- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
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Modelling the impact of market imperfections on farm household investment in stand-alone solar PV systems
摘要： Access to electricity in rural Sub-Saharan Africa, where livelihoods are predominantly based on small scale farming, is significantly low. Extending centralised national electricity grids to these rural areas faces significant technical and financial constraints. As a result, many see household-financed decentralised technologies such as small standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) systems as being important for achieving greater electricity access. However, rural farm households typically face a range of market imperfections including lack of access to credit, investment irreversibility (or absence of second-hand markets) and farm production/income risk which act as barriers to their ability and/or willingness to invest. This paper examines how these market imperfections impact on the adoption of standalone solar PV systems for small scale farm households in Uganda. We consider how temporary or permanent these barriers to adoption are when farm production/income is uncertain. We do so by using a dynamic programming model which captures household investment in small scale solar PV systems where significant positive benefits arise through assumed improved farm productivity or income effects, while allowing for credit constraints, investment irreversibility and income risk. Although strong positive incentives exist in the model to adopt a solar PV system, the results show that adoption rates are substantially lower for credit constrained households, with only 40% of these households adopting immediately, compared with over 70% of credit unconstrained households. While these adoption rates do increase over time, only 60% of credit constrained households have adopted within 5 years compared with nearly all credit unconstrained households adopting within the same time period. In the longer term for almost 30% of households the credit constraints act as a permanent barrier to adoption. The presence of a well-functioning second-hand market does increase household consumption and welfare but the impacts on overall adoption rates are rather small.
关键词： Credit,Market imperfections,Farm households,Africa,Irreversibility,Solar PVs
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Subsea Cable Condition Monitoring with Distributed Optical Fibre Vibration Sensor
摘要： A novel subsea cable condition monitoring technique based on embedded optical fibre inside the cable is demonstrated. It is shown that a distributed optical fibre vibration sensor can be used to map dynamic strains all along the cable simultaneously. It is experimentally shown that such system can fully quantify the location and strain level at each point on the cable as a function of time for both abrupt impact and cyclical loading. The sensing system demonstrated a spatial and strain resolution of 1m and 4με, respectively, over a 10km sensing range.
关键词： Offshore wind farm,Cable fault monitoring,Subsea cable monitoring,Distributed Vibration Sensor (DVS),Submarine cable installation,Distributed Acoustic Sensor (DAS)
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Snow Loss Prediction for Photovoltaic Farms Using Computational Intelligence Techniques
摘要： With the recent widespread deployment of Photovoltaic (PV) panels in the northern snow-prone areas, performance analysis of these panels is getting much more importance. Partial or full reduction in energy yield due to snow accumulation on the surface of PV panels, which is referred to as snow loss, reduces their operational efficiency. Developing intelligent algorithms to accurately predict the future snow loss of PV farms is addressed in this article for the first time. The article proposes daily snow loss prediction models using machine learning algorithms solely based on meteorological data. The algorithms include regression trees, gradient boosted trees, random forest, feed-forward and recurrent artificial neural networks, and support vector machines. The prediction models are built based on the snow loss of a PV farm located in Ontario, Canada which is calculated using a 3-stage model and hourly data records over a 4-year period. The stages of the aforementioned model consist of: stage I: yield determination, stage II: power loss calculation, and stage III: snow loss extraction. The functionality of the proposed prediction models is validated over the historical data and the optimal hyperparameters are selected for each model to achieve the best results. Among all the models, gradient boosted trees obtained the minimum prediction error and thus the best performance. The results achieved prove the effectiveness of the proposed models for the prediction of daily snow loss of PV farms.
关键词： snow loss,Intelligent prediction,snowfall,photovoltaic (PV) farm,machine learning
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[ASME ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology - Boston, Massachusetts, USA (Monday 30 June 2014)] Volume 1: Combined Energy Cycles, CHP, CCHP, and Smart Grids; Concentrating Solar Power, Solar Thermochemistry and Thermal Energy Storage; Geothermal, Ocean, and Emerging Energy Technologies; Hydrogen Energy Technologies; Low/Zero Emission Power Plants and Carbon Sequestration; Photovoltaics; Wind Energy Systems and Technologies - Magnesium Hydride Slurry — A Better Answer to Hydrogen Storage
摘要： Hydrogen has many properties that make it an attractive energy storage medium for a sustainable future. But hydrogen is also difficult to store safely and cheaply. By storing hydrogen in an oil-based slurry with powdered magnesium hydride, cheap and safe hydrogen storage can be realized. This paper describes the characteristics and benefits of cycling hydrogen in and out of magnesium hydride slurry. Based on our experience with magnesium hydride slurry, we have performed a study to evaluate the cost effectiveness of applying bulk hydrogen storage, using magnesium hydride slurry, in a baseload wind power system that we will also discuss. This study concludes that a 150 MW baseload wind power system would produce an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 10% with an electric price of $0.088/kWh. The costs and performance characteristics of this power plant are described.
关键词： electricity storage,energy storage,hydrogen storage,magnesium hydride slurry,baseload wind farm
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose (ISOEN) - Fukuoka, Japan (2019.5.26-2019.5.29)] 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose (ISOEN) - Optical sensor array based on P(V) corroles for fluorometric detection of nitrite
摘要： Two [5,10,15-pentafluorophenyl corrole] phosphorous (V), (PFCorr), and [10-(4-trimhetylsilyphenyl)-5,15-dimesityl-corrole] phosphorous (V) (PCorr) were synthesized and tested as nitrite-sensitive ionophore. Fluorimetry studies on ligand sensitivity towards anions were carried out first in solution and then inside polymeric membrane optodes. The selective ligand fluorescence quenching was registered upon addition of --ions. The influence on the PFCorr optode response of the lipophilic sites functionalization was investigated. The sensor will be tested in natural (fresh and seawater) and fish farm waters in order to detect the effectiveness of nitrite assessment at recommended concentrations levels (less than 0.3 mg/L).
关键词： phosphorous(V) corrole ligands,natural (fresh and seawater) and fish farm waters analysis,nitrite fluorometric assessment
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Technical analysis of photovoltaic energy generation for supplying the electricity demand in Brazilian dairy farms
摘要： In many Brazilian dairy farms, the supply of electrical energy does not fully meet the demands of the production systems and/or presents frequent fluctuations and interruptions, making the expansion of production chain unfeasible. These and other barriers have motivating the adoption of renewable and independent energy sources, installed directly in the farms. The present study was conducted to perform a technical analysis of photovoltaic energy generation required for supplying the electricity demand in dairy farms located at Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Daily global radiations on tilted panels were estimated by mathematical models and long-term meteorological database (greater than 33 years). Electrical energy generated by grid-connected photovoltaic systems was predicted considering minimum, average, and maximum daily global radiation conditions. Electrical energy demands were monitored in small (66 cows), medium (106 cows), and large (158 cows) dairy farms. The direct use of electrical energy in operations performed at Brazilian dairy farms were 4, 28, 15, 39, and 15%, on average, for lighting, milking, water heating/pumping, milk cooling/refrigeration, and miscellaneous, respectively. The estimated energy consumptions were 0.96, 0.87, and 0.81 kWh cow?1 day?1 for farms with 66, 106, and 158 cows, respectively. The photovoltaic panel area varied considerably among small, medium, and large dairy farms in order to meet 80% of renewable fraction for the electricity demand.
关键词： Solar radiation models,Photovoltaic panels,Grid-connected photovoltaic system,Energy consumption,Renewable energy,Farm building
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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A system for monitoring farmed fish via LED‐based visible light communication
摘要： We propose a novel fish farm monitoring system utilizing visible light communication technology. In our system, a sensor node equipped with a full-color LED module is attached to fish to transmit sensor data. A sink node equipped with an omnidirectional camera at the bottom of the cage receives sensor data. This is a simple, low-energy approach for data transmission. We establish the fundamental performance of our proposed system through simulations.
关键词： omnidirectional camera,visible light communication,sensor network,network performance,fish farm monitoring
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Infrared thermography camera protection in dairy farming management
摘要： Infrared thermography as a non-invasive contactless method of temperature distribution is ideal for various types of analyses. Thermal cameras have some protection against direct sprays of water and dust but no deposit on a camera is allowed. Educated camera operators often find themselves in situations where they have to conduct an analysis during which the equipment is exposed to unforeseen working conditions. One such occasion is dairy farming management. Analyzing dairy cows with a thermal camera exposes expensive equipment to faeces and urine. Camera protection is normally carried out by the usage of a thermal window, protective lens or special housing. One of the materials used in lens protection manufacturing is polyethylene used to make plastic bags. The paper elaborates on camera protection in order to support the usage of a plastic bag for camera protection when in unexpected circumstances. Two experiments were performed under controlled conditions and one in real conditions on a dairy farm with and without the usage of a plastic bag. The impact of the bag and its thickness on the results of thermographic analysis of a homogeneous radiation source at ambient temperature did not provide desired information due to thermal equilibrium. The setup analysis with a heat source that have the same temperature difference as a real cow in the farm has shown the influence of bag thickness as well as a different setup on the camera. The importance of a bag being well stretched over the camera lens in order to get homogeneous and minimal influence on the final measurement results was emphasized prior to the final shooting in the farm condition. In the dairy cow analysis, when the plastic bag was mounted over the camera, the temperature difference was observed. It was shown that the difference increases alongside with the increase of the observed object temperature. The plastic bag reduces the registered cow apparent temperature but similarly raises the ambient temperature.
关键词： Infrared thermography,Farm,Dairy cow,Equipment protection,Plastic bag
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46