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- 2018
- rural electrification
- optimised renewable energy utilisation
- power sharing
- micro grid
- community development
- grid interconnection
- IoT based data acquisition system
- Grid tie solar PV system
- IoT
- Losses in Solar PV plant
- Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Amrita School of Engineering
- Zeal College of Engineering and Research
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Design and optimization of grid-tied and off-grid solar PV systems for super-efficient electrical appliances
摘要： Modeling, simulation, and optimization methods are used in the present study to design grid-tied and off-grid solar PV systems for super-efficient electrical appliances for residential buildings. The principal objective of this study is to design a renewable energy system to serve the electric load of super-efficient appliances with high penetration of renewable resources and low greenhouse gas emissions and cost of energy. Hourly calculations using optimization method are used to study the daily and yearly performance and the cost of the renewable energy systems. A comparison between the performance of the grid-tied and off-grid solar PV systems using conventional and super-efficient appliances in Dubai is presented. The comparison includes the total power production from the solar PV system, the power purchased from the grid, the extra power sold to the utility grid, the power used to meet the electrical load of the appliances, the excess power, the renewable fraction, the greenhouse gas emissions, and the levelized cost of energy. The results of the simulation show that the integration of super-efficient appliances powered with the grid-tied solar power system is a good option to control the energy consumption of the residential buildings and to reduce the cost of electricity and greenhouse gas emissions: low building energy consumption (reduction by half of the electrical power consumption: from 62.91 to 30.78 kWh/day using super-efficient appliances); all the electrical power demand for the building is met without shortage; the power systems produce low excess power (0.29–1.82%) compared to the off-grid power system; all the extra power from the solar PV is sold back to the grid to reduce the cost of energy, high renewable fraction (68% of the total energy served to the load is produced from solar PV), low-cost of electricity (12% reduction of the cost of energy compared to the utility grid), and low greenhouse gas emissions (45–51% reductions of the CO2, NOX, and SO2 emissions compared to the conventional electrical appliances).
关键词： Grid-tied solar PV,Off-grid solar PV,Super-efficient appliances,Energy efficiency,Renewable energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Implementing Inkjet-Printed Transparent Conductive Electrodes in Solution-Processed Organic Electronics
摘要： Through the use of solution-based materials, the field of printed organic electronics has not only made new devices accessible, but also allows the process of manufacture to move toward a high throughput industrial scale. However, while solution-based active layer materials in these systems have been studied quite intensely, the printed electrodes and specifically the transparent conductive anode have only relatively recently been investigated. In this progress report, the use of metal nanoparticles within printed organic electronic devices is highlighted, specifically their use as replacement of the commonly used indium tin oxide transparent conductive electrode within organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). A cross fertilization between the applications is expected since an OPV device is essentially an inversely operated OLED. This report aims to highlight the use of inkjet-printed nanoparticles as cost-effective electrodes for printed optoelectronic applications and discusses methods to improve the conductive and interfacial properties. Finally, in an outlook, the use of these types of metal nanoparticle inks to manipulate light management properties, such as outcoupling, in the device is investigated.
关键词： embedded silver and copper grid,metal nanoparticle ink,inkjet-printed electronics,transparent electrode,solution-processed optoelectronics
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe) - Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2018.10.21-2018.10.25)] 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe) - Optimization of Anoff-Grid PV System in Respect to the Capacity Shortage Value
摘要： The main goal of this paper is to describe optimization of off-grid PV system in respect to the capacity shortage value remote area in Osijek. The paper shows a model consisting of PV modules, converter, batteries and electrical load. The examined data are based on measured load values for the residential home. Finding an optimal size of off-grid PV system is shown using HOMER software. The investment costs are presented regarding different values of capacity shortage ranging from 0 % to 10 %. This paper also presents the influence of O&M ranging from 0 % to 3 % on the NPC.
关键词： optimization,O&M,HOMER,off-grid PV,Capacity shortage
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Battery-assisted low-cost hydrogen production from solar energy: Rational target setting for future technology systems
摘要： The massive implementation of renewable energy requires sophisticated assessments considering the combination of feasible technology options. In this study, a techno-economic analysis was conducted for hydrogen production from photovoltaic power generation (PV) utilizing a battery-assisted electrolyzer. The installed capacity of each component technology was optimized for the wide range of unit costs of electricity from the PV, battery, and proton-exchange membrane electrolyzer. Leveling of PV output by battery, the necessary capacity of electrolyzer is suppressed and the operating ratio of electrolyzer increases. The battery-assist will result in a lower hydrogen production cost when the benefit associated with the smaller capacity and higher operation ratio of the electrolyzer exceeds the necessary investment for battery installation. The results from this study indicated the cost of hydrogen as low as 17 to 27 JPY/Nm3 using a combination of technologies and the achievement of ambitious individual cost targets for batteries, PV, and electrolyzers.
关键词： Techno-economic analysis,Technology roadmap,Off-grid production,Proton-exchange membrane electrolyzer
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Preparation and measurement of subwavelength bilayer metal wire grid polarizers on flexible plastic substrates
摘要： This paper presents a process for the fabrication of subwavelength bilayer metal wire grid polarizers and describes the performance characterization of polarizers that were produced using the proposed method. These polarizers have a period of 278 nm and were fabricated on flexible plastic substrates using nanoimprint lithography followed by an aluminum deposition process. Transmission efficiency in excess of 0.55 and an extinction ratio of more than 32 dB were achieved in the visible range when the aluminum layer thickness of the polarizer was 70 nm. When a polarization analyzer with a six-channel sensor prototype was tested, an average error of 0.2002? was obtained, with a maximum error of 1.105? and a standard deviation of 0.7255?. The proposed fabrication method will be suitable for many applications in optics, including the manufacture of compound eye structures.
关键词： Extinction ratio,TM transmission,Nanoimprint lithography,Bilayer metal wire-grid polarizers
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Coordinated control of MPPT and voltage regulation using single-stage high gain DC–DC converter in a grid-connected PV system
摘要： In general, grid-connected PV system uses two stages of DC-DC converter to accomplish Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and DC voltage regulation. In order to overcome the two stage conversion, a single stage high gain DC-DC converter is presented in this paper. The operation of three switches with two different duty ratio is the main advantage of this converter to accomplish the coordinated control of MPPT and DC voltage regulation. This coordinated control also helps to provide constant DC voltage to the DC loads though the inverter is disconnected from the DC bus. A 1KW grid-connected PV system with the proposed DC-DC converter is developed and is validated using OP4500 Real-Time test platform. In addition, a decoupled control strategy with fractional order proportional-integral (FOPI) controller is implemented at the inverter end. Also, the reactive power compensation, harmonic reduction (less than 5% as per the IEEE 519 standard) and the grid power factor close to unity is obtained and the results are validated using the real-time simulator.
关键词： Solar photovoltaics,LCL filter,Coordinated control of MPPT and voltage regulation,High gain DC-DC converter,Grid integration and power quality
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2) - Beijing, China (2018.10.20-2018.10.22)] 2018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2) - Design and Implementation of Surge Protective Device for Solar Panels
摘要： Researchers for decades have utilized solar radiation as a sustainable renewable energy source. In this regard, Photovoltaic (PV) panels are satisfying the production of green energy and clean power. Frequently, these panels need to install on rooftops outdoor fields for maximum sun light feeding, to electricity. However, such PV systems installations are prone to direct or indirect lightning strikes. Herein, an impulse generator is designed to produce 750 V pulses for low voltage side to test the validity of our proposed surge protective device (SPD) as type-2. Moreover, the impulse generator provides 1.2/50μs and 8/20μs normalized voltage and current pulses, respectively. This approach controls the over-voltage caused by indirect lightening and thus protect solar panel systems. Furthermore, in the design of SPD, different components such as gas-discharge tube, transient voltage suppresser, metal oxide Varistor and Zener diodes are used to manage the impulse voltage at acceptable level. These results further highlighting the validity of implemented hardware.
关键词： MPPT,Photovoltaic panels,smart grid,Indirect lightning,Surge protective device
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Smart Lighting Systems as a Demand Response Solution for Future Smart Grids
摘要： Massive deployment of distributed and intermittent renewable energy sources cause instability in the power system because of the mismatch between the power generation and load consumption. In order to solve this problem, smart loads embedded with modern power electronic converters and communication devices are being developed. They are able to communicate with the utility and perform automatic demand response. In this paper, we propose a smart light-emitting diode (LED) driver for lighting. This smart LED driver adjusts its electricity usage in response to the utility without the expense of human visual comfort. To achieve this goal, a new control method is developed and a typical rate of change of LED power is determined through conducting a series of visual assessments with interviewees. An experimental smart LED driver is built to validate the new control method. Experimental report from the visual assessments has confirmed that the proposed control method can significantly reduce the light flickering caused by change of LED power.
关键词： Smart lighting,demand response,renewable energy,smart grid
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Off-Grid Compressive Channel Estimation for mm-Wave Massive MIMO with Hybrid Precoding
摘要： To reduce the pilot overhead and improve the channel estimation accuracy in the massive MIMO system, various channel estimation algorithms employing the sparse signal reconstruction (SSR) scheme have been proposed. However, the spatial grid division leads to the trade-off between the estimation accuracy and the computational complexity. In addition, when the true angle is not on the discretized grid point which is referred as off-grid problem, the performance of SSR-based algorithms will degrade heavily. In this letter, a novel channel estimation algorithm which achieves superior performance under the off-grid scenario is proposed. At first, the conventional joint angle of arrivals/departures (AoAs/AoDs) estimation is transformed into two one-dimensional sub-problems. Then, the SSR-based framework is presented to obtain the initial sparse-support set. By minimizing the constructed objective function, the off-grid errors regarded as adjustable parameters are iteratively refined. In addition, scatter gains are acquired by LSE. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm in terms of estimation accuracy and computational complexity.
关键词： channel estimation,millimeter wave,massive MIMO,off-grid refinement,Compressive sensing
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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An Efficient Technique using Modified p-q Theory for Controlling Power Flow in a Single-Stage Single-Phase Grid-Connected PV System
摘要： In this paper, an efficient power conditioning unit (PCU) is presented for a single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system (GCPVS) incorporating both maximum power-point tracking (MPPT) and current control algorithms in a single-stage. Modified p-q theory is applied to derive the reference signal for a hysteresis band current (HBC) controller so that independently the active and reactive power sharing between the photovoltaic (PV) system and the grid can be controlled. Enhanced stability during the internal dynamics, caused by the variations in PV generation and load conditions, is the prime aspect of the controller. The performance of the proposed p-q theory correlated HBC controller is evaluated against tracking of maximum PV power and compensation of load reactive power under the changeable atmospheric and load conditions, and also compared with the widely used conventional proportional resonant (PR) controller to justify superiority. Simulation and experiment are carried-out under variable weather and different load conditions to validate acceptability of the proposed control scheme.
关键词： modified p-q theory,Single-stage,hysteresis band current (HBC) controller,grid-connected photovoltaic system (GCPVS),power flow controlling
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52