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Green Solution Bathing Process for Efficient Large-area Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) towards practical application relies on high efficiency, long lifetime, low toxicity and device upscaling. To realize large-area PSCs, a green solution bathing strategy is delivered to prepare high-performance PSCs. By utilizing 2-pentanol as a green solvent and formamidinium chloride (FACl) as a solute in the green solution bathing, perovskite films with enlarged grain sizes, improved crystallinity and alleviated defect state density were obtained, resulting in the enhancement in the power conversion efficiency of PSCs. Coupled with 2-pentanol and FACl, a champion efficiency of 21.03% for small cells (0.103 cm2) and over 18% for large size (1.00 cm2) were obtained based on the GSB process, which can outperform its counterpart made from commonly-used anti-solvent dropping method. In addition, a large perovskite film (5 cm × 5 cm) with obvious mirror effect was successfully prepared. Our innovative approach paves the way to promote device upscaling of PSCs via environment-friendly technique.
关键词： 2-pentanol,green solvent,large-area,solution bathing,perovskite solar cells,FACl
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Achieving efficient green-solvent-processed organic solar cells by employing ortho-ortho perylene diimide dimer
摘要： The lack of electron acceptors with suitable green solvent processing and excellent device performance is an important problem that hinders the development and commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, an ortho-ortho perylene diimide (PDI) dimer (oo-2PDI) is developed and used as an acceptor for use in efficient green-solvent-processed (GSP) OSCs. By using chlorobenzene (CB), anisole, and ortho-xylene as the processing solvents, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 5.04%, 5.03%, and 5.78% were achieved without the additive, respectively. In addition, the non-fullerene oo-2PDI-based GSPOSCs show superior photovoltaic performance to [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)-based GSPOSCs under identical conditions. Therefore, these results demonstrate the possibility of achieving efficient non-fullerene GSPOSCs.
关键词： Electron acceptor,Perylene diimide,Green solvent,Ortho-ortho dimer,Organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Photocontrolled Iodine-Mediated Green Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization of Methacrylates: Effect of Water in the Polymerization System
摘要： Photocontrolled iodine-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) is a facile and highly efficient access to precision polymers. Herein, a facile photocontrolled iodine-mediated green RDRP strategy was successfully established in water by using 2-iodo-2-methylpropionitrile (CP-I) as the initiator and water-soluble functional monomers including poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) as the model monomers under blue-light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation at room temperature. Well-defined polymers (PPEGMA, PHEMA, PHPMA) with narrow polydispersities (1.09?1.21) were obtained, and amphiphilic block copolymers which can form nanospheres in situ in water (PPEGMA-b-poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PPEGMA-b-PBnMA) and PPEGMA-b-PHPMA) were prepared. To explore the role of water in our polymerization, control experiments were successfully carried out by using oil-soluble monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA) with the help of trace amounts of water. Notably, the green solvent—water—has an additionally positive effect in accelerating the polymerization and makes our polymerization system an environmentally friendly polymerization system. Therefore, this simple strategy conducted in the presence of water enables the green preparation of well-defined water-soluble or water-insoluble polymers and clean synthesis of amphiphilic copolymer nanoparticles in situ.
关键词： blue-light-emitting diode,water-soluble functional monomers,amphiphilic block copolymers,green solvent,RDRP,Photocontrolled iodine-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Interface-enhanced organic solar cells with extrapolated T80 lifetimes of over 20 years
摘要： With recent advances in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) based on novel donor and non-fullerene acceptor (NFAs), improving the stability of these systems has become the most important issue for their practical applications. Herein, an efficient and highly stable OSC, containing a novel polymer donor and a non-fullerene acceptor system, is reported. The OSC is based on an inverted device structure that utilizes a self-assembled fullerene monolayer (C60-SAM) as the cathode modification layer, an efficient and highly stable OSC composes of a polymer donor of poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-alt-3-fluorothie-n o[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate] (PTB7-Th) and a non-fullerene acceptor of (2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-(((4,4,9,9-Tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-4,9-dihydro-sindaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene-2,7-diyl)bis(4-((2ethylhexyl)oxy)thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-diflu oro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene -2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile) (IEICO-4F) is presented, showing a PCE of 10%. It further achieves an extrapolated T80 lifetime (the time required to reach 80% of initial performance) of 34,000 h, operating under one sun illumination equivalent. Based on an estimated solar irradiance of 1500 kWh/(m2 year) for China, a potential lifetime of 22 years is inferred for the OSC. Further investigation reveals that the reported C60-SAM modification stabilizes the OSC active layer morphology by lowering the surface energy of the underlying ZnO electron transport layer and suppressing trap-assisted recombination, thereby improving photostability. The results of this work establish important guidelines for the development of non-fullerene based OSCs with enhanced stability and pave the way for the commercialization of OSC technology.
关键词： interlayer modification,non-fullerene acceptor,photostability,green solvent,organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Green Solvent-Processed Organic Solar Cells Based on Low Cost Polymer Donor and Small Molecule Acceptor
摘要： Low cost photovoltaic materials and green solvent processing are important issues for commercial application of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, we fabricated high-performance OSCs based on low-cost conjugated polymer PTQ10 as donor and small molecule n-type organic semiconductor HO-IDIC-2F as acceptor, using non-halogen tetrahydrofuran (THF) as processing solvent. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the as-cast OSCs reached 12.20%, which is comparable with the ones processed with chloroform (CF) (12.43%). Thermal stability of the active layer was also studied by thermal treatment at 100°C for 8 hours. As a result, the active layer morphology remained unchanged and the PCE of the devices still reached 12.13%, indicating a good thermal-stability of the PTQ10:HO-IDIC-2F blend film. As commonly known, for OSCs fabricated in larger scales, layer by layer (LL) method generally provide more advantages than the traditional D-A blend solution-processing method. Therefore, to test the compatibility of THF solvent in LL method, we fabricated the blade-coated LL devices with THF as a single type of solvent for both donor and acceptor, and the PCE could reach up to 11.85%. The surprisingly high performance of the blade-coated OSC based on green solvent indicates that PTQ10 is a promising donor to be processed in green solvent for LL technology in the future.
关键词： PTQ10,green solvent,thermal stability,organic solar cells,layer-by-layer method,HO-IDIC-2F
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Indoor Photovoltaics: Photoactive Material Selection, Greener Ink Formulations, and Slot-Die Coated Active Layers
摘要： Strong visible light absorption is essential to achieve high power conversion efficiency in indoor organic photovoltaics (iOPVs). Here, we report iOPVs that exhibit high efficiency with high voltage under excitation by low power indoor lighting. Inverted type organic photovoltaic devices with active layer blends utilizing the polymer donor PPDT2FBT paired with fullerene, perylene diimide, or ring-fused acceptors that are 6.5-9.1% efficient under 1 sun are demonstrated to reach efficiencies from 10-17% under an indoor light source. This performance transcends that of a standard silicon photovoltaic device. Moreover, we compared iOPVs with active layers both spin-cast and slot-die cast from non-halogenated solvents and demonstrate comparable performance. This work opens a path towards high efficiency iOPVs for low power electronics.
关键词： Organic Photovoltaics,Perylene Diimide Dyes,Conjugated Polymers,Roll-to-Roll Compatible Coating,Green Solvent Processing
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Water, a green solvent for fabrication of high quality CsPbBr3 films for efficient solar cells
摘要： Water has been labeled as a devil in fabrication and stability of perovskite solar cells. The inherent cognition impels researchers to prepare perovskite films in water-controlled conditions. Herein, water is used as a green solvent to prepare CsPbBr3 films through a two-step spin-coating method. Due to the high solubility of CsBr but low solubility of PbBr2 in water, it provides a possibility to deposit CsBr onto PbBr2 from water solution without destroying the film. Here, high quality CsPbBr3 films are fabricated by spin-coating concentrated CsBr/H2O solution onto the PbBr2 film followed by annealing. As a result, the solar cells basing on a configuration of FTO/TiO2/CsPbBr3/Carbon exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 6.12%. This work provides a simple and easy way to prepare high quality CsPbBr3 films for efficient solar cells. It makes a solid step towards to reducing the solvent toxicity in the fabrication process of perovskite solar cells. It also breaks the forbidden zone for fabricating perovskite films from water, and updates the inherent understanding of water in the research of perovskite solar cells.
关键词： CsPbBr3 film,two-step method,solar cell,green solvent,perovskite
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Bicomponent-random Approach to Synthesis of Donor Polymers for Efficient All-Polymer Solar Cells Processed from A Green Solvent
摘要： All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) can offer unique merits of high morphological stability to thermal and mechanical stress. To realize its full potential as flexible or wearable devices, it is highly desirable that the all-PSCs can be fabricated from green solvent with simple post-treatment to avoid thermal annealing on flexible substrate. This proposed a severely challenge on material design to tune their properties with suitable solubility, aggregation, and morphology. To address this challenge, here, a simple bicomponent-random approach on a D-A-type polymer donor was developed by just varying the D-A molar ratio. Under this approach, a series of new random polymers PBDTa-TPDb with different molar ratio of D component of 2D-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) and A component of thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) were designed and synthesized. The energy levels, light absorption, solubility and packing structure of random donors PBDTa-TPDb were found to vary substantially with the various D-A molar ratio. The devices based PBDTa-TPDb/P(NDI2HD-T) were fabricated to explore the synergistic effects of processing solvent and composition of D-A-type random polymers. The results show that nanoscale morphology, balanced miscibility/crystallinity of blend and photovoltaic properties could be rationally optimized by tuning the composition of random donors. As a result, as-cast all-PSC based optimal donor PBDT5-TPD4 achieves a best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.20% processed from green solvent, which performs better than that based reference polymer (PCE: 6.41%). This efficiency is the highest value for all-PSCs from BDT-TPD-based donors. Moreover, the optimized devices exhibited relatively insensitive to the thickness of the active layer and good stability.
关键词： thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione,all-polymer solar cells,bicomponent-random approach,benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene,green solvent
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04