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Superior ferroelectric photovoltaic properties in Fe -modified (Pb,La) (Zr,Ti)O3 thin film by improving the remnant polarization and reducing the band gap
摘要： In order to develop ferroelectric photovoltaic devices with high power conversion e?ciency, ferroelectric materials must have simultaneously large remnant polarization and narrow band gap so as to e?ciently separate photo-generated carriers and absorb more sunlight. Based on this idea, in this report, we introduce Fe3+ into Pb0·93La0·07(Zr0·6Ti0.4)0.9825O3 ferroelectric thin ?lm to increase the remnant polarization and decrease the band gap of the thin ?lm. In doing so, we prepare Fe3+ doping Pb0·93La0·07(Zr0·6Ti0.4)0.9825O3 thin-?lm based photovoltaic devices. The experimental results indicate that with increasing the Fe3+ amount, the remnant polarization of the ?lm ?rst improves to the maximum value of 50 μC/cm2 at the 4.8 mol% Fe3+ content and then reduces gradually, while the band gap continuously decreases. In addition, at a negative poling voltage, the device exhibits larger short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage in comparison with those obtained at the positive poling voltage, which is attributed to the depolarization electric ?eld originating from the remnant polarization of ferroelectric thin ?lms in the same direction as the built-in electric ?eld caused by the Schottky barrier. In this report, the most superior photovoltaic performances with the open-circuit voltage of as large as ?0.55 V and short-circuit current of as high as 0.4 μA/cm2 are obtained in the device with 4.8 mol% Fe3+ amount and at ?5 V poling voltage. This is on account of the improved sunlight absorbing properties and photo-generated carriers separation ability of the device. This work provides a novel idea for designing and preparing ferroelectric photovoltaic devices with high power conversion e?ciency.
关键词： Fe3+ doping,Photovoltaic properties,Band gap,Remnant polarization,Ferroelectric thin ?lm
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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The influence of bilateral environment of dyed-TiO2/electrolyte interface on detailed recombination process during the a??maturea?? period of sensitized solar cell
摘要： The complete dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) life cycle includes three stages: “mature” period, stability period and degradation period. However, during the DSC performance adjustment period, considering the in?uence of both sides of the dyed-TiO2/electrolyte interface on the electron recombination process is still blank. In this paper, the effects of the environment on both sides of the interface between TiO2 and electrolyte during the DSC performance adjustment on the electron recombination process are studied. The results show that the performance adjustment of DSC is greatly in?uenced by the chemical environment of electrolyte. The ?lm microstructures have a certain in?uence on the electron recombination process during the performance adjustment. During the performance adjustment period of DSC, the adjustment of quasi-Fermi level is more complicated under the condition of weak light than under the condition of strong light. The results of this paper are signi?cant for studying complex systems of DSC, understanding the device working mechanism and improving the cell ef?ciency.
关键词： Performance adjustment period,Electron recombination,TiO2 ?lm,Dye-sensitized solar cell,Electrolyte
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Editorial: Window Electrodes for Emerging Thin Film Photovoltaics
摘要： Photovoltaics (PVs) fabricated by printing at low temperature onto ?exible substrates are attractive for a broad range of applications in buildings and transportation, where ?exibility, color-tuneability, and light-weight are essential requirements. Two emerging PV technologies on the cusp of commercialization are organic PVs and perovskite PVs. CIGS, CdTe, and a-Si solar cells also have potential applications in ?exible PVs. It is widely recognized that these classes of PV will only ful?ll their full cost advantage and functional advantages over conventional thin ?lm PVs if a suitable transparent, ?exible electrode is forthcoming (Lu et al., 2018). Indium tin oxide (ITO) is the most popular transparent conductor material for opto-electronics including solar cells and displays. However, the fragile ceramic nature makes ITO unsuitable for future electronics such as ?exible, stretchable, and wearable electronics because it will easily develop cracks under mechanical deformation. Instead, optically thin ?lm or metallic nanowire networks (Sannicolo et al., 2016) of the most electrically conductive metals copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au) have shown promising potential, in spite of the oxidation and parasitic absorption problem of Cu and the high material cost problem of Ag and Au. Whilst the chemical, thermal, and electrical stability of transparent electrodes based on these metals presents challenges, it has been shown that thin coating layers can be very e?cient in preserving their integrity and properties (Celle et al., 2018). Additionally, low-temperature, high-throughput deposition techniques, such as spatial atomic layer deposition (SALD) (Mu?oz-Rojas and MacManus-Driscoll, 2014; Khan et al., 2018), can be used to deposit these protective layers.
关键词： solar cell,photovoltaic,transparent electrode,perovskite solar cell,organic photovoltaic,metal ?lm,organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[ACM Press the International Conference - San Diego, California (2018.11.05-2018.11.08)] Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design - ICCAD '18 - Strain-aware performance evaluation and correction for OTFT-based flexible displays
摘要： Organic thin-?lm transistors (OTFTs) are widely used in ?exible circuits, such as ?exible displays, sensor arrays, and radio frequency identi?cation cards (RFIDs), because these technologies offer features such as better ?exibility, lower cost, and easy manufacturability using low-temperature fabrication process. This paper develops a procedure that evaluates the performance of ?exible displays. Due to their very nature, ?exible displays experience signi?cant mechanical strain/stress in the ?eld due to the deformation caused during daily use. These deformations can impact device and circuit performance, potentially causing a loss in functionality. This paper ?rst models the effects of extrinsic strain due to two fundamental deformations modes, bending and twisting. Next, this strain is translated to variations in device mobility, after which analytical models for error analysis in the ?exible display are derived based on the rendered image values in each pixel of the display. Finally, two error correction approaches for ?exible displays are proposed, based on voltage compensation and ?exible clocking.
关键词： Organic thin-?lm transistors (OTFTs),performance evaluation,error correction,strain modeling,?exible displays
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Transferred PMN-PT Thick Film on Conductive Silver Epoxy
摘要： Approximately 25 μm Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) thick ?lm was synthesized based on a sol-gel/composite route. The obtained PMN-PT thick ?lm was successfully transferred from the Silicon substrate to the conductive silver epoxy using a novel wet chemical method. The mechanism of this damage free transfer was explored and analyzed. Compared with the ?lm on Silicon substrate, the transferred one exhibited superior dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. These promising results indicate that transferred PMN-PT thick ?lm possesses the capability for piezoelectric device application, especially for ultrasound transducer fabrication. Most importantly, this chemical route opens a new path for transfer of thick ?lm.
关键词： piezoelectric thick ?lm,conductive epoxy,transfer,PMN-PT
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Cd-free Cu(InGa)Se2 solar cells with eco-friendly a-Si buffer layers
摘要： CdS, In2S3 and ZnO-based materials are typically adopted as bu?er layers in high e?ciency CIGS solar cells. However, the drawbacks involved toxicity, complicated synthesis process and environmental damage of aforementioned materials would someday limit the development themselves. Here, for the ?rst time, eco-friendly and low-cost a-Si thin ?lms prepared by e-beam evaporation were used as bu?er layers in CIGS solar cells. Thickness of a-Si ?lms was changed to optimize the performance of CIGS solar cells through investigating their optical, structural and electrical properties. It revealed that the conduction band alignment of CIGS and a-Si is a favorable spike and a 60 nm a-Si ?lm is optimal for CIGS/a-Si interface properties. Following the SCAPS simulation, bandgaps and conduction band energy level of CIGS ?lms were facilely modulated through altering the Ga/(Ga + In) ratios. The conversion e?ciency of solar cell with modi?ed CIGS ?lm was relatively improved by over 30% compared to the pristine one. The present work provides a new and eco-friendly strategy for fabrication of CIGS solar cells and expands the application of a-Si thin ?lms as bu?er layers for solar cells.
关键词： CIGS thin ?lm,Cd-free solar cell,a-Si thin ?lm,SCAPS simulation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Nanomolded buried light-scattering (BLiS) back-reflectors using dielectric nanoparticles for light harvesting in thin-film silicon solar cells
摘要： The article presents a nanoparticle-based buried light-scattering (BLiS) back-re?ector design realized through a simpli?ed nanofabrication technique for the purpose of light-management in solar cells. The BLiS structure consists of a ?at silver back-re?ector with an overlying light-scattering bilayer which is made of a TiO2 dielectric nanoparticles layer with micron-sized inverted pyramidal cavities, buried under a ?at-topped silicon nanoparticles layer. The optical properties of this BLiS back-re?ector show high broadband and wide angular distribution of diffuse light-scattering. The ef?cient light-scattering by the buried inverted pyramid back-re?ector is shown to effectively improve the short-circuit-current density and ef?ciency of the overlying n-i-p amorphous silicon solar cells up to 14% and 17.5%, respectively, compared to the reference ?at solar cells. A layer of TiO2 nanoparticles with exposed inverted pyramid microstructures shows equivalent light scattering but poor ?ll factors in the solar cells, indicating that the overlying smooth growth interface in the BLiS back-re?ector helps to maintain a good ?ll factor. The study demonstrates the advantage of spatial separation of the light-trapping and the semiconductor growth layers in the photovoltaic back-re?ector without sacri?cing the optical bene?t.
关键词： light management,nanomolding,inverted pyramids,thin-?lm solar cells,nanoparticles,photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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SrCl <sub/>2</sub> an environment friendly alternate to CdCl <sub/>2</sub> treatment for CdTe thin films solar cell application
摘要： The CdCl2 treatment is a an important step for CdTe absorber based solar cell, however CdCl2 is less abundant, toxic and extremely environment unfriendly. We propose strontium chloride SrCl2 as a possible environment friendly replacement which is non-toxic, abundant and provide comparable ef?ciency to thin ?lm solar cell. In this work the CdTe thin ?lm was prepared by closed space sublimation (CSS) technique, while SrCl2 was further coated by a spin coater and ?nally annealed at 200 °C. The structural properties including particle size, dislocation density and strain were determined. The structural analysis reveals that the ?lms are crystalline, cubic zinc-blende structure with preferred orientation of (111) plane. Presence of SrCl2 layer causes increase in the intensities for other orientations of (220) and (311), showing material loses in the preferred orientation of (111) making it polycrystalline. Surface morphology observed by SEM shows improved uniformity with fewer defects after SrCl2 treatment. Band gap and other optical properties were determined using spectroscopic ellipsometry. Optical band gap is found in the range 1.6 eV to 1.4 eV and observed to decrease with the increasing SrCl2 content. The electrical conductivity is observed increasing with the addition of second layer. We report that the SrCl2 coated thin ?lms are ef?cient, comparable and environmental friendly replacement for the CdCl2 coated CdTe thin ?lms.
关键词： thin ?lm solar cell,CdTe,CdCl2 coating,SrCl2 coating
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Effects of external magnetic field on the micro-structure of diamond-like carbon film prepared by pulsed laser deposition
摘要： The DLC ?lm was deposited by pulsed laser deposition in an external magnetic ?eld, and its optical property, surface morphology and atomic bonds were researched. The simulated ?ight tracks of the carbon ions in the magnetic ?eld showed that a number of the carbon ions were constrained by the Lorentz force, ?ing onto the substrate and forming the DLC ?lm. The contrast between the micro-structures of the DLC ?lms deposited in or out the magnetic ?eld showed that the external magnetic ?eld changed the expansion of the laser-produced plume and con?ned the surface diffusion of the charged particles on the substrate, improving the content of the sp3 bonds in the DLC ?lm.
关键词： pulsed laser deposition,diamond-like carbon ?lm,external magnetic ?eld,optical property,atomic bond
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Effect of annealing temperature of MoO3 layer in MoO3/Au/MoO3 (MAM) coated PbS QDs sensitized ZnO nanorods/FTO glass solar cell
摘要： This research reports fabrication of MoO3/Au/MoO3 (MAM) coated PbS sensitized quantum dot solar cell. ZnO nanorod grown FTO glass substrates were sensitized by PbS quantum dots (PbS QDs/ZnO nanorods/FTO Glass), followed by (MoO3/Au/MoO3) coating. Hydrothermal process was used to grow ZnO nanorods, followed by the deposition of PbS QDs using Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR). Finally, (MoO3/Au/MoO3) layers were deposited for the back contact. Spin coating was used to deposit MoO3 layers while middle layer of Au was deposited by sputter coating. Three such devices were fabricated with three di?erent annealing temperatures i.e. 100 °C, 150 °C and 200 °C for ?rst MoO3 layer. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used for surface morphology of the devices; Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy Analysis (EDS) and X-Ray Di?raction (XRD) techniques were used for elemental and structural analysis, Optical properties of the devices were determined using UV–Visible analysis. Power conversion e?ciency (PCE) of all three devices was obtained to observe devices performance. Improved PCE of 4.617% was obtained by the device with the thermal treatment of 150 °C.
关键词： Quantum dots,ZnO nanorods,MoO3 thin ?lm,PbS quantum dot sensitized Solar Cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57