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Effect of HCl Cleaning on InSb-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> MOS Capacitors
摘要： In this work, the role of HCl treatments on InSb surfaces and InSb-Al2O3 dielectric interfaces is characterised. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements indicate that HCl diluted in and rinsed with isopropanol (IPA) results in a surface layer of InCl3 which is not present for similar HCl-water processes. Furthermore, this InCl3 layer desorbs from the surface between 200°C and 250°C. Metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs) were fabricated using atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 at 200°C and 250°C and the presence of InCl3 was associated with a +0.79 V flatband voltage shift. The desorption of the InCl3 layer at 250°C reversed this shift but the increased process temperature resulted in increased interface-trapped charge (Dit) and hysteresis voltage (VH). This shift in flatband voltage, which does not affect other figures of merit, offers a promising route to manipulate the threshold voltage of MOS transistors, allowing enhancement-mode and depletion-mode devices to be fabricated in parallel.
关键词： surface cleaning,III-V,ALD,Al2O3,InSb,dielectric interface,MOSCAP,HCl
更新于2025-11-14 17:28:48
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Development and Validation of Spectrophotometric and Spectrofluorimetric Methods for the Determination of Cyclobenzaprine HCl
摘要： Five simple and sensitive methods were developed for the determination of cyclobenzapirine hcl (CB) in presence of its degradation product anthraquinone (AQ). Method A dual wavelength spectrophotometry (DW); where two wavelengths were selected for the drug 283 and 306 nm in such a way that the difference in absorbance was zero for its degradation. Method B ratio difference spectrophotometry (RD) was depended on measuring the ratio difference between 290 and 305 nm. Method C was depended on measuring the peak amplitude of the first derivative of the ratio spectra (1DD) at 282 and 306 nm. Method D Isoabsorptive Point (ISO) at 280 nm Coupled with Second Derivative (2D). Method E depending on spectrofluorimetric determination of cyclobenzapirine HCl through quenching of uranyl acetate with ?exi 228 nm and ?em at 458 nm. Linearties were obtained in concentration range 5 μg/ml – 30 μg/ml in case of methods A, B, C and D, while in case of methods E linearity was obtained in concentration range of 1 μg/ml –10 μg/ml. The five methods were found to be specific for CB in presence of different concentration % of its degradation product. The five proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of CB in Multirelax tablets. Statistical comparison between the results obtained by the proposed methods and that obtained by the official one for the determination of the drug was done, founding that there were no significant differences between them.
关键词： (1DD) Derivative ratio,Dual wavelength (DW),Isoabsorptive point (ISO),Spectrofluorimetry,Ratio difference (RD),Uranyl acetate,Cyclobenzapirine HCl (CB),Anthraquinone (AQ)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE 2019 11th Electrical Engineering Faculty Conference (BulEF) - Varna, Bulgaria (2019.9.11-2019.9.14)] 2019 11th Electrical Engineering Faculty Conference (BulEF) - Experimental study of LED luminaire for Human Centric Lighting
摘要： The article examines an experimental installation with a Human Centric Lighting illuminator to find out if new technologies such as Tunable White and Dali Device Type 8 meet the requirements for accurate and smooth change in the radiated color temperature of the illuminator. To this end, a number of real-time measurements have been carried out and analyzed. The measurement results are summarized in the graphs for the illuminator investigated
关键词： Dali Device Type 8 (DT8),LED luminaire,Human Centric Lighting (HCL),Tunable White
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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The THE INFLUENCE OF CHLORPROMAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE ON THE SIZE OF SMALL UNILAMELLAR DIMYROSTYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE LIPOSOMES AS REVEALED BY LIGHT SCATTERING PHOTOMETRY
摘要： This study aims to investigate the possible influence of the model, cationic, surface-active solute chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ-HCl) on the size of small unilamellar dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposomes as a function of temperature and CPZ-HCl concentration, below and above the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Small unilamellar DMPC liposomes were prepared by dissolving DMPC in chloroform and the solvent was rota-evaporated in a water bath adjusted at 40 °C. The lipid film was then dispersed in 0.1 M KCl solution adjusted at pH 6.2 to form large multilamellar liposomes which are then sonicated and fractionated via Sepharose 2B-Cl gel. The elution profile was followed spectrophotometrically at λ 260 nm. Combined fractions from the trailing edge of the included peak which is due to small unilamellar liposomes, were used as a source throughout this study. The SOFICA light scattering photometer (Model 42000) was used to determine the weight average liposomes weight (Lw) of small unilamellar DMPC liposomes. The Lw was determined in the absence and presence of CPZ-HCl both above and below the CMC over the temperature range of 25 °C to 40 °C. The Lw was observed to increase linearly in the absence and presence of CPZ-HCl. The Lw was observed to increase linearly in the absence of CPZ-HCl, from 1.88×10^6 +0.03 g/mol at 40 °C. Similarly, the Lw was observed to increase linearly in the present of CPZ-HCl, for example at 18 mmol drug concentration, the Lw increases from 11×10^6 +0.04 g/mol at 25 °C to 13.75×10^6 +0.03 g/mol at 40 °C. When the data are presented as a function of CPZ-HCl concentration, a gradual increase in Lw was observed below the CMC. Little increase in Lw however, was observed at post-micellar concentrations of 14 mmol and 18 mmol. The increase in Lw in the presence of the model cationic, surface-active solute CPZ-HCl as a function of concentration and temperature indicate that CPZ-HCl interacts with small unilamellar DMPC liposomes at concentrations below and above the CMC.
关键词： Temperature,CPZ-HCl,DMPC liposome,CMC
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Construction of morphology-controlled nonmetal 2D/3D homojunction towards enhancing photocatalytic activity and mechanism insight
摘要： Highlights ? A novel nonmetal 2D/3D g-C3N4 homojunction was constructed via the facile surface in-situ polymerization process. ? The nonmetal 2D/3D g-C3N4 homojunction displayed the dramatically enhanced photocatalytic performance for degrading TC-HCl. ? The improved transfer and separation efficiency of charge carriers resulted from synergetic effect of 2D-3D structural coupling and energy band controlling. ? This work develops a feasible exemplificative strategy for fabricating new morphology-controlled at the interface between structural units owing to the matching chemical and electronic structures, nevertheless it still is difficult to fabricate the morphology-controlled nonmetal homojunction. Herein, a nonmetal 2D/3D homojunction is constructed via the facile surface Constructing homojunction is more favorable to transfer and separation of charge carriers nonmetal homojunctions to improve photocatalytic activity microspheres, mainly attributing to the improved transfer and separation efficiency of charge homojunction displays the dramatically enhanced photocatalytic performance for degrading tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) compared with single 2D CN nanosheets and 3D CC carriers resulted from synergetic effect of 2D-3D structural coupling and energy band controlling. Moreover, the important degradation pathway, intermediate products and surface of 2D g-C3N4 (2D CN) nanosheets. The obtained nonmetal 2D/3D CN/CC in-situ polymerization process, where 3D g-C3N4 (3D CC) microspheres tightly anchor on the photocatalytic mechanism are investigated in detail. This work develops a feasible exemplificative strategy for fabricating new morphology-controlled nonmetal homojunction to improve photocatalytic activity.
关键词： Degradation mechanism,TC-HCl,Nonmetal homojunction,g-C3N4,Morphology-controlled
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Rhenium Diselenide (ReSe <sub/>2</sub> ) Near‐Infrared Photodetector: Performance Enhancement by Selective p‐Doping Technique
摘要： In this study, a near-infrared photodetector featuring a high photoresponsivity and a short photoresponse time is demonstrated, which is fabricated on rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) with a relatively narrow bandgap (0.9–1.0 eV) compared to conventional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). The excellent photo and temporal responses, which generally show a trade-off relation, are achieved simultaneously by applying a p-doping technique based on hydrochloric acid (HCl) to a selected ReSe2 region. Because the p-doping of ReSe2 originates from the charge transfer from un-ionized Cl molecules in the HCl to the ReSe2 surface, by adjusting the concentration of the HCl solution from 0.1 to 10 m, the doping concentration of the ReSe2 is controlled between 3.64 × 1010 and 3.61 × 1011 cm?2. Especially, the application of the selective HCl doping technique to the ReSe2 photodetector increases the photoresponsivity from 79.99 to 1.93 × 103 A W?1, and it also enhances the rise and decay times from 10.5 to 1.4 ms and from 291 to 3.1 ms, respectively, compared with the undoped ReSe2 device. The proposed selective p-doping technique and its fundamental analysis will provide a scientific foundation for implementing high-performance TMD-based electronic and optoelectronic devices.
关键词： photodetector,transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs),p-doping,selective doping,HCl doping,ReSe2,transistor
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Effect of the Preparation Method (Sol-Gel or Hydrothermal) and Conditions on the TiO2 Properties and Activity for Propene Oxidation
摘要： Since the two most commonly used methods for TiO2 preparation are sol-gel (SG) and hydrothermal (HT) synthesis, this study attempts to compare both methods in order to determine which one is the most suitable to prepare photocatalysts for propene oxidation. In addition, this work studies how the concentration of the HCl used for hydrolysis of the TiO2 precursor affects the properties of the obtained materials. Also, the effect of avoiding the post-synthesis heat-treatment in a selection of samples is investigated. The photocatalysts are characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and UV-vis spectroscopy, and the study tries to correlate the properties with the photocatalytic performance of the prepared TiO2 samples in propene oxidation. TiO2 materials with high crystallinity, between 67% and 81%, and surface area (up to 134 m2/g) have been obtained both by SG and HT methods. In general, the surface area and pore volume of the TiO2-HT samples are larger than those of TiO2-SG ones. The TiO2-HT catalysts are, in general, more active than TiO2-SG materials or P25 in the photo-oxidation of propene. The effect of HCl presence during the TiO2 synthesis and of the post synthesis heat treatment are much more marked in the case of the SG materials.
关键词： TiO2 synthesis method,HCl,VOCs elimination,photocatalysis,gas phase
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36