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Data on characterization and validation of assays for ultrasensitive quantitative detection of small molecules: Determination of free thyroxine with magnetic and interferometric methods
摘要： The presented data refer to optimization and quantitative characterization of a rapid lateral flow assay based on high-affinity bifunctional ligand and magnetic nanolabels, which was developed for detection of small molecules of thyroid hormones. The results were obtained by including the magnetic particle quantification method, spectral-correlation interferometry and spectral-phase interferometry, dynamic light scattering, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The long-term stability of "antibody – magnetic nanoparticle" conjugates is shown. The assay specificity is confirmed, and verification of successful combination of magnetic particles and antibodies is demonstrated. The kinetic and equilibrium dissociation constants are determined for interactions between thyroxine and monoclonal antibodies. The obtained data could be used for design of other platforms for detection of small molecules.
关键词： ELISA,Lateral flow assay,Small molecules,Ultrasensitive detection,Free thyroxine,Interferometry,Magnetic nanolabels,Dynamic light scattering
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Preparation and evaluation of fluorescent poly(p-phenyleneethylene) covalently coated microspheres with reactive sites for bioconjugation
摘要： Fluorescent microspheres with reactive sites for interacting with biomolecules are greatly demanded in flow cytometry based suspension array. Aiming to develop new method for preparing fluorescent microspheres, two poly(p-phenyleneethylene) (PPE) conjugated polymers (CPs) with pedant carboxylic groups were synthesized via Sonogarshira coupling and followed with hydrolysis of ester groups; then the conjugated polymers were immobilized onto monodispersed amino-modified porous poly(glycidylmethacrylate) (APGMA) microspheres via coupling reaction between carboxylic and amino groups to give APGMA-CP fluorescent microspheres. The fluorescent microspheres were found to have good photo- and thermal stability as well as negligible influence from rigorous washing. The emission was uniform all across the inner and surface of the spheres. To evaluate the effectiveness of bioconjugation on the fluorescent microspheres, fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC) labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) (BSA-FITC) was chosen as the representative biomolecule to react with the fluorescent microspheres to give APGMA-CP-BSA-FITC. In the flow cytometry study, fluorescence compensation between the V500 and FITC detectors (receiving signals from fluorophores excited by 405 nm and 488 nm, respectively), to remove the interference between the emission of FITC and CPs, was realized using singly-stained microspheres. Finally, APGMA-CP-BSA-FITC microspheres were found to be double positive for CP and FITC with very high percentage (>95%), suggesting the bioconjugation is very effective. This study provides a facile method for simultaneous introduction of fluorescence and reactive sites onto the microspheres, which is very promising to be used as general strategy for fabricating fluorescence microspheres for application in high-throughput technology.
关键词： Fluorescence,Bioconjugation,Flow Cytometry,Microsphere,Conjugated Polymer
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film growth by electrodeposition
摘要： In this paper, an experimental study about CIGS thin film growth due to hydrodynamic conditions variations on the working electrode surface is reported. Local hydrodynamic conditions were produced by the interaction of the natural convection flow with a non-conducting hemisphere placed on the working electrode surface. The electrodeposition process was made by a single bath with copper, indium, gallium and selenium ions to obtain CIGS thin films. The electrodes in the electrolytic cell were placed vertically. The as-electrodeposited CIGS thin film morphology near the hemisphere had a characteristic growth as a consequence of the local hydrodynamic conditions. CIGS thin film morphology and composition variations due to the wake and boundary layer were identified. With the CIGS film morphology obtained due to the presence of the wake was possible to represent the natural convection flow pattern on the Mo electrode surface. The CIGS thin film composition, inside and outside of the wake and throughout the boundary layer, was characterized. The gallium incorporation to the CIGS film was principally affected. As a consequence of this study, it was found that the atomic percentage of gallium in the CIGS film is related to deposition current density.
关键词： Electrodeposition,CIGS thin film,Natural convection flow
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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The influence of Marangoni effect on the growth quality of multi-crystalline silicon during the vacuum directional solidification process
摘要： A multi-field coupling model of heat-flow-thermal stress was established to investigate the influence of Marangoni effect on the growth quality of multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si) during the vacuum directional solidification (VDS) process. The simulation results showed that the Marangoni effect has a significant effect on the distribution of temperature and thermal stress as well during the VDS process due to the increased velocity of melts. The enhanced flow incurred more homogeneous temperature distribution of silicon melts and reduced radial temperature gradient, which then leads to the flatter solid/liquid (s/l) interface. However, as temperature gradient of the crystal increased, thermal stress of the silicon ingot was strengthened as a result. The growth quality of crystal was more desirable when adopting a pulling-down rate of 10 μm/s, in which case the (111) surface was advantageous throughout the entire crystal growth process by XRD detection. Finally, the reliability of the numerical simulation result was verified by the experiment.
关键词： Multi-crystalline,Melt flow,Vacuum directional solidification,Numerical simulation,Marangoni effect
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Using <i>Imaging</i> Flow Cytometry to Quantify and Optimize Giant Vesicle Production by Water-in-oil Emulsion Transfer Methods
摘要： Many biologists, biochemists, and biophysicists study giant vesicles, which have a diameter of >1 μm, owing to their ease of characterization using standard optical methods. More recently, there has been interest in using giant vesicles as model systems for living cells and for the construction of artificial cells. In fact, there have been a number of reports about functionalizing giant vesicles using membrane-bound pore proteins and encapsulating biochemical reactions. Among the various methods for preparing giant vesicles, the water-in-oil emulsion transfer method is particularly well established. However, the giant vesicles prepared by this method have complex and heterogeneous properties, such as particle size and membrane structure. Here we demonstrate the characterization of giant vesicles by imaging flow cytometry to provide quantitative and qualitative information about the vesicle products prepared by the water-in-oil emulsion transfer method. Through image-based analyses, several kinds of protocol by-products, such as oil droplets and vesicles encapsulating no target molecules, were identified and successfully quantified. Further, the optimal agitation conditions for the water-in-oil emulsion transfer method were found from detailed analysis of imaging flow cytometry data. Our results indicate that a sonication-based water-in-oil emulsion transfer method exhibited a higher efficiency in producing giant vesicles - about 10 times or higher than that of vortex- and rumble strip-based methods. It is anticipated that these approaches will be useful for fine-tuning giant vesicle production and subsequent applications.
关键词： water-in-oil emulsion transfer method,Giant vesicles,imaging flow cytometry,POPC
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) - Athens, Greece (2018.10.7-2018.10.10)] 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) - Depth Estimation with Occlusion Handling from a Sparse Set of Light Field Views
摘要： This paper addresses the problem of depth estimation for every viewpoint of a dense light field, exploiting information from only a sparse set of views. This problem is particularly relevant for applications such as light field reconstruction from a subset of views, for view synthesis and for compression. Unlike most existing methods for scene depth estimation from light fields, the proposed algorithm computes disparity (or equivalently depth) for every viewpoint taking into account occlusions. In addition, it preserves the continuity of the depth space and does not require prior knowledge on the depth range. The experiments show that, both for synthetic and real light fields, our algorithm achieves competitive performance to state-of-the-art algorithms which exploit the entire light field and usually generate the depth map for the center viewpoint only.
关键词： light field,stereo matching,optical flow,low rank approximation,depth estimation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Spontaneous Charge Generation in Flowing Albumin Solutions at 35 °C and 38 °C
摘要： The time dependence of a charge accumulation in a 10?15 M albumin solution, flowing through a measuring cell of an analytical flow system injector, had a nonlinear character under certain conditions, within a human physiological temperature range. Sharp charge increases depended on albumin concentration. This effect must be taken into consideration when generating models that describe electrokinetic phenomena in flowing protein solutions and when developing analytical flow systems for the registration of biomolecules in low concentration ranges.
关键词： flowing protein solution,charge accumulation,analytical flow-through systems,physiological temperature,serum albumin
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Vertical fine structure and time evolution of plasma irregularities in the Es layer observed by a high-resolution Ca+ lidar
摘要： The vertical fine structures and the time evolution of plasma irregularities in the sporadic E (Es) layer were observed via calcium ion (Ca+) density measurements using a resonance scattering lidar with a high time-height resolution (5 s and 15 m) at Tachikawa (35.7°N, 139.4°E) on December 24, 2014. The observation successfully provided clearer fine structures of plasma irregularities, such as quasi-sinusoidal height variation, localized clumps, “cats-eye” structures, and twist structures, in the sporadic Ca+ (Ca+s) layers at around 100 km altitude. These fine structures suggested that the Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities occurred in the neutral atmosphere whose density changed temporarily or spatially. The maximum Ca+ density in the Ca+s layer was two orders of magnitude smaller than the maximum electron density estimated from the critical frequency (foEs) simultaneously observed by the ionosonde at Kokubunji (35.7°N, 139.5°E). A strong positive correlation with a coefficient of 0.91 suggests that Ca+ contributes forming the Es layer as well as major metallic ions Fe+ and Mg+ in the lower thermosphere. Moreover, the formation of a new Ca+s layer at 110 km and the upward motions of the Ca+s layers at 100 km and 110 km were observed just after the sunrise time at the conjugation point. Although the presence or absence of a causal relationship with the sunrise time was not clear, a possible explanation for the formation and the upward motions of the Ca+s layers was the occurrence of strong horizontal wind, rather than the enhancement of the eastward electric field.
关键词： Calcium ion (Ca+) density,Ion upward flow,Mid-latitude,Resonance scattering lidar,Kelvin–Helmholtz instability,Sporadic E (Es) layer,Vertical fine structure,Lower thermosphere
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A spatiotemporal probabilistic model-based temperature-augmented probabilistic load flow considering PV generations
摘要： The probabilistic steady‐state forecasting of a PV‐integrated power system requires a suitable forecasting model capable of accurately characterizing the uncertainties and correlations among multivariate inputs. The critical and foremost difficulties in the development of such a model include the accurate representation of the characterizing features such as complex nonstationary pattern, non‐Gaussianity, and spatial and temporal correlations. This paper aims at developing an improved high‐dimensional multivariate spatiotemporal model through enhanced preprocessing, transformation techniques, principal component analysis, and a suitable time series model that is capable of accurately modeling the trend in the variance of uncertain inputs. The proposed model is applied to the probabilistic load flow carried out on the modified Indian utility 62‐bus transmission system using temperature‐augmented system model for an operational planning study. A detailed discussion of various results has indicated the effectiveness of the proposed model in capturing the aforesaid characterizing features of uncertain inputs.
关键词： PV generation,probabilistic load flow,operational planning,spatiotemporal correlation,steady‐state forecasting
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Effects of nitrogen-dopant bonding states on liquid-flow-induced electricity generation of graphene: A comparative study
摘要： We fabricate, measure and compare the effects of the bonding states of dopant nitrogen atoms in graphene devices, specifically on the liquid-flow-induced electricity by these devices. We find that nitrogen doping enhances the voltage induced by liquid flow regardless of the nitrogen bonding state. However, different nitrogen bonding states affect graphene’s conductivity differently: while graphitic nitrogen is suitable for electricity-generation applications, pyridinic nitrogen is hopeless for this purpose, due to the formation of symmetry-breaking defects of the latter.
关键词： Water-graphene interface,Nitrogen doped graphene,Flow-induced electricity generation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29