OS (left) BFVs were not significantly different in arterioles (OD: 3.95 ± 0.59 mm/s; OS: 4.08 ± 0.60 mm/s, P = 0.10) or venules (OD: 3.11 ± 0.46 mm/s; OS: 3.23 ± 0.52 mm/s, P = 0.06) in HCs. Very strong inter-eye correlations were also found between arteriolar (r = 0.84, P < 0.001) and venular (r = 0.87, P < 0.001) BFVs in HCs. Arteriolar (3.48 ± 0.88 mm/s) and venular (2.75 ± 0.53 mm/s) BFVs in MSNON eyes were significantly lower than in HC eyes (P = 0.009 and P = 0.005, respectively). Similarly, arteriolar (3.59 ± 0.69 mm/s) and venular (2.80 ± 0.45 mm/s) BFVs in MSON eyes were also significantly lower than in HC eyes (P = 0.046 and P = 0.048, respectively). Arteriolar and venular BFVs in MSON and MSNON eyes did not differ from each other (P = 0.42 and P = 0.48, respectively). Conclusions: Inter-eye arteriolar and venular BFVs do not differ significantly in HCs and are strongly correlated. Our findings support prior observations that arteriolar and venular BFVs may be reduced in MS eyes. Moreover, this seems to be the case in both MS eyes with and without a history of ON, raising the possibility of global blood flow alterations in MS. Future larger studies are needed to assess differences in BFVs between MSON and MSNON eyes.
关键词： Blood flow velocity,Neurology,Multiple sclerosis,Optic neuropathy,Inter-eye correlation,Retinal function imager
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 Second International Conference on Inventive Communication and Computational Technologies (ICICCT) - Coimbatore (2018.4.20-2018.4.21)] 2018 Second International Conference on Inventive Communication and Computational Technologies (ICICCT) - Communication Through Real-Time Video Oculography Using Face Landmark Detection
摘要： An alternate method of communication for Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients using real-time video oculography is introduced in this paper. Proposed method is user-friendly and assist the patients to communicate their basic requirements. The algorithm can be used to address large number of outputs through various input eye wink combinations. The system is built using openCV and dlib. Eye wink is detected by computing Eye Aspect Ratio(EAR) using face landmarks obtained from dlib. Pattern in eye winks is considered to provide corresponding audio and visual outputs. This method can easily differentiate between voluntary and involuntary blinks with better accuracy.
关键词： face landmarks,dlib,eye aspect ratio,eye wink pattern,OpenCV,Amyotropic lateral sclerosis
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A flexible vehicle surround view camera system by central-around coordinate mapping model
摘要： The surround view camera system is an emerging driving assistant technology that can assist drivers in parking by providing top-down view of surrounding situations. Such a system usually consists of four wide-angle or fish-eye cameras that mounted around the vehicle, and a bird-eye view is synthesized from images of these cameras. Commonly there are two fundamental problems for the surround view synthesis, geometric alignment and image synthesis. Geometric alignment performs fish-eye calibration and computes the image perspective transformation between the bird-eye view and images from the surrounding cameras. Image synthesis technique dedicates to seamless stitch between adjacent views and color balancing. In this paper, we propose a flexible central-around coordinate mapping (CACM) model for vehicle surround view synthesis. The CACM model calculates perspective transformation between a top-view central camera coordinate and the around camera coordinates by a marker point based method. With the transformation matrices, we could generate the pixel point mapping relationship between the bird-eye view and images of the surrounding cameras. After geometric alignment, an image fusion method based on distance weighting is adopted for seamless stitch, and an effective overlapping region brightness optimization method is proposed for color balancing. Both the seamless stitch and color balancing can be easily operated by using two types of weight coefficient under the framework of the CACM model. Experimental results show that the proposed approaches could provide a high-performance surround view camera system.
关键词： Bird-eye view,Central-around coordinate mapping model,Fish-eye camera,Surround view camera system
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Neuroergonomics || Why is Eye Tracking an Essential Part of Neuroergonomics?
摘要： Neuroergonomics generally promotes the use of brain imaging techniques or electroencephalography to measure the neural mechanisms underpinning human performance in complex real-life situations, so eye tracking is not the first type of neuroergonomics method that comes to mind. Why bring eye movements and pupillary changes into neuroergonomics? Human vision is tightly coupled to a majority of our activities, and vision provides the brain with a wealth of information. It is difficult, though not impossible, to imagine, for example, an aircraft pilot with visual impairment. The eyes are an important mediator between the environment and the brain, facilitating interaction with our everyday world. Our eyes constantly move to direct our foveas (the small region of the central retina that has highest visual acuity) to objects of interest. Light passes through the pupil to the retina, which then nervates to the brain. Importantly, the retina is a part of the embryonic diencephalon that progressively evolves into a complex connection using several neural pathways to support visual perception and attentional orientation. Hence eye tracking, though an indirect measure of brain activity, is in a way the technique that measures with the closest proximity to the brain–the retina is in fact the only part of the brain visible (e.g., to an optometrist) by the naked eye.
关键词： Pupillometry,Eye Movements,Neuroergonomics,Eye Tracking,Human-Machine Interaction
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Eye tracking technology in sports-related concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis
摘要： Objective: The development of objective quantitative tools for the assessment and monitoring of sports-related concussion is critical. Eye tracking is a novel tool that may provide suitable metrics. The aim of this review was to appraise current evidence for the use of eye tracking technology in sports-related concussion assessment and monitoring. Approach: A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. A search was run using Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic and PubMed for literature published between January 1980 and May 2018. Included were empirical research studies in English where at least 50% of the research participants were athletes, the participants were individuals with a diagnosis of concussion, and eye movements were measured using an eye tracking device. Main results: This systematic review integrates 21 publications on sports-related concussion and eye tracking technology, 9 of which also qualified for the meta-analysis. Overall, the literature reported significant findings for variables in each of the four classes of eye tracking measurements (movement, position, count, and latency). Meta-comparison was made for seven variables for the acute concussions (the difference between the concussed and the control groups was significant for all of them) and one variable for the latent concussions (the difference was not significant). Significance: Most saccadic and pursuit deficits may be missed during clinical examination, and therefore eye tracking technology may be a useful and sensitive screening and monitoring tool for sports-related concussions. The inconsistencies between the eye movement metrics and methodology still make inferences challenging, however, using tasks that are closely related to brain areas involved in executive functions (such as memory-based saccade or antisaccade tasks) in the acute injury phase holds promise in differentiating between athletes who have a concussion compared to those who do not.
关键词： eye tracking,oculomotor analysis,sports-related concussion
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Metal ion sensing ability and photo-physical properties of 4-hydroxy-3-nitroso-2H-chromen-2-one: Interaction studies with calf thymus-DNA
摘要： 4-Hydroxy-3-nitroso-2H-chromen-2-one (HNC), a coumarin derivative has been synthesized through a very simple method, and its photo-physical properties were studied. HNC is used as a simple colorimetric as well as spectrophotometric chemosensor for the detection of Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+ ions, some even by naked-eyes. This process gives a sensitive readout of chemosensor HNC within a wide range of (4.5–1219.5) × 10?7 (M) at λmax 258 nm. HNC has greater binding and detection ability toward Fe2+ than that of 1,10-phenanthrolin, and it has greater binding ability for Fe2+ than that with Fe3+ also. We have also established a method for solid state sensing of iron salts by HNC. Moreover, the binding interaction of HNC with calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) established a groove binding mode.
关键词： CT-DNA,Coumarin,Solid state Fe2+ ion sensing,Naked-eye metal sensing,Chemosensor
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Protein Disulfide Levels and Lens Elasticity Modulation: Applications for Presbyopia
摘要： The purpose of the experiments described here was to determine the effects of lipoic acid (LA)-dependent disulfide reduction on mouse lens elasticity, to synthesize the choline ester of LA (LACE), and to characterize the effects of topical ocular doses of LACE on mouse lens elasticity.
关键词： presbyopia,eye-drops,treatment
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Effect of 0.05% Cyclosporine A on the Ocular Surface after Photorefractive Keratectomy
摘要： Purpose: To evaluate the effect of 0.05% cyclosporine A on the ocular surface after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Methods: This retrospective study included 50 patients who underwent PRK. Patients were divided into two groups: 25 patients in group I were treated with topical 0.05% cyclosporine A with conventional medication, and 25 patients in group II were treated with conventional medication. Visual acuity (VA), tear break-up time (BUT), fluorescein staining score (F-stain), Schirmer I test, and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) were evaluated before surgery and 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after surgery. Results: F-stain was significantly lower in group I than in group II at 2 weeks and 1 month (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in uncorrected VA, BUT, Schirmer I test, or OSDI between the groups. However, group I showed a more effective pattern in dry eye. Conclusions: Combination treatment with 0.05% cyclosporine A was helpful for early ocular surface stability in patients with dry eye after PRK.
关键词： Dry eye,Cyclosporine A,Ocular surface stability,Refractive surgery,Photorefractive keratectomy
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36