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Protective potentials of far-infrared ray against neuropsychotoxic conditions
摘要： Compelling evidence suggests that far-infrared ray (FIR) possesses beneficial effects on emotional disorders. However, the underlying mechanism conveyed by FIR remains unclear. Recently, we demonstrated that exposure to FIR induces antioxidant potentials via up-regulation of glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-1 gene. The antioxidant potentials might be important for the modulation on the neuropsychotoxic conditions. Exposure to FIR protects from methamphetamine (MA)-induced memory impairments via phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 signaling by positive modulation of protein kinase C δ (PKCδ), M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1 mAChR), and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor. In addition, exposure to FIR positively modulates MA-induced behavioral sensitization via attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction by down-regulation of dopamine D1 receptor. In this mini-review, we have discussed with the protective potentials mediated by FIR against MA-induced psychotoxic burdens.
关键词： Methamphetamine,Far-infrared ray,Behavioral sensitization,Glutathione peroxidase-1 gene,Memory impairments
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Amylase protected gold nanoclusters as chemo- and bio- sensor for nanomolar detection of deltamethrin and glutathione
摘要： Herein, we proposed a facile and green synthetic route for the fabrication of amylase encapsulated ultra-small fluorescent gold nanoclusters (amylase-Au NCs) for the detection of deltamethrin and glutathione (GSH) based on the “turn off” fluorescence quenching mechanism. A panel of characterizations was carried out to understand the electronic structure, morphology and surface chemistry of Au NCs. The obtained data revealed that the successful formation of amylase-Au NCs. The amylase capped Au NCs displayed excitation and emission bands at 383 and 660 nm, respectively with 7.9% quantum yield. The amylase-Au NCs acted as a fluorescent probe for selective and sensitive detection of deltamethrin and GSH and exhibited good linearity in the range of (0.01-5 μM) and (0.05-5 μM), with the detection limit 6 and 10 nM, respectively. The real sample applications of the probe were successfully established by analyzing deltamethrin and GSH in water, food and biological samples. Additionally, amylase-Au NCs were also used as a bio-imaging probe for Exophiala sp.cells.
关键词： Amylase,glutathione,Exophiala sp.,Au NCs,deltamethrin
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Black phosphorus quantum dots are useful oxidase mimics for colorimetric determination of biothiols
摘要： Black phosphorus quantum dots (BP QDs) with small size are synthesized using an easy to operate thermal method. It was found that BP QDs possess oxidase-mimicking activity. They can catalyze the oxidation of the substrate 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine to produce a blue-colored product even in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. Active oxygen species are proved to be involved in the reaction through the experiments of radical scavenging and electron spin resonance. Biothiols including reduced glutathione and cysteine inactivate the oxidase-mimicking activity of BP QDs, concomitant to the fading of the blue solution. This provides the base for a colorimetric method for the determination of glutathione and cysteine. The decreased absorbance at 652 nm displays linear response to the concentrations of glutathione ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 μmol L?1, and cysteine from 0.1 to 10.0 μmol L?1. The detection limits are 0.02 μmol L?1 and 0.03 μmol L?1 for glutathione and cysteine, respectively. Successive determinations of 1.0 μmol L?1 glutathione and 5.0 μmol L?1 cysteine solution give relative standard deviations of 0.8% and 1.7% (n = 11), respectively. As a preliminary application, the practicability of the method was evaluated by the determination of glutathione in pharmaceutical preparations. This work not only discovers a useful oxidase mimics but also sets up a reliable platform based on BP QDs in colorimetric detection.
关键词： Cysteine,Pharmaceutical,Nanoprobe,Reactive oxygen species,Black phosphorous quantum dots,Oxidase-mimicking activity,Glutathione,Biothiols,Colorimetric method
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Silver Soret Nanoparticles for Femtomolar Sensing of Glutathione in a Surface Plasmon-Coupled Emission Platform
摘要： Surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) has emerged as an interdisciplinary, versatile sensing platform due to its highly directional, solid-state and polarized emission. Here, we report the distinct properties rendered by Ag-Soret Colloids (Ag-SCs) such as nanovoids and nanocavities to observe 104-fold enhancement in emission intensity of omnidirectionally radiating emitter dipoles. Unlike earlier reports utilizing templated Ag-nanoparticles in spacer or cavity architectures, here we employ template-free, linker-less Ag-SCs. Purcell factor (PF - maximum of 120.6) obtained using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations for soret nanocavities are in excellent agreement with the trend in emission enhancements obtained experimentally. Thermal gradient created by adiabatic cooling of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) drives their thermo-diffusion resulting in monodisperse nanoparticle assemblies (Ag-SCs). In addition, we report an extended-cavity architecture with Ag-SCs, as a novel pseudo-metal-dielectric-metal (p-MDM) interface, for achieving 80-fold SPCE. This study also features the unique properties of Ag-SCs as interfacial nanomaterials in SPCE platform to achieve femtomolar detection of glutathione (GSH). The quenching of fluorescence from alizarin red S-boric acid (ARS-BA) complex upon addition of Cu2+ ions and the dequenching upon GSH addition studied with Ag-SCs as spacer layer remarkably increased the sensitivity of the analyte. The uniform and intense electromagnetic field-confinement provided by these intricate architectures and hybrid interfaces, along with its ease of fabrication and versatility for variety of analytes, is critical to achieve augmented SPCE. This is accomplished without compromising on the reliability of detection as demonstrated with the use of a cellphone camera, CIE color space and luminosity plots for the turn-on fluorescence. The emission images were acquired using an android phone camera by aligning it with its angular emission, making it amenable for point-of-care diagnostics.
关键词： Soret colloids,Surface plasmon-coupled emission,spacer engineering,smartphone-based detection,template-free approach,fluorescence enhancement,glutathione sensing
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Ag2S-Glutathione Quantum Dots for NIR Image Guided Photothermal Therapy
摘要： Aqueous synthesis of glutathione (GSH) coated Ag2S quantum dots (QD) with strong emission in the medical imaging window (700-900 nm) were prepared from AgNO3. Variations in temperature, time, pH and sulfur source (Na2S and thioacetamide) were studied to tune the emission wavelength and intensity of QDs. The optimum synthesis condition to produce the smallest QDs (ca 7 nm) with the highest quantum yield (70 %) and excellent stability was determined as 50 ℃ and pH 10 where Na2S was used in 2 h reactions. Cytotoxicity was evaluated with MTT assay on HT29 and MCF7 cancer cell lines and indicated no significant toxicity of QDs up to 200 μg/mL. Photothermal Therapy (PTT) potential was first investigated by 795 nm, continuous-wave fiber coupled diode laser using aqueous solutions of QDs and then on HT29 and MCF7 cells. QD (150 μg/mL) treated MCF7 cells almost quantitatively died after 10 min irradiation at 795 nm (700 mW, 1.82 W/cm2) and the viability of HT29 cells dropped to 40%. Most cell death was late apoptotic/necrotic. This study indicates that such laser irradiation procedure and the QDs are safe yet, their combination provides a dramatic cell death upon short laser treatment. PTT coupled with strong intracellular optical signal promotes Ag2S-GSH QDs as potential theranostic nanoparticles.
关键词： glutathione coating,NIR imaging,Ag2S quantum dots,theranostic nanoparticles,photothermal therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Glutathione- and light-controlled generation of singlet oxygen for triggering drug release in mesoporous silica nanoparticles
摘要： A combined stimuli-responsive photosensitiser and drug release system based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles was prepared. This nanoplatform encapsulated molecules of a zinc(II) phthalocyanine substituted with a glutathione-cleavable 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate quencher and doxorubicin linked via a singlet-oxygen-cleavable 9,10-dialkoxyanthracene linker. In the presence of glutathione (in mM range) and upon irradiation (λ > 610 nm), the phthalocyanine units were activated by detaching from the quenching component to emit fluorescence and generate singlet oxygen. The latter subsequently cleaved the 9,10-dialkoxyanthracene linker to trigger the release of a doxorubicin derivative. The glutathione- and light-controlled activation and drug-release processes on this nanoplatform were demonstrated in phosphate buffered saline. The activation in fluorescence emission by intracellular thiols was also shown inside HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Upon irradiation, the nanosystem exhibited high cytotoxicity due to the photodynamic effect of the activated phthalocyanine units, but the cytotoxic effect of the released Dox moieties was not notable probably due to their reduced cytotoxicity as a result of the pendant substituent and the low drug loading in the nanoparticles.
关键词： mesoporous silica nanoparticles,photosensitiser,photodynamic therapy,doxorubicin,drug release,glutathione,singlet oxygen
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Off-on fluorescent switching of boron-doped carbon quantum dots for ultrasensitive sensing of catechol and glutathione
摘要： A signal-off-on probe of B-doped carbon quantum dot (B-CQD) is developed for ultrasensitive detection of catechol (CC) by fluorescence quenching and glutathione (GSH) by fluorescence recovering without any auxiliary of biomolecules or labeled materials. In this sensing system, the B-CQDs with a high quantum yield of 42% are prepared via a facile hydrothermal method with precursors of citric acid as C source and sodium tetraphenylborate as B source. The microstructure and fluorescence stability of the B-CQDs are investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the B-CQDs are highly sensitive for detecting CC with a linear range of 1-50 nM and a detection limit of 0.25 nM under a typical signal-to-noise ratio of 3 to 1 (S/N=3), and for sensing GSH with a linear range of 2-100 nM and a detection limit of 0.5 nM (S/N=3). Meanwhile, the developed B-CQDs show a good selectivity for sensing CC and GSH under high concentrations of interfering substances, such as biological thiols and amino acids. The B-CQDs are successfully applied to determination of CC in river water and GSH in human serum, where the recoveries are 103.3%-106.0% and 99.8%-106.3% for CC and GSH sensing, respectively. The signal-off-on mechanisms of the B-CQDs sensor are discussed.
关键词： Glutathione,B-doped carbon quantum dot,Sensitivity,Fluorescent sensing,Catechol
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Colorimetric and dark-field microscopic determination of cadmium(II) using unmodified gold nanoparticles and?based on the formation of glutathione-cadmium(II) complexes
摘要： A colorimetric approach is presented for the determinaton of cadmium(II) using unmodified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a colorimetric probe. The assay is based on AuNP aggregation that is induced by the complexes formed between Cd(II) and glutathione (GSH) in a concentrated solution of NaCl. Unmodified AuNPs are known to aggregate in high-salt medium, but GSH can prevent aggregation. In the presence of Cd(II), it will bind GSH, and this will cause the AuNPs to aggregate as indicated by yellow and red dots under dark-field microscopy observation and the formation of a blue coloration. By monitoring the intensity change of AuNPs (as a ratio of absorbances at 600 and 520 nm), Cd(II) can be quantified with a linear response in the 17 pM to 16.7 nM concentration range and a detection limit of 4.3 pM. The method was successfully applied to the determination of Cd(II) in spiked lake water by the standard addition mode, and the detection limit is 4.5 pM.
关键词： Microscopy,Yellow and red dots,Lake water,Glutathione,Ratiometric detection,Cadmium ion,Gold nanoparticle aggregation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Methylene blue loaded Cu-tryptone complex nanoparticles: a new glutathione-reduced enhanced photodynamic therapy nanoplatform
摘要： The concentration of intracellular reactive oxygen species directly determines the effect of photodynamic therapy. Reducing intracellular glutathione (GSH) content can increase ROS level. Therefore, it is extremely important to construct a nano-platform that can promote photodynamic therapy by consuming GSH. In this study, we synthesized Cu-tryptone complex nanoparticles (Cu-Try NPs) by a simple green method and demonstrated their ability to consume GSH to increase intracellular ROS for the first time. Photosensitizer methylene blue was loaded onto Cu-Try NPs (Cu-Try/MB NPs) for enhanced photodynamic therapy. Studies in vitro and in vivo illustrated that enhanced photodynamic therapy based on Cu-Try/MB NPs can kill cancer cells effectively.
关键词： glutathione,Cu-tryptone complex nanoparticles,photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Ratiometric fluorescence probe for hydrazine vapor detection and biological imaging
摘要： A series of four new mononuclear cationic gold(I) complexes containing nitrogen functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) was synthesized and fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. The X-ray structures of three complexes are presented. These lipophilic gold(I) complexes originate from a pharmacomodulation of previously described gold(I)-NHC complexes, by replacing an aliphatic spacer with an aromatic one. The Log P values of the resulting complexes increased by 0.7e1.5, depending on the substituents in comparison to the aliphatic-linker systems. The new series of complexes has been investigated in vitro for their anti-cancer activities in PC-3 (prostate cancer) and T24 (bladder cancer) cell lines and in the non-cancerous MC3T3 (osteoblast) cell line. All tested complexes show high activities against the cancer cell lines with GI50 values lower than 500 nM. One complex (11) has been selected for further investigations. It has been tested in vitro in six cancer cell lines from different origins (prostate, bladder, lung, bone, liver and breast) and two non-cancerous cell lines (osteoblasts, ?broblasts). Moreover, cellular uptake measurements were indicative of a good bioavailability. By various biochemical assays, this complex was found to effectively inhibit the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and its cytotoxicity towards prostate PC-3, bladder T24 and liver HepG2 cells was found to be ROS-dependent.
关键词： Glutathione,Thioredoxin reductase,Lipophilicity,N-heterocyclic carbene,Gold,ROS,Cancer
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36