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- 2018
- Image processing
- Infrared camera
- Eye movement
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- Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering
- Gunma University
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CMOS image sensor for high speed and low latency eye tracking
摘要： Eye tracking, or detecting where the user is looking at, is expected as a new type of user interfaces, with including the phenomenon of rapid eye movement, so called saccade. However, real-time tracking of saccade is difficult with the conventional image processing systems for their long processing time and latency against the speed of saccade. In this paper, we describe the design of the CMOS image sensor for eye tracking with high speed and low latency capability, as well as its evaluation results.
关键词： saccade,CMOS image sensor,column parallel architecture,eye tracking
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Ant Colony Optimization and image model-based robot manipulator system for pick-and-place tasks
摘要： A visual servo control system combines with the model-based image segmentation and an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm to design an excellent six-Degree-of-Freedom (6-DOF) robot manipulator for solving the complicated combinations of pick-and-place tasks. A simple but efficient vision-based segmentation methodology is developed to extract the object information by getting appropriate feature of the controlled platform when the robot is tracking the manipulated image patterns. The evolutionary ACO learning algorithm explores the near-optimal path selections to drive the 6 DOF robot arm kinematics model for completing the Pick-and-Place tasks as soon as possible. Inverse orientation kinematic machine is proposed to successfully guide the robot manipulator into the desired position. Several software simulations include image segmentations, the shortest path selection, and the performance validation in various experiments. These results are described and presented to demonstrate that the designed image model-based robot manipulator wins the excellent Pick-and-Place task. Not only the software simulation, the practical robot synchronously performed in real-world to reach the higher feasible functions in the eye-to-hand experiments.
关键词： image segmentation,pick-and-place task,Ant Colony Optimization,eye-to-hand,Robot manipulator
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Spaceflight-related ocular changes
摘要： Within the last decade, it was realized that during and after long-duration spaceflight, some astronauts experience ophthalmic abnormalities including refractive changes, optic disc edema, globe flattening, choroidal folds, and cotton wool spots. Much research has been initiated and conducted, but little evidence is available to differentiate affected crewmembers. The first published data to distinguish between affected and nonaffected crewmembers identified biochemical differences in affected astronauts: one-carbon pathway metabolite concentrations were higher in these individuals than in nonaffected astronauts, even before flight. These data led to findings that genetics and B-vitamin status were predictors of the incidence of the ophthalmic abnormalities. A multihit hypothesis was developed, with genetics and B-vitamin status as two of several important elements that all contribute to endothelial dysfunction and ultimately to ophthalmic changes after flight. One of these contributing factors – response to carbon dioxide exposure – was recently documented to be affected by the same one-carbon pathway genetics. This line of research may help identify which astronauts are at risk of these ophthalmic changes, and allow targeted treatment. This research may have implications for clinical populations, including patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, that have similar biochemical, endocrine, and genetic characteristics, and it may shed light on why links between cardiovascular disease and the metabolites homocysteine and folate have been elusive and confounded.
关键词： one-carbon pathway,space flight,polycystic ovary syndrome,B vitamins,eye abnormalities
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Contact Lenses || Cosmetic and Prosthetic Contact Lenses
摘要： In this chapter, coloured contact lenses are differentiated into cosmetic lenses, i.e. tinted contact lenses that simply change the colour of the eyes, and prosthetic lenses, i.e. lenses that change the appearance of an unsightly eye, although the term 'cosmetic lenses' is often used for the latter purpose. The fact that contact lenses can provide benefits other than visual is often overlooked, and their ability to change a patient's appearance should not be trivialised. A practitioner who wishes to provide prosthetic lenses for patients with disfigured eyes should have previous wide experience in fitting prescription lenses and tinted cosmetic lenses. The basic principles are the same, and lenses need to be tailored to each patient.
关键词： prosthetic lenses,contact lenses,cosmetic lenses,eye disfigurement,tinting methods
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Long-term analysis of PV module with large-area patterned anti-reflective film
摘要： Due to the PV modules are exposed to the external environment, it is necessary to clean or replace the protective glass upon contamination. In this study, we demonstrate a large-area and flexible anti-reflective film with moth-eye pattern fabricated by using a highly straightforward process: nanoimprint lithography. In addition, the fabricated anti-reflective film exhibits self-cleaning capability owing to the hydrophobic self-assembled-monolayer-coated surface. The fabricated anti-reflective film was attached to the surface of photovoltaic (PV) modules and placed outdoor to conduct a seven-month field test in order to observe the increase in the conversion efficiency of the PV modules as a result of the effect of the anti-reflective film. Two types of patterns, moth-eye pattern and micro-cone pattern, were used as the anti-reflective patterns; these were conveniently fabricated by the ultraviolet-nanoimprint lithography process, which does not use vacuum or high-temperature process. In the seven-month analysis, the moth-eye patterned film was observed to exhibit a transmittance that is 5.0% higher than that of the flat film, whereas the PV module with the moth-eye patterned film on its surface exhibited a conversion efficiency that is 2.85% higher than that of the PV module with the flat film.
关键词： Field test,Long-term,Moth-eye,Anti-reflective,Nanoimprint lithography
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 15th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE) - Mexico City (2018.9.5-2018.9.7)] 2018 15th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE) - Data Mining for the Analysis of Eye Tracking Records
摘要： It is proposed the implementation of a methodology for the analysis and classification of large volumes of records. It is studied and evaluated the application of DM as a tool to analysis qualitatively and quantitatively the register obtained by an eye movement tracking device, eye-tracking, when bring under to people with different levels of orthographic knowledge (OK: High, Medium and Low), in the face of two tasks; (i) detection of spelling error and (ii) in the detection of a simple character, in the brief exposure (1500 milliseconds) of words without and with misspelling. It used some analytical procedure series of DM such as: the search for response patterns; the creation of secondary variables; the use of classification of trees and grouping the data (k-means). New models were created as of the distance between the position of the spelling error and the position of the gaze of the participants. Differences in the visual attention were found between the participants; in the same way, it was observed that the misspelling influences the performance of the task (ii), diverting visual attention to spelling error, in the participants with High OK. It is concluded that the DM helps to find the particularities of eye movements from large volumes of data that generates eye-tracking, which cannot be analysed with simple procedures.
关键词： k-means,Data Mining,Orthographic Knowledge,Eye Tracking,Eye Movements
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[ACM Press the 2018 ACM International Joint Conference and 2018 International Symposium - Singapore, Singapore (2018.10.08-2018.10.12)] Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Joint Conference and 2018 International Symposium on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Wearable Computers - UbiComp '18 - Measuring Study Activity across High School Students Using Commercial EOG Glasses
摘要： Health monitoring using a wearable device is gaining increasing research interest. Several longitudinal studies have been conducted across college students taking advantage of the robust data acquisition of wearable devices. In these studies, watch-type wearable device and mobile phone are often used to collect data. However, longitudinal activity tracking using an eyewear-type device is challenging because such devices often result in significant discomfort to the user due to their bulky hardware. This paper reports on a longitudinal study on high school students using commercial electrooculography glasses to track study activity. Initial result indicates that weekly feedback via text messages can contribute to longer use of the device.
关键词： Electrooculography,Activity tracking,Eyewear,Wearable device,Eye Blink
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Measuring the Spatial Noise of a Low-Cost Eye Tracker to Enhance Fixation Detection
摘要： The present study evaluates the quality of gaze data produced by a low-cost eye tracker (The Eye Tribe?, The Eye Tribe, Copenhagen, Denmark) in order to verify its suitability for the performance of scienti?c research. An integrated methodological framework, based on arti?cial eye measurements and human eye tracking data, is proposed towards the implementation of the experimental process. The obtained results are used to remove the modeled noise through manual ?ltering and when detecting samples (?xations). The outcomes aim to serve as a robust reference for the veri?cation of the validity of low-cost solutions, as well as a guide for the selection of appropriate ?xation parameters towards the analysis of experimental data based on the used low-cost device. The results show higher deviation values for the real test persons in comparison to the arti?cial eyes, but these are still acceptable to be used in a scienti?c setting.
关键词： ?xation detection algorithm,low-cost eye tracker,arti?cial eyes,spatial noise
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Illumination discrimination in the absence of a fixed surface-reflectance layout
摘要： Previous studies have shown that humans can discriminate spectral changes in illumination and that this sensitivity depends both on the chromatic direction of the illumination change and on the ensemble of surfaces in the scene. These studies, however, always used stimulus scenes with a fixed surface-reflectance layout. Here we compared illumination discrimination for scenes in which the surface reflectance layout remains fixed (fixed-surfaces condition) to those in which surface reflectances were shuffled randomly across scenes, but with the mean scene reflectance held approximately constant (shuffled-surfaces condition). Illumination discrimination thresholds in the fixed-surfaces condition were commensurate with previous reports. Thresholds in the shuffled-surfaces condition, however, were considerably elevated. Nonetheless, performance in the shuffled-surfaces condition exceeded that attainable through random guessing. Analysis of eye fixations revealed that in the fixed-surfaces condition, low illumination discrimination thresholds (across observers) were predicted by low overall fixation spread and high consistency of fixation location and fixated surface reflectances across trial intervals. Performance in the shuffled-surfaces condition was not systematically related to any of the eye-fixation characteristics we examined for that condition, but was correlated with performance in the fixed-surfaces condition.
关键词： illumination perception,color vision,eye fixations,chromatic illumination discrimination
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Temporal Requirement of <i>Mab21l2</i> During Eye Development in Chick Reveals Stage-Dependent Functions for Retinogenesis
摘要： PURPOSE. Different missense mutations in the single exon gene Mab21l2 have been identified in unrelated families with various bilateral eye malformations, including microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma, but the molecular function of Mab21l2 during eye development still remains largely unknown. METHODS. We have established an in vivo Mab21l2-deficient eye development model in chick, by using a Mab21l2 RNA interference construct that we electroporated in ovo in prospective retinal cells. In addition, we designed a Mab21l2 gain-of-function electroporation vector. Mab21l2-modulated retinas were analyzed on consecutive sections in terms of morphology, and molecular markers for apoptosis, cell proliferation, and retinogenesis. RESULTS. Our Mab21l2-deficient chick model mimics human ocular phenotypes. When Mab21l2 is downregulated prior to optic vesicle formation, the embryos develop anophthalmia, and Mab21l2 inhibition by optic cup stages results in a microphthalmic colobomatous phenotype. Our results show that inhibition of Mab21l2 affects cell proliferation, cell cycle exit, and the expression of Atoh7/Ath5, NeuroD4/Ath3, Isl1, Pax6, AP-2a, and Prox1. In addition, Mab21l2 overexpression hampers cell cycle exit and differentiation of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs). CONCLUSIONS. Our results highlight the importance of a regulated temporal expression of Mab21l2 during eye development: At early stages, Mab21l2 is required to maintain RPC proliferation and expansion of cell number; before retinogenesis, a decrease in Mab21l2 expression in proliferating RPCs is required for cell cycle exit and differentiation; during retinogenesis, Mab21l2 is chronologically upregulated in RGCs, followed by differentiated horizontal and amacrine cells and cone photoreceptor cells.
关键词： chick,development,coloboma,eye,anophthalmia,Mab21l2,retinogenesis
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29