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- 2018
- Image processing
- Infrared camera
- Eye movement
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- Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering
- Gunma University
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A teleophthalmology system for the diagnosis of ocular urgency in remote areas of Brazil
摘要： Purposes: To validate a teleophthalmology mobile system aimed at improving and providing eye urgency screenings in remote and poor area settings in Brazil. The system enables one or more ophthalmologists to remotely examine a patient’s condition and submit a decision describing the gravity of the case. If necessary, the patient can be forwarded to a hospital for further consultation. Methods: A cellphone (Nexus One model, with a 5 megapixel camera) was used to collect data and pictures from 100 randomly selected patients at the Ophthalmology Emergency Room located at the General Hospital of the Federal University of S?o Paulo (UNIFESP). Data was then sent remotely to an online recording system to be reviewed by an ophthalmologist who provided feedback regarding the state of ocular urgency. Results were then compared to the gold standard diagnosis provided at the hospital. Results: The diagnosis of urgency was given by two ophthalmologists: one in the hospital (gold standard) and one remotely. When we compared both diagnoses we obtained results of 81.94% specificity, 92.85% sensitivity, and 85% accuracy, with a negative predictive value of 96.72%. This work also included a processing time analysis, resulting in an average time of 8.6 min per patient for remote consultations. Conclusions: This study is the first that has used only a cellphone for diagnosing the urgency of ocular cases. Based on our results, the system can provide a reliable distinction between urgent and non-urgent situations and can offer a viable alternative for the servicing of underprivileged areas. In screening techniques, the most important outcome is to identify urgent cases with a high level of sensitivity and predictive negative value. Thus, our results demonstrate that this tool is robust and we suggest that a major study aimed to verify its efficiency in resource-poor areas should be initiated.
关键词： Diffusion of innovation,Telemedicine,Remote consultation,Ophthalmology,Eye diseases/diagnosis,Triage
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Application of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Dry Eye Disease
摘要： Confocal microscopy is a new, emerging, noninvasive technology that can aid in the in vivo assessment of structural changes in several ocular surface diseases at the cellular level. In the dry eye field, in vivo confocal microscopy has been applied to the examination of the cornea, bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva, Meibomian gland, and lacrimal gland. The device can assess the morphology, including superficial/wing/basal epithelial cell density, stromal keratocyte density, endothelial cell density, nerve fiber density, the number of beadings, nerve tortuosity, nerve reflectivity, and inflammatory cell density in the cornea. Furthermore, the device can not only assess epithelial cell density and area, goblet cell, microcyst, and inflammatory cell density but also the cellular architecture, including nucleocytoplasmic ratio in conjunctiva. The device also can disclose acinar unit density, acinar unit longest diameter, acinar unit shortest diameter, and inflammatory cell density in the Meibomian gland and lacrimal gland by other potential applications. Relevant research in Europe and the United States focused on the morphologic changes in the cornea in the dry eye field, while Japanese research focused on the conjunctival, Meibomian gland, and lacrimal gland alterations. The application of in vivo confocal microscopy in dry eye disease will be a powerful method to evaluate the morphologic change of the ocular surface around the world in the future.
关键词： dry eye,conjunctiva,Meibomian gland,confocal microscopy,lacrimal gland,cornea
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Elevated Choroidal Thickness and Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in the Fellow Eyes of Patients with Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma
摘要： Objective: To determine whether increased choroidal thickness (CT) is associated with circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) and whether patients with CCH are predisposed to central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Methods: We performed a retrospective consecutive observational study of 15 fellow eyes of 15 patients who had CCH. A- and B-scan ultrasonography, fluorescein angiography (FA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis of CCH. Fellow eye CT was measured using enhanced depth imaging OCT. FA, indocyanine green angiography, and OCT images of fellow eyes were reviewed for signs of CSCR. Results: Mean subfoveal CT was significantly greater in the fellow eyes of patients with CCH than in age-matched normal eyes (p = 0.004). Three of 15 (20.0%) fellow eyes of CCH patients had retinal pigment epithelium disruptions and/or pigment epithelial detachments indicative of previous asymptomatic CSCR. Conclusion: In this pilot study, elevated CT was associated with a risk of developing CCH as well as CSCR in patients of varying ages. Patients diagnosed with CCH should be screened for CSCR in the fellow eye. Further exploration of this association may reveal useful clues about the biology of abnormally elevated choroidal hyperpermeability and its various clinical manifestations.
关键词： Serous chorioretinopathy,Choroidal hemangioma,Choroidal thickness,Contralateral eye
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Optical coherence tomography of macular atrophy associated with microcephaly and presumed intrauterine Zika virus infection
摘要： This case report describes the retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT ) fin dings in a microcephalic infant with macular atrophy presumably caused by in trauterine Zika virus infection. OCT demonstrated atrophy of the outer retinal layers and choriocapillaris, including the outer nuclear layer and ellipsoid zone, associated with retinal pigment epithelium hyper-reflectivity and increased OCT penetration into deeper layers of the choroid and sclera. A major concern associated with this infection is the apparent increased incidence of microce- phaly in fetuses born to mothers infected with the Zika virus. It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the upsurge in congenital microcephaly observed in Brazil. Recently, ocular findings in infants with microcephaly associated with intrauterine Zika virus infection have been described. This is the first report of OCT imaging of macular atrophy in a child with presumed Zika virus infection-asso - ciated microcephaly.
关键词： Zika virus,Retina,Tomography, optical coherence,Microcephaly,Eye manifestations
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Visual servoing for low-cost SCARA robots using an RGB-D camera as the only sensor
摘要： Visual servoing with a simple, two-step hand–eye calibration for robot arms in Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm configuration, along with the method for simple vision-based grasp planning, is proposed. The proposed approach is designed for low-cost, vision-guided robots, where tool positioning is achieved by visual servoing using marker tracking and depth information provided by an RGB-D camera, without encoders or any other sensors. The calibration is based on identification of the dominant horizontal plane in the camera field of view, and an assumption that all robot axes are perpendicular to the identified plane. Along with the plane parameters, one rotational movement of the shoulder joint provides sufficient information for visual servoing. The grasp planning is based on bounding boxes of simple objects detected in the RGB-D image, which provide sufficient information for robot tool positioning, gripper orientation and opening width. The developed methods are experimentally tested using a real robot arm. The accuracy of the proposed approach is analysed by measuring the positioning accuracy as well as by performing grasping experiments.
关键词： Visual servoing,grasp planning,SCARA,low-cost robot arm,hand–eye calibration
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Epidemiology of Persistent Postsurgical Pain Manifesting as Dry Eye-like Symptoms After Cataract Surgery
摘要： To evaluate the epidemiology of persistent postsurgical pain (PPP) manifesting as dry eye (DE)-like symptoms 6 months after surgery. Methods: This single-center study included 119 individuals whose cataract surgeries were performed by a single surgeon at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute and who agreed to participate in a phone survey 6 months after surgery. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the PPP group was defined as those with a Dry Eye Questionnaire-5 score $6 and without PPP as those with a Dry Eye Questionnaire-5 score ,6 at 6 months after cataract surgery. Results: Mean age of the study population was 73 6 8.0 years; 55% (n = 66) were female. PPP was present in 34% (n = 41) of individuals 6 months after surgery. Factors associated with an increased risk of PPP were female sex [odds ratio (OR) = 2.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20–6.00, P = 0.01], autoimmune disorder (OR = 13.2, CI = 1.53–114, P = 0.007), nonocular chronic pain disorder (OR = 4.29, CI = 1.01–18.1, P = 0.06), antihistamine use (OR = 6.22, CI = 2.17–17.8, P = 0.0003), antireflux medication use (OR = 2.42, CI = 1.04–5.66, P = 0.04), antidepressant use (OR = 3.17, CI = 1.31–7.68, P = 0.01), anxiolytic use (OR = 3.38, CI = 1.11–10.3, P = 0.03), and antiinsomnia medication use (OR = 5.28, CI = 0.98–28.5, P = 0.047). PPP patients also reported more frequent use of artificial tears (P , 0.0001), higher ocular pain levels (P , 0.0001), and greater neuropathic ocular pain symptoms, including burning (P = 0.001), wind sensitivity (P = 0.001), and light sensitivity (P , 0.0001). Conclusions: PPP in the form of persistent DE-like symptoms is present in approximately 34% of individuals 6 months after cataract surgery. The frequency of PPP after cataract surgery is comparable to that of other surgeries including laser refractive surgery, dental implants, and genitourinary procedures.
关键词： dry eye symptoms,persistent postsurgical pain,cataract surgery,epidemiology
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Detection of eye strain through blink rate and sclera area using raspberry-pi
摘要： In this paper, a unique approach is proposed to determine eye strain in children caused due to the prolonged exposure to LCD and PDP screens. Blink rate and area of eye sclera are the two efficient metrics relied upon to determine eye strain. Initially, blink rate is computed by monitoring state transitions from open to closed eyes. To segment the sclera region of the eye Otsu’s thresholding and colour tracking, were implemented. These approaches had limitations due to illumination and skin tone. To overcome this, Modified Otsu using Colour Tracking is proposed in this paper. The occurrence of eye strain is determined by comparing the values of the metrics derived in real time with a threshold. The proposed algorithm detects eye strain with an accuracy of 83%. After detection of fatigue an alert message is sent to caretakers.
关键词： Eye fatigue,Otsu,blink rate,sclera,raspberry-pi
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing] Advanced Computing and Systems for Security Volume 897 (Volume Seven) || Extraction and Classification of Blood Vessel Minutiae in the Image of a Diseased Human Retina
摘要： The work presents a created methodology for detecting minutiae in the image of the retina of a sick person’s eye. The worked out algorithm is used to ?nd areas of distribution and classi?cation of minutiae in ill human eye retinal image. The main goal of the proposed approach is to classify all minutiae into groups based on the distance from the center of the image and the distance from the edge of the image that is closer to the blind spot. For the separation of blood vessels from the image, Otsu algorithm and background subtraction were used. To get line representation of blood vessels that helps ?nd minutiae in images, the K3M thinning algorithm was used. The proposed algorithm shows one of the most basic solutions for ?nding the characteristic points in a biometric image. The last step of the presented algorithm introduces an example of minutiae classi?cation.
关键词： Blood vessels,Eye disease,Biometrics,Minutiae
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Evaluation of Dry Eye and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Teenagers with Myopia through Noninvasive Keratograph
摘要： Purpose. This study aims to evaluate dry eye and ocular surface conditions of myopic teenagers by using questionnaire and clinical examinations. Methods. A total of 496 eyes from 248 myopic teenagers (7–18 years old) were studied. We administered Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, slit-lamp examination, and Keratograph 5M. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on OSDI dry eye standard, and their ocular surfaces and meibomian gland conditions were evaluated. Results. The tear meniscus heights of the dry eye and normal groups were in normal range. Corneal fluorescein scores were significantly higher whereas noninvasive break-up time was dramatically shorter in the dry eye group than in the normal group. All three meibomian gland dysfunction parameters (i.e., meibomian gland orifice scores, meibomian gland secretion scores, and meibomian gland dropout scores) of the dry eye group were significantly higher than those of the normal group (??<0.0001). Conclusions. The prevalence of dry eye in myopic teenagers is 18.95%. Meibomian gland dysfunction plays an important role in dry eye in myopic teenagers. The Keratograph 5M appears to provide an effective noninvasive method for assessing ocular surface situation of myopic teenagers.
关键词： ocular surface,dry eye,meibomian gland dysfunction,myopic teenagers,Keratograph 5M
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14